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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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mast cells degranulate with the influx of ____
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Ca2+
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Immediate Type I allergic response
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5-30 minutes
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Late phase Type I allergic response
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4-6 hours after initial contact
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2 types of cells that release histamine
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mast cells and basophils
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histamine has these major systemic effects
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smooth muscle contraction
vascular permeability vasodilation sensory nerve stimulation gastric parietal cell stimulation (HCl release) |
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H1 receptors are found
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bronchial smooth muscle
central nervous system conj blood vessels (what does histamine do to these tissues?) |
bronchial -- bronchoconstriction
CNS -- sedation conj blood vessels -- vasodilation and permeability |
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H2 receptors found
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gastric parietal cells
blood vessels (what does histamine do to these tissues?) |
GPC -- increase gastric secretion
blood vessels -- vasodilation/permeability |
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H1 receptors more associated with ______ tissue
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neuronal (itching response)
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H2 receptors more associated with _____ tissue
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vascular (redness)
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Type IV allergic reaction
when? what cells are activated? |
12-72 hours after allergen exposure
macrophages are activated, with lytic enzymes used in the response |
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Treat allergy Pts based on _______
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severity of case
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phenylephrine MOA
what type of drug is this? contraindicated with? |
MOA - agonistically bind to the vascular endothelium and promote vasoconstriction
alpha-adrenergic agonist contraindicated with angle-closure glaucoma, occludable angles, vasopressor response, CVD, DM |
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antihistamines MOA
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bind antagonistically to hist receptors and block histamine response
(hist can also bind to what other receptors?) |
serotonin
muscuranic alpha-adrenergic |
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antihistamines have this major SE
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antimuscuranic mimicking
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1st generation antihistamines caused
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sedation/depression in adults
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second generation antihistamines are less _____ ______
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lipid soluble
(and therefore less sedating) |
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antazoline phosphate
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topical H1 antihistamine (1st generation)
-comes with adrenergic agonist naphazoline |
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pheniramine maleate
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topical H1 antihistamine (1st generation)
-comes with adrenergic agonist naphazoline |
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emedastine
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topical H1 antihistamine (1st generation)
(trade name) |
Emastine
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azelastine
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mast cell destabilizer/antihistamine
(trade name) |
Optivar
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what can cause verticillate type keratopathy?
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azelastine (mast cell/antihist)
(trade name) |
Optivar
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MOA of mast cell stabilizers
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prevent Ca2+ influx across cell membrane (Ca2+ causes binding of vesicles with the cell membrane and exocytosis)
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initiation of action for mast cell stab
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not immediate
only nedocromil has short (15-30 minute onset of action) |
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SE of mast cell stab
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HA, OSD, styes
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cromolyn sodium
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mast cell stab
(trade name) |
opticrom, crolom
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lodoxamide tromethamine
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mast cell stab
VKC (trade name) |
Alomide
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nedocromil sodium
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mast cell stab
SAC (trade name) quick response time (15-30 min) |
Alocril
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pemirolast potassium
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mast cell stab
SAC (trade name) |
Alamast
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azelastine
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mast cell/antihist combo
(trade name) |
Optivar
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epinastine
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mast cell/antihist combo
(trade name) |
Elestat
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ketotifen fumarate
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mast cell/antihist combo
(trade name) |
Zaditor, Alaway
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olapatadine
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mast cell/antihist combo
(trade name) |
Patanol/Pataday
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SE of mast cell stab/antihist
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OSD, FB sens, HA, BITTER TASTE
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bepotastine besilate
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mast cell/antihist combo
(trade name) |
Bepreve
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alcaftadine
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mast cell/antihist combo
(trade name) |
lastacraft
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ketorolac trimethamine
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topical NSAID for allergy Tx
(trade name) (decreases prostaglandin synthesis) |
Acular
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loteprednol
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topical steroid for allergy Tx
(trade name) (decreases immune response, decreases Hist release) |
Alrex
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chronic allergic reaction Tx (4)
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**use mast cell stab for long term Tx
1. Alamast (pemirolast potassium) 2. Alocril (nedocromil sodium) 3. Alomide (lodoxamide tromethamine) 4. Crolom, Opticrom (Cromolyn Sodium) |
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acute allergic reaction Tx (8)
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1. Emadine (emadastine--antihistamine/decongestant)
2. Elestat (epinastine--mast cell stab/antihist) 3. Alaway/Zaditor (ketotifen fumarate--mast cell stab/antihist) 4. Optivar (azelastine--mast cell stab/antihist) 5. Pataday/Patanol (olapatadine--mast cell stab/antihist) 6. Bepreve (bepotastine--mast cell stab/antihist) 7. ketorolac trimethamine (Acular--NSAID) 8. loteprednol (Alrex--steroid) |
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