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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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what has a singke nodeand two antinodes and a period of 120 secs
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fundamental mode of seiches
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what has 2 or more nodes, more than 1 antinode, and has a period of 40 to 60 secs
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harmonic modes of seiches
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where are the maxinum horizontal currents?
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nodes and antinodes
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equation for tides
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(time) /(number of nodes)
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tides time for galveston bay
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75 mins
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average height of a tsunami in the ocean?
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0.5m
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average depth of a tsunami in the ocean?
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4 km
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typical speeds of a tsunami in the ocean?
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441.4 mph
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what is the longest of all waves?
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tides
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what is the wave height and also can be tenths of meters to several meters
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tidal range
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low to high tides
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what body of water that the tidal range can go up to 15 meters
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bay of funday
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a tide that comes once daily
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diurnal tide
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a tide that comes twice daily
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semidiurnal
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tide that is irregular semidiurnal snd tidal range is unequal
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mixed tides
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tide with maximum tide range comes in 2 week intervals due to the linear alignment of the sun and moon
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spring tide
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tide with the minimum tide range that come in 2 week intervals due to the right angle alignment of the moon and sun
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neap tide
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tides during the 1st and 3rd moon
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neap tide
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tides during the full moon and half moon
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spring tide
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syandard elevation defined by phasebof the tide
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tidal datum or zero reference
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equilibrium theory of tides
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inertia is the same for oarticle in and on earth, gravitional attraction decreases as the squareof the distance from the moon, at the center of the earth the gravitational force is precisely equal in strength but opposite in direction of inertia
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center of mass of earth-moon system (CM)
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barycenter
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how gravitational and cetrifugal force are used to explain creation of two tidal bulges.
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gravitational force pulls inward and cetrifugal force pull outward, makes a greater bulge on. the moon side than the other, both forces are equal on ech bulge
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why is the barycenter in the mantle
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earth mass 81x the moon, in 1700 km into the mantle
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what tide are in high latitudes
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diurnal
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what tide are in mid latitude
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mixed
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what tide is in low latitude
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semidiurnal
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why dont you see the tide change on earth
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because of the effect of continents and bathymetry
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why does the moon rise 50 min later each day?
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because the moon rotates and extra 1/25 which equal 50 mins
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why does the sun only have 46% of tidal force?
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distance from the earth, the moon is closer to the earth than the sun
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what are the effects of the moon declination and orbital variation of tides?
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because tide-rising forces vary intensely twith the cube of the distance seperating the masses, the range fluctuate over time
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point of orbit where it is farthest from the sun
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aphelion
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opposite of perihelion
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point in orbit where it is farthe from the body
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apogee
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opposite of pedrigee
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point in orbit that it is closser to the sun
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perigee
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opposite of apogee
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point that is closer to the body
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perihelion
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NBA
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which of the following is tge sun directly above the equator
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autumnal equinox, vernal equinox,
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what is a marine coast
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secondary proceses is altered by waves
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what is a non marine coast
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primary processes is altered by terrestrial influences
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how to classify deltas
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when SEDs arrives to coast more than marine energy can redistribute, once fprmed it digitates or grows distributary branching channels
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example of a delta
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Mississippi river
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what controls long term sea level changes
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ocean volume, basins, temperature, isostacy, ENSO
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which long term level change is eustatic
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temp
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highest point, coarsest grains
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berm crest
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slopes back to dunes
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backshore
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what zone slopes toward water and a active zone
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foreshore
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what zone has breakers
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nearshore
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section of coast whete sand input is equal to sand output
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coadtal cell
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maximum wave setup occurs
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headland
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spacing between two rips equal
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the wavelength of a edgewave
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sand budget input
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longahore transport to the beach, river supply, cliff erosion, onshore transport
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sand budget output
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longshore transport out the beach, offshore transport, wind transportation
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low energy waves, reflective
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swell profile
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high steep swells, dissapative
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storm profile
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retreating coast, low land tectonics, submergent
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transgressive sea
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prograding, emerging, high land tectonics
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regressive sea
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possoble origins of barrier islands
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longshore extensions of sandpits, submerged sand ridges, sea level rised slowly
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how are estuaries classified
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fjord, bar builted, drowned river valley, tectonics
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types of estuaries
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salt wedged, well mixed, partislly mixed, reverse
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example of reverse estuary
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corpus christi
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exampke of partially mixed estuary
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Chesapeake Bay
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0-.5 salinity
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freshwater
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.5-3 salinity
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oligohaline brackish water
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3-10 salinity
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mesohaline brackish water
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10-17 salinity
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oligohaline saltwater
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17-30 salinity
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mesohaline saltwater
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34-38 salinity
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polyhaline saltwater
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over 38 salinity
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brine
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example of a feedback loop
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atm-co2-plant loop, dms-plant-cloud-loop
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all life have
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marine origin, and slightly saline
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how do feedback loops respond
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as a thermostat
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what are the major elements
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C, O, H, N
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what are the macro elements
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Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, I, Si
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what are the micro elements
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Fe, Cu, Zn
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what is the use for iron
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electron transport
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what is the use for sodium
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osmotic regulations
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what the is use for zinc
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nucleic acid replication
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life ia considered to have low or high entropy
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low
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which cycle is the limiting factor
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N
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when carbonn is fixed by autotrophs
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45% used for growth, 45% used for respiration, 10% is losted to DOC
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what os being fixed in the carbon cycle
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co2
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what is being fixed in the phosphate cycle
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silica
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what is being fixed in the nitrogen cycle
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N2
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forms of nitrogen found in the cycle
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n2, no2, no3, nh4,
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how does iron end up being so limiting
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its needed for photosynthesis, protein structure, enzymes for nitrogen fixation
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how does evolution impact the isolation of population
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smaller population have a more rapid rate of evolutionary change
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rank the six extinctions from worst to least
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ordovician, devonian, permian, triassic, cretaceous, eocene
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why ocean have less species than land
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temp, and more stable
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what are 2 favorable adv in marine algae
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max surface area, semipermiable wall
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example of bacteria
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cyanobacteria
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example of archaea
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methanococcus
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example of protista
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diatoms
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example of fungi
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mold, mushroom
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example of plantae
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fern, mosses
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examplw of animalia
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verts
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of the 7 factors which is the most fundamental
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temp
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classification order
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KPSCOFGS
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who handle temp swing better
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endotherms
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ratio of p to n
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1 to 16
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why is thete more co2 in the ocean the o2
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co2 is 1000x more soluble in ocean than atm
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what process cause ocean to increase fron 8 to 8.5
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photosynthesis
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what cause ocran to de rease from 8 to 7.5
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lack of photosynthesis
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in temperate latitude wht season change occur
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summer heat help stratification keep plankton near surface, breaks down in the fall, small bloom in fall, starts in spring, limited in winter
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less saline, low urine production, drinks seawater
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hypotonic
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osmotic water gain, more saline, high urine production
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hypertonic
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what mechanism has evolve marine fish t g at are denser than seawater
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gravity and buoyancy, gas bladders
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difference between cold and hot water plankton
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cols water offers more buoyant support
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type of drag
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suface, form, turbulent
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