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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are autotrophs?
create their own food from inorganic compounds by using an external source of energy.
What are heterotrophs?
cannot make organic compounds from inorganic compounds and must obtain organic matter as food.
What is primary production?
process of converting inorganic compounds to organic matter.
What is detritus?
by partial decomposition of dead organisms.
What is biomass?
the total amount of living matter, expressed in units of weight in the entire water column per unit area of water surface, or weight per unit of water volume.
What is chemosynthesis?
converting CO2 and water to organic matter by using energy from chemical reactions rather than light.
What are the different types of heterotrophs?
carnivores, omnivores, herbivores, detritivores
What is secondary production?
the production of animal biomass by plant eaters from their food.
What are decomposers?
obtain energy from organic particles or dissolved organic compounds, which they convert to carbon dioxide and water.
What is the photic zone?
Light to support photosynthesis is usually about 1%of intensity at the surface- restricted above 100 m of water column
What is the angle of incidence?
light intensity at any given depth is determined by the intensity of sunlight reaching the sea surface.
What does nutrient-limited mean?
growth of phytoplankton, marine algae, and other species can be limited by unavailability of a single essential element.
What is a limiting nutrient?
growth is slowed or prevented because the concentration of a particular element is too low.
what is remineralization?
the transformation of organic molecules into inorganic molecules
What are five factors affecting the distribution of coral?
1. bound to tropics by 20 degrees celsius
2.reef building corals have temp. optimum at 23-29 degrees celsius
3. salinity requirement is high ranging from 32-42 ppm
4. lgiht required to grow restricted to low level of tide
5. turbidity-almost totally absent turbid water- to avoid clogging when filter feeding
How do new reef forms?
when meroplankton attach to substrates
Where do corals not exist?
on western coasts of the US, SA, africa because regions of upwelling is bringing in cold water
What are the reef builder types?
stony corals, seawhips and fans, echinoderms, molluscs and brightly colored fish
What are the non-reef building coral types?
called branching and foliding colonies
firecoral
pipe coral
soft coral
What does hermatypic mean?
reef-building corals
What does ahermatypic mean?
non-reef building corals
What does symbiodiniuan mean?
hermatypical coral that share a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthella (dinoflagellates)
Increase of temp of 1 degree celsius will affect sound velocityhow?
will increase by about 4.5 m/s
What can determine the frequency of sound?
hydrophones
What is the use of sonar?
sound navigation and ranging
What is echosounding?
sending out pulse and measure time for it to be refracted
What is telemtetry?
can track how the organism is moving