Oceanography Notes Lecture 1

Front 1

List the uses of the oceans as economic/natural resources (8)

Back 1

1. transportation
2. food - fisheries, aquaculture, algae
3. recreation
4. fuel - 30% of world's oil offshore drilling
5. chemicals- drugs, emulsifiers, chalk, cancer research on invertebrates
6. minerals - magnesium, bromine, salt
7. sand and gravel
8. fodder, fertlizier

Front 2

List the importance of the oceans in the biosphere (5)

Back 2

1. hydrologic cycle
2. carbon cycle
3. nitrogen cycle
4. oxygen production
5. climate and weather change

Front 3

What do we know about the origin of the universe?

Back 3

Big Bang - probably occured about 13bya. As universe expanded, it cooled and eventually allowed the formation of atoms, which then formed galaxies and stars.

Front 4

How did water and water vapor form on early earth?

Back 4

a. Sun stripped away earth's first atmosphere.
b. Gases, including WV, released by process of outgassing, replaced the first atmosphere.
c. WV in the atmosphere condensed into clouds.
d. After millions of years, clouds cooled enough for water droplets to form.
e. Hot rain fell, went back into clouds.
f. Surface cooled enough, for water to collect in basins.
g. Physical components moved toward =librium, gases from the atmosphere and ions from the earth's crust dissolved into the accumulating water -->sea water.

Front 5

What compounds made up earth's early atmosphere? (4)

Back 5

1. CO2 (Carbon dioxide)
2. H2 (hydrogen)
3. CH4 (METHANE)
4. NH4 (ammonia)

Front 6

List the structure of the planet (4) (spheres)?

Back 6

1. geosphere- hard parts of planet.
2. hydrosphere- places with water
3. atmosphere- gas layer
4. biosphere- organisms living in and on earth.

Front 7

Name the characteristics of the core?

Back 7

A. The Core
-deep interior of earth
- high density (Fe, Ni)
- inner core 16g/cm3
- outer core 12g/cm3
- mean temp 5500 C

Front 8

Name the characteristics of the mantle? and what components make up the mantle?

Back 8

Mantle composed of
-rock layer outside of core
- 83% of earth's volume
- denisty is 4.5g/cm3 (lighter than core)
components are : athensophere, and lithosphere

Front 9

What is the asthenosphere?

Back 9

asthenes- frail in greek.
~ 700 km of MANTLE that is relatively plastic

Front 10

What is the lithospehre?

Back 10

hard outer layer of the mantle
lithos = rock

Front 11

What is the crust?

Back 11

outer shell of rock continent an ocean bottom <1% total volume

-oceanic crust 3-8km thick, predominatley basalt 2.9-3.0 g/cm3

-continental crust is up to 40km thick, granite, 2.7g/cm3 and crust floats on mantle

Front 12

What makes up the geosphere?

Back 12

A. CORE
B. MANTLE
C. CRUST

Front 13

What is the hydrosphere?

Back 13

Fresh water and salt surface waters

Front 14

Atmosphere?

Back 14

Surrounding layer of gases (N, O2, inert gases, water vapor, and CO2).

Front 15

What do stars have to do with the ocean?

Back 15

Most of substance on earth, its ocean, and all living things, was formed by stars.