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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Accretionary prism
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The region of a subduction zone located between teh deep-sea trench and volcanic arc, where thick sedimentary units and volcanic rocks are squeezed and wrinkled by compression to form thurst faults and tight fold
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Atlantic-type Margin
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characterized by long history of sedimentation.
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Biogenous sediment
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deposits consisting of less than 30% by volume of paticles produced by organisms, such as the shells of diatoms, radiolaria, and foraminafera.
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Bulk emplacement
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Gravity induced transport of sediment, such as slumping and turbidity currents.
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calcareous ooze
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composedo f calcium carbonate
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carbonate compensation depth (CCD)
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Teh depth in teh ocean below which material composed of clacium is dissolved and does not accumulate on the seafloor.
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diatoms
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Microscoic, unicellular phytoplankton possessing silica valves; they are responsible for much of teh ocean's primary production.
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ferromanganse nodule
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chemically precipitated from seawater, these more or less spherical masses, a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter, are composed of concentric layers of iron ,manganese, and other metal oxides.
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foraminifera
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planktonic and benthonic protozoans that have a test composed of calcium carbonate.
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glacial-marine sediment
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sediment transported by glaciers and deposited in a marine environment.
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hydrogenous sediment
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consists largely of biochemical precipitates taht form in place they originate at the site of deposition by geochemical and biochemical reactions.
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hydrothermal vents
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an opening in the ground from which pour out hot, saline water solutions
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ice rafting
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The transport of sediment to the deep sea by floating icebergs which melt and drop their sediemnt load.
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limestone
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a sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate
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Pacific- type margin
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the edge of a continent that adjoins a tectonic plate boundray such as a subduction zone.
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pelagic clay
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brown clay
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pelagic sediment
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deep sea sediment that accumulates on the seafloor by the slow settlement of grains through the water column
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phosphorite
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a hydrogenous deposit consisting of nodules or cursts of P2O5
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radiolaria
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microscopic, unicellular planktonic and benthic animals that possess siliceous tests.
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relict sediment
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sedimetn on teh shelf that was deposited during teh recent geologic past and is not in equilibrium with the present day environment.
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sandstone
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sand
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shale
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mud
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siliceous ooze
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Material whose compositin is silica
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slumps
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the sliding of large cohering blocks of sediment or rock downslope under the influence of gravity.
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stratigraphy
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the branch of geology that studies the relationship and significance of layerd sedimentary rocks
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terrigenous sediments
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sediments derived from teh mechanical weathering of rocks on land; equivalent to lithogenous sediment
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till
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poorly sorted sediment taht is deposited by glaciers.
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turbidite
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sediment, typically with graded bedding, that is deposited by a turbidity current.
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turbidity current
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a density driven slurry of sediment-laden water which flows swiftly downhill displacing less dense water.
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volcanogenous sediment.
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derived from a volcano
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