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265 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glasgow coma eyes
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1-no opening
2-pain 3- auditory 4-spontaneous |
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glasgow coma speech
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1-none
2-sounds 3-inappropriate words 4- sentences, but confused 5- oriented |
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glasgow coma motor
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1-no movement
2- decerebrate (extension) to pain 3- decorticate (flexion) to pain 4- responds to pain by pulling away from stimulus 5- respondes to pain by localizing a response 6- obeys commands |
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Rancho Levels I-III
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I-no response, total a
II- generalized response, total a III- localized response, max a |
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Rancho levels IV-VI
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IV-confused, agitated, max A
V- confused, non-agitated, inappropriate, Max A VI-confused, appropriate, mod A |
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Rancho levels VII-X
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VII- Automatic, Appropriate min A adl
VIII- purposeful, appropriate, SBA IX- SBA prn X- mod I |
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normal heart rate
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a- 60-100
i- 120 |
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normal blood pressure
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a- 120/80
i-75/50 |
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normal respiratory rate
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a-12-20
i-40 |
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PaO2
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a- 80-100
i-75-80 |
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Pa Co2
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a-35-45
i-34-54 |
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pH
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a- 7.35-7.45
i-7.26- 7.41 |
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tidal volume
(lung breath capacity) |
a- 500
i-20 |
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pulse scale
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o- absent
1+ diminished, barely perceptible 2+ easily palpable, normal 3+ full pulse, increased strength 4+ bounding |
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edema scale
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1+ mild; barely perceptible, <1/4 in
2+ moderate; 15 s rebound, 1/4-1/2 in 3+ severe; 15-30 s rebound, 1/2 - 1 in 4+ very severe, >30 s rebound, >1 in |
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primary generalized seizure
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both sides of the brain
extensive |
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partial seizure
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one area of the brain
small, localized can still spread (secondary generalized) |
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tonic/clonic seizure
AKA grand mal |
tonic: drooling, drooping of muscles, incontinence
clonic: alternating rigidity and relaxation |
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myoclonic/akinetic seizure
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myclonic: brief involuntary jerking
akinetic: loss of tone |
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petite mal seizures
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4-12 years
LOC without loss of tone fluttering eyes and staring into space (boy at lakeside) |
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simple partial seizure
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abnormal electrical impulse
one muscle involuntarily jerking |
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complex partial or psychomotor seizure
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alterations in consciousness
dazed and confused automatic motions |
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infantile spasms
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head droops and arms extend
poor prognosis 100's/day |
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Lannaux Gestaut
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(ETHAN)
severe seizures around age 3 mental retardation, regressing back to developmental age |
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landau-kleffer
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progressive encepalopathy
loss of language use auditory agnosia |
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simple febrile seziure
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less than 10 minutes
mocks grand mal seizure |
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status epilepticus
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chronic or prolonged seizures
possible sudden death NOT epilepsy |
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neuropathic pain (general)
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caused by nervous system lesion
has SENSORY effects too |
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thalamic pain
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severe pain
contral lateral hemiplegic pain poor rehab potential stroke with ventral posterolateral thalamis |
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complex regional pain syndrome I
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pain maintained by efferent sympathetic NS
SYM hyperfunction causalgia, hypersensitivity to light touch caused by trauma |
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CRPS II
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pain along nerve
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radiculalgia-
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pain at root of nerve
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parasthesia
allodynia |
pain due to transected nerve
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shingles
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vesicular eruption
inflammation at root 10 d- 5 weeks occasionally includes motor weakness |
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postural stress syndrome
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chronic muscle lengthening/shortening
causes postural misalignment, stress to soft tissue |
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movement adaptation syndrome
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habituated movement dysfunction
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Jacobson's relaxation technique
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alternating contracting and relaxing specific muscles
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biofeedback
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mind body techniques to influence autonomic nervous system
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hand bones
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sam likes to push the toy car hard
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate |
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shoulder flexion
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anterior deltoid
coracobrachialis |
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shoulder abduction
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middle deltoid
supraspinatus |
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horizontal abduction
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posterior deltoid
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horizontal adduction
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pec major
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shoulder extension
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latissimus dorsi
teres major posterior deltoid |
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upward rotation
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trapezius
serratus anterior |
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downward rotation
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levator scapulae
rhomboids serratus anterior latissimus dorsi |
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scapular adduction
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middle trap
rhomboids |
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scapular abduction
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serratus anterior
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scapular elevation
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upper trap
levator scapulae |
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scapular depress
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lower trap
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dupuytren's contracture
ot intervention |
fascia becomes thick and contracted
flexion deformities (post surgery) wound care edema control... keep elevated extension splint (only remove when bathing) A/PROM scar management |
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skier's thumb
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rupture of UCL at MCP of thumb
4-6 week: thumb splint 6 weeks: AROM, pinch strength post surgery 6w: splint 8w: PRM 10w: strengthening |
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CRPS
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symptoms: pain, discoloration, edema, osteoporosis
intervention modalities (for pain) AROM splinting to prevent contractures edema management pain free ADL |
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CRPS AVOID OR CAUTION
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PROM or stretching
joint mobilization dynamic splinting casting |
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closed vs open
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closed: splint, cast
open (open reduction internal fixation ORIF): screws, pins, etc. |
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boxer fracture
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fracture of 5th MC
ulnar gutter splint |
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distal phalanx fracture
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may result in mallet finger
involves terminal extensor tendon |
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elbow fracture
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involvement of radial head may cause limited forearm movement
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humerus fracture x2
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greater tuberosity: rotator cuff injury
humeral shaft: radial n injured causing wrist drop |
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OT evaluations MUSTS for fracture
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edema
pain arom sensation DO NOT assess PROM unless ordered by a doctor |
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OT intervention for fracture
2 stages |
1. immobilization
AROM above and below edema control light ADL without resistance 2. mobilization edema: add contrast bath AROM positioning strengthening begins with isometrics |
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which fracture begins with PROM and AAROM?
