Oceanography

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Arthropoda

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phylum of animals that includes shrimp, lobsters and krill; world's most successful

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baleen

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interleaved, hard, fibrous filters within the mouth of baleen whales

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Carnivora

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order of mammals that include seals, sea lions, walruses, and sea otters

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cartilage

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tough, elastic tissue that stiffens or supports

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cephalopod

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class of phylum Mollusca that includes squid, octopuses, and nautiluses

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Cetacea

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order of mammals that includes porpoises, dolphins and whales

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chlorophyll

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pigment responsible for photosynhesis

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Chondrichthyes

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classes of fish with cartilaginous skeletons: sharks, skates, rays, chimaeras

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coccolithophore

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very small planktonic alga carrying discs of calcium carbonate

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dinoflagellate

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class of microscopic single-celled flagellates; responsible for "red tides"

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drag

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resistance to movement of an organism induced by fluid through which it swims

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echolocation

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use of reflected sound to detect environmental objects

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flagella

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whiplike structure used by some small organisms to move through the environment

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foraminiferan

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group of planktonic amoeba-like animals with a calcareous shell

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frustule

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siliceous external cell wall of a diatom with two interlocking valves fitted together

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gas exchange

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simultaneous passage through a semipermeable membrane of oxygen into an animal and CO2 out

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holoplankton

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permanent members of the plankton community

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krill

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thumb-size crustacean

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macroplankton

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animal plankters larger than 1 to 2 centimeters; jellyfish

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Mammalia

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class of mammals

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meroplankton

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planktonic phase of life cycle of organisms that spend only part of life drifting in plankton

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microbial loop

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feeding pathway where heterotrophic bacteria manufacture and consume dissolved organic carbon

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Mollusca

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phylum of animals that includes snails, clams, and octopuses

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nekton

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drifting organisms

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Osteichthyes

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class of fishes with bony skeletons

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pelagic

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realm of open water

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phytoplankton

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plantlike, single-celled members of plankton community

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picoplankton

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extremely small members of plankton community

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plankton

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drifting or weakly swimming organisms suspended in water

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plankton net

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conical net of fine nylon used to collect plankton

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salt gland

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tissue responsible for concentration and excretion of excess salt from blood and other body fluids

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schooling

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tendency of small fish of a single species, size, and age to mass in groups

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Sirenia

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order of mammals that includes manatees, dugongs, and extinct sea cows

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Teleostei

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order that contains cod, tuna, halibut, perch, and other bony fish

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valve

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in diatoms, each half of protective silica-rich outer portion of the cell

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vertebrate

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chordate with a segmented backbone

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zooplankton

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animal members of plankton community