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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most affected ethnic group overall?
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Afro-Americans (highest rate of cancer from all sources)
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What ethnic group has the lowest rate of cancer overall?
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Native Americans |
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What type of cancer causes more deaths in both men AND women than any other type of cancer?
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Lung cancer |
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Which gender is more likely to get bladder cancer? What age? Race? |
Men over 60 Caucasian (twice as likely as African Americans) |
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What is the proven cause of bladder cancr in one half of all cases of bladder cancer in men?
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Smoking
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What percentage of bladder cancer in women are linked to cigarette smoking? |
25% |
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What vitamins have been proven to prevent bladder cancer? |
A and E, as well as mineral zinc |
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Has incidence of prostate cancer increase or decreased over the years? |
Decreased, due to screening with PSA.
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What is the occurrence of prostate cancer in men? |
Accounts for 1 in 3 cancers in men
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What race is more commonly affected by prostate cancer? |
African American |
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What genetic link has been found with prostate cancer?
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Proven genetic link to prostate cancer and men whose female relatives had breast cancer may also be at an increased risk for prostate cancer. |
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Exposure to what element increases risk for prostate cancer? What fields of work are most often exposed to this element? |
Cadmium--men who work in the farming industry or the production of batteries |
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Where are most head and neck cancers found? Second most common?
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Mouth, laryngeal cancer followed by oropharyngeal cancer |
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What gender is more likely to develop head/neck cancer? What age group
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Men, greater than 50 |
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What is the number one risk factor in developing head/neck cancer?
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Smoking |
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What most commonly causes cancers of the oropharynx?
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Excessive alcohol consumption or from poor oral hygiene |
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Absolute risk
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The number of cancer diagnoses as far as incidence and cancer death are concerned. This number is actually an average of cancer diagnoses within a group of people, usually out of 100,000. |
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Relative risk
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Refers to the chance of being diagnoses with cancer because of certain risk factors that are specific to a certain cancer. (ex: the relative risk of a person who smokes cigs developing lung cancer is much higher than the relative risk of a person who does not smoke) |
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Attributable risk- |
refers to the number of cancer diagnoses that could be prevented if the patient did not have certain risk factors. (Ex: decrease in incidence of lung cancer that would result if people did not smoke) |
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Cumulative risk
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The chance of a person developing cancer throughout their lifetime. Does not take into account specific risk factors that may be present in different individuals |
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Cancer incidence |
The amount of new cases of cancer that are diagnosed each year. Usually described as a ratio of how many diagnoses of a certain type of cancer are diagnose out of every 100,000 |
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Cancer prevalence |
Refers to the total number of people who had a diagnosis of cancer in the past. This statistic can include those who are currently fighting the disease, those in remission, or those who have been cured. |
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Cancer mortality |
Refers to the number of people who have died from cancer. With cancer being the number two cause of death in this country, this number can be quite high. |
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Case-fatality |
Refers to mortality from a specific type of cancer, such as colon cancer. Case fatality is an indication on how deadly a certain type of cancer may be. |
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Cancer survival |
Refers to the number of patients who were diagnosed with cancer at least five years previously. This includes patients who are in remission, currently battling the disease, or those that have been cured.
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