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humerus
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cumulative trauma disorders
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dequervains
lateral/medial epicondilitis trigger finger |
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deQuervain's
cause test treatment |
tenosynovitis of APL and EPB
causes pain, swelling on radial styloid thumb spica AROM of joints ice massage of radial wrist 0-2 spica 2-6 strengthening |
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Lateral/medial epicondylitis |
tenosynovitis of lateral/medial epic lateral: overuse of extensors, tennis elbow medial: overuse of wrist flexors, golfer's elbow wrist/elbow straps ice/deep massage stretching work modification |
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trigger finger |
tenosynovitis of finger flexor splint mcp flexion, ip free scar management and edema tendon gliding AVOID HANDLES FAR APART AND REPETITIVE GRIP |
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what is the first ot focus after tendon repair? what are ot goals after tendon repair? |
EARLY MOBILIZATION prevents adhesion and promotes healing increase of strength, ROM, tendon excursion, prevent adhesion |
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what are the Kleinart and Duran protocols used for?
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flexor tendon repairs |
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Kleinert protocol |
RUBBER BAND SPLINT 0-4: dorsal block splint wrist 20-30 flexion MCP 50-60 flexion IP extension 4-7: wrist in neutral scar management 6-8 tendon glides, AROM discharge splint 8-12: strengthening |
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Duran protocol
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0-4 1/2: dorsal block splint passive PIP, DIP, DCP flexion (10 reps/hr) 4 1/2-6: active flexion/extension in splint 6-8 tendon glides and scar management 8-12: strengthening |
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beneficience |
concern for patient safety and well being |
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nonmaleficience |
refrain from actions that cause harm |
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autonomy and confidentiality |
respecting patient's right to self determination |
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social justice |
provide service in a fair and equitable manner |
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procedural justice |
comply with laws |
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veracity |
provide comprehensive, accurate, objective information when representing the profession |
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fidelity |
treat colleagues and other professionals with respect fairness discretion and integrity |
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ethical distress vs ethical dilemma |
distress: you know what's right, but there's a barrier dilemma: there are 2 or more morally correct choices but you have to choose |
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who determines scope of practice |
state regulatory board |
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reprimand censure ineligibility probation suspension revocation |
reprimand: private communication censure: public communication ineligibility: removal of eligibility for licensure probation: meet certain conditions before can practice again suspension: specified time revocation: no license ever |
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SUPERVISION close routine general minimal |
close: daily, direct routine: direct, every two weeks general: direct monthly minimal: prn |
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who determines level of supervision |
OT depends on OTA level of competency |
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difference between supervisor and administrator |
supervisor OT or OTA; daily operations OT oversees protocol or documentation administrator manages SERVICES OT with management degree |
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intradisciplinary |
all ot limited perspective |
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multidisciplinary |
all professions working alone some communication competition ACUTE CARE |
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interdisciplinary |
all collaborate evaluation, intervention is independent work toward common goal INPATIENT |
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transdisciplinary |
shared decisions role blurring eval and intervention planned together TIMBER RIDGE |
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biomedical engineer |
technical expert develops, designs, fabricates equipment |
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certified orthotist |
designs, fabricates orthosis can be pt, ot |
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expressive/creative artist |
facilitate self expression, self-awareness, social skills, symptom reduction and management |
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physiatrist |
physicial with specialty in physical medicine and rehabilitation leads rehab team musculoskeletal, neurological, CV, pulmonary |
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what is OSHA's primary interest |
structures/building codes safety i.e. infectious materials |
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capitation |
monthly amount paid to provider regardless of healthcare provided * set fee that inpatient hospital gets |
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clinical/critical pathway |
standard intervention protocol for diagnosis |
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deductible |
how much patient pays before insurance |
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diagnostic related group DRG |
determines payment level |
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HMO PPO |
can only see doctors in that network ppo is similar but with more options |
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treatment authoization request tar |
document need and rationale for treatment |
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medicare eligibility |
65 or older end stage renal disease/permanent kidney failure long term disability who have 24 months of assistance retired railroad workers |
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medicare part a |
