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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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At sea level atmospheric pressure is equal to:
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760 mmHg or torr
or 1 atm (2100 pounds per ft^2) |
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How does pressure change with altitude.
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As altitude increases pressure decreases.
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Warm air...
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rises, drops water, is less dense and has low pressure.
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Cool air
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sinks, has high pressure, absorbs water, more dense.
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the cycle of warm air rising and cool air sinking is known as
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Convection
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Where is their less solar energy? why?
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in the polar regions of the earth.
light travels through more atmosphere, more energy is reflected, more dispersed (larger footprint) |
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Seasons are caused by
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Earth's tilt.
Tilt stays the same. Light rays from the sun are more direct during the summer and less direct in the winter. |
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Just like in the ocean, why are polar regions warmer than expected and equatorial areas cooler than expected?
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because warm equitorial air warms cooler air. Thermal energy is transfered to cooler regions.
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Heat is transfered from... (not hot to cold but...)
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areas of low to high lattitudes.
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How is heat transfered mostly? What else?
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2/3 of heat is transfered by atmospheric movement (wind) while 1/3 is transfered through the ocean.
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What is the principal of air mass movement?
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Wind travels from high pressure to low pressure and the steeper the gradient the faster the travel.
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Winds are named... how?
Currents are name... how? |
coming from ; going to
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What are isobars?
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lines surrounding high and low pressures where pressure is actually the same. Form concentric circles around the highest or lowest pressure.
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What causes the unque distruibution of deserts and rainforests?
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Deserts are common at 30N and 30S lines of lattitude because air is always sinking in these regions and therefore no water is dropped.
Rainforests are more common along the equator and 60N and 60S where hot air rises and drops water. |
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Which cell model best descirbes the movement of air on Earth?
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the 3-cell model.
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The effect of the Earth’s rotation on moving objects
(if they move great distance with little friction) |
Coriolis Effect.
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In the northern hemisphere, coriolis causes deflection to the... southern hemisphere?
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right ; left
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Where does the Coriolis effect maximize?
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At the poles.
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Because Earth is widest at the equator, the speed at the equator seems faster whereas the speed at the poles...
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is 0 km/hr because the rotation is around the axis at the pole.
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In reality does the object travel to the right or left?
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NO. in reality the projectile travels staright but the earth underneath it moves.
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When Coriolis is added to wind patterns, wind in the north is deflected... south?
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Right ; left (at about 45 degrees)
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From the north pole to the south pole, what are the names of the winds?
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Polar easterlies, Westerlies, NE tradewinds, SE tradewinds, Westerlies, Polar easterlies.
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Tradewinds
-blow where -blow in what direction -strong/weak winds? -also called |
5-30 degrees (NOT ON EQUATOR)
EAST STRONG Columbus' winds- as he used them to reach the "new world" |
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What wind blows at the equator?
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Doldrums
basically no wind (low pressure) |
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Why is florida not a desert?
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despite being near the 30N line, the Gulf stream current brings really warm water and a lot of moisture.
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its important to note all we are learning is the overall weather system, regional weather has other issues like...
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mountain ranges, higher heat capacity of land than water.
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the 3 cell model does not account for continents. During the winter what pressure system do we see over continents?
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high pressure in summer
low pressure in winter. |
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river of fast flowing air in upper troposphere 2 jet steams in each hemisphere
‘steers’ fronts and storms as it meanders Can move warm air up to the northern states or bring down colder/drier air to the Southern states. |
Jet Stream
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during the day, land heats up more than ocean
During the day the ocean breeze is onshore and at night the breeze is out to the ocean. Hot air rises (day) and breeze from cooler ocean sinks in to replace the hot air. At night, the cool land is colder than the ocean and so cold land air replaces warm air over ocean. |
Sea breeze
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a low-lying cloud (mostly when moist warm air cools)
Warm land air taken out to see at night and cooled. Then the fog (cooler air) replaces the heating land air during the day. |
Fog
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a seasonally consistent wind.
Highly heated land will take cool air (from the ocean). BRINGS LOTS OF RAIN! |
Monsoon
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What country are monsoons common in?
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India
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Intense low pressure systems that form in the tropics.
Ocean adds energy in form of vapor (latent heat of condensation). Low pressure sets up cyclonic (counter clockwise) flow pattern (N. Hem.) |
Hurricanes
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Coriolis steers hurricanes to the...
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right in the N. hemisphere also the westerlies tend to push it East at around 30N.
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