Oceanography Exam # 4

Front 1

Celetiry

Back 1

the velocity of the wave form

Front 2

Consumers

Back 2

-herbivores: eat plants

-carnivores: eat other animals

-omnivores: eat plants and animals

-bacteriovores: eat bacteria

Front 3

Detritus

Back 3

dead remains and waste products

Front 4

Biogeochemical Cycles

Back 4

chemical parts of matter cycled through ecosystem

Front 5

Biomass

Back 5

the quantity of living matter per unit area per volume of water

Front 6

Two major food chains in the ocean

Back 6

-grazing food chain

-detritus food chain

Front 7

Only about 10-20% of _____ is transferred between trophic levels

Back 7

energy

Front 8

Fish from standing stock

Back 8

the mass present in the ecosystem at any time

Front 9

Overfishing

Back 9

fish stock harvested too rapidly, juveniles not mature enough to reproduce

Front 10

Reduction in (MSY)

Back 10

Maximum Sustainable Yield

Front 11

Waves

Back 11

undulatory motion of a water surface

Front 12

Wave Crest

Back 12

highest point of a wave

Front 13

Wave Trough

Back 13

lowest point of a wave

Front 14

Wave Height

Back 14

vertical distance between crest and trough

Front 15

Wave Length

Back 15

horizontal distance between two adjacent wave crests

Front 16

Wave Amplitude

Back 16

half of wave height, the distance the trough or crest distorts the level water surface

Front 17

Wave Period

Back 17

time required for two successive wave crests to pass a fixed point

Front 18

Progressive Waves

Back 18

move across the sea surface, don't break (mass doesn't move, only energy)

Front 19

Standing Waves

Back 19

oscillate about a fixed point

Front 20

Internal waves

Back 20

form within the water column on the pycnocline

Front 21

Most of the waves present on the ocean's surface are _____ generated

Back 21

wind

Front 22

As wind velocity ______, the wavelength, wave period, and wave height increase, but only if the wind duration and fetch are sufficiently long

Back 22

increases

Front 23

Fully Developed Sea

Back 23

wind-generated waves are as large as they can be under current wind velocity and fetch

Front 24

Significant Wave Height

Back 24

the average of the highest 1/3 of the waves present and a good indicator of potential for wave damage to ships and destruction to shorelines

Front 25

Water molecules move in a ____ motion as the wave passes

Back 25

orbital

Front 26

The diameter of the orbit:

Back 26

-increases with increasing wave size

-decreases with depth below the waters surface

Front 27

Deep-Water Wave

Back 27

water depth is greater than wave base

Front 28

Intermediate Water Wave

Back 28

water depth is between 1/2 and 1/20 of wavelength

Front 29

Shallow Water Wave

Back 29

water depth less than 1/20 of wavelength

Front 30

If the water is deeper than the wave base:

Back 30

orbits are circular;there is no interaction between the bottom and the wave

Front 31

If the water is shallower than the wave base:

Back 31

orbits are elliptical (flattened towards the bottom)

Front 32

Wavelength divided by Wave period

Back 32

C=L/T

Front 33

Fetch

Back 33

the area of contact between the wind and the water. Where wind generated waves begin

Front 34

Seas

Back 34

sea state of fetch when there is a chaotic jumble of new waves

Front 35

Wave Interference

Back 35

momentary interaction between waves as they pass through each other (constructive, destructive, or complex)

Front 36

Longer waves travel _____ than shorter waves

Back 36

faster

Front 37

As waves leave the ____ area, longer waves speed ahead of shorter ones

Back 37

fetch

Front 38

Waves become sorted by speed and wavelength is a process called _____

Back 38

dispersion

Front 39

Dispersion produces ______ (long, low, fast waves) that produces a regular up and down motion of the sea surface

Back 39

swell