inpatient, SNF, home health, rehab, hospice receive DRG: fixed rate for diagnosis |
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part b |
hospital outpatient must be PURCHASED 20% copayment |
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when does medicare cover DME |
if used in home and medically necessary need diagnosis, prognosis, and rationale items used by others NOT reimbursed i.e. grab bars, shower chair |
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SMART |
specific measurable attainable relevant timely |
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SOAP |
subjective objective assessment plan |
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icd-9 |
diagnosis code |
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cpt code |
ervice
s |
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g-code |
primary issues being addressed |
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sub-acute care/intermediate care |
not bad enough for acute, but not ready for outpatient LOS-5-30 days in depth assessment |
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LTAC |
chronic or catastrophic illness needs serious support or life support LOS 25+ days OT focus on prevention of complication (ie positioning) cognition |
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early intervention |
seen if there's a 33% delay in one area, 25% in 2 areas 6 month reviews |
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prevocational program focus |
focuses on work skills, interactions, work habits d/c to vocational program or work |
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quasi experimental research |
independent variable is manipulated no randomization bc it's unethical to withhold treatment |
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non-experimental research |
looks at potential relationship
cannot establish cause and effect |
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phenomenological |
studey of one or more persons |
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ethnographic |
patterns and characteristics of a cultural group |
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heuristic |
complete involvement of researcher into phenomena understand human experience |
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case study |
a siingls subject or group investigated in depth |
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what qualifies rigor of qualitative research |
credibility transferability dependability confirmatbility |
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systematic v stratified |
systematic: selected at intervals stratified: chosen by characteristic |
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type i and ii errors |
i: null hypothesis is rejected, but it's true ii: null hypothesis accepted but it's not true |
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cardiac output |
blood ejected per minute |
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stroke colume |
blood ejected per heart beat |
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ejection fraction
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percent of blood ejected from ventricle in systole
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stable, unstable, variant angina |
stable: pain during exercise, eases at rest unstable: pain during rest more likely to escalate and cause sudden death variant: vasospasm of coronary artery |
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L ventricle failure symptoms pulmonary congestion |
(blood not getting to lungs) SOB, dry cough orthopnea sleep dyspnea wheezing |
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L ventricle failure symptoms low output |
(not getting blood to lungs) hypotension tachycardia dizzy hypoxia fatigue poor tolerance enlarged heart |
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R ventricle failure symptoms pulmonary congestion |
blood not returned to the heart edema weight gain ascites: fluid liver engorgement |
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R ventricle failure symptoms low output |
anorexia cyanosis R quadrant pain |
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functional capacity class I-IV |
I: no limitation II: slight limitation, comfortable at rest III: marked limitation, slight activity fatigue IV: cannot be physically active without discomfort |
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heart failure classification class A-D |
A: no evidence, no symptoms B: objective evidence, mild symptoms C: moderate- marked limitation D: severe limitations even at rest |
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angioplasty |
catheter placed in femoral artery winds to cornary artery and opens a balloon to open space up improves blood flow and angina relief |
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heterotrophic vs orthotrophic transplantation |
hetero: leaving heart and putting in new ortho: removing heart and putting in new |
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occlusive peripheral artery disease |
diminished blood supply due to artery occlusion early: burning, aching, tight, cramp *relieved with rest late: pain w/ rest, muscle atrophy LE primarily |
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thromboangitis obliterans (buerger's) |
chronic inflammatory occlusion of small arteries young male smokers distal UE pain, parasthesia, cold hands |
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Raynaud's |
episodic spasm of small arteries VASOCONSTRICTION exposure to cold, emotional stress cyanosis, numb, tingling |
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superficial vein thrombophlebitis |
clot and inflammation localized pain |
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chronic venous insufficiency |
leg edema scaly, itchy |
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lymphedema |
primary: congenital, abnormal node secondary: acquired, injury to system triggers inactivity, high pressure, weight gain, hyperemia, hypoproteinemia |
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3 stages of lymphedema |
1. reversible: soft and pitting 2. spontaneously irreversible: swelling, risk of infection 3. elephantiasis: extreme change in skin |
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inspiration muscles forced inspiration muscles |
diaphragm pulls downward intercostals pull upward SCM, scalene, levator, serratus trap, pec |
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expiratory muscles forsced expiratory muscles |
passive relaxation of inspiratory muscles quadratus lumborum, intercostals, rectus abdominus |
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bacterial pneumonia gram +/- |
infection in alveloi gram + community acquired gram -host has underlying condition (necrosis or abscess) |
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viral pneumonia
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interstital, interalvelolar inflammation
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aspiration pneumonia |
aspirated material causes inflammation common with dysphagia |
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pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) |
infection caused by fungus host is already immunocomprimised HIV, transplant |
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
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SARS caused by coronavirus from china |
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symptoms of TB |
bad cough chest pain blood in phlegm weakness weight loss chills |
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TB can spread to other body parts like... |
kidney dysfunction vertebral collapse brain: stroke like symptoms bacterial infection |
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chronic obstructive disease COPD |
poor expiratory flow rates peripheral airways inflammation |
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emphysema |
abnormal enlatgement to areas surrounding terminal bronchioles loss of parenchyma...flexibility dyspnea, wheezing, prolonged experiation |
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asthma
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increase of reactivity of trachea and bronchi wheezing, dyspnea, chest pain narrowing of airways due to increased secretions |
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claudication |
pain caused by lack of blood flow |
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pulmonary emboli |
thrombus from venous circulation lodges in pulmonary circulation |
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pleural effusion |
fluid between visceral and parietal pleura |
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atelectasis |
collapsed or airless alveolar pathway |
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breathing exercises |
abdominal diaphragmatic: strengthens diaphragm, decreases need of neck/shoulder muscles pursed lip: controls respiratory rate, decreased rate of breathing, removes trapped air from lungs |
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contraindications for working with people with respiratory issues |
sob chest pain nausea/vomiting dizziness/fatigue decrease in systolic >20 mmHg avoid oerhead, stretch/pull wiht lateral arm movement |
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what level MET can activities begin? sex? |
4-5 5-6 |
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CPR basics |
CAB: compression, airway, breathing 100 compressions/minute 30:2 compressions:breath |
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what do you do if someone starts externally bleeding out? |
elevate the area apply pressure to femoral artery, brachial artery |
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internal bleeding signs |
ecchymosis (black and blue) blue, gray, pale skin respiration/heartrate elevated blood pressure down |
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RICE |
rest ice compression elevation |
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signs of going into shock |
shock=blood shunted to periphery to main pale, gray, blue skin increased pulse and respiratory rate decreased blood pressure unconscious |
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cystic fibrosis |
inherited chronic progressive abnormal mucus mucus clogs lungs, pancreas can't absorb food OT positioning for postural drainage |
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respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) |
preamture birth insufficient surfactant to keep alveoli open lung collapse after each breath functional loss b/c they are likely to hemorrhage |
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bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) |
due to barotrauma walls thicken, making oxygen exchange hard hypotonia, GM delay, poor activity tolerance |
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superficial first degree burn |
burns epidermis 3-7 days to heal |
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superficial partial thickness burn 2nd |
burns epidermis and layer of dermis red, blistering, wet 1-3 weeks to heal |
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deep partial thickness burn 2nd |
epidermis and deep dermis
hair follicles and sweat glands red, white, elastic 3-4 weeks sensation may be impaired may be infected and convert to full thickness |
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full thickness burn 3rd |
epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings white, waxy, non-elastic sensation is absent SKIN GRAFT hypertrophic scarring months to heal |
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superficial and deep partial-thickness burn eval intervention |
72 hours post-op ROM sensation and strength when healed wound care, debridement, sterile whirlpool AROM, PROM to tolerance edema and splinting |
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full thickness burn eval intervention |
** requires grafting ROM 5-7 days post op sensation/strength when healed splint at all times AROM, sterile whirlpool PROM massage when healed compression garments and otoform/elastomer inserts |
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anterior neck burn contracture tendency positioning |
flexion remove pillow neck extension splint or collar |
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axilla burn contracture tendency positioning |
adduction 120 degrees abduction with slight EX RO using pillows or wedge **Watch for signs of brachial plexus strain |
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dorsal wrist burn contracture tendency positioning volar |
wrist extension; wrist splint in neutral wrist flexion; wrist splint in 5-10 flexion |
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hand dorsal burn |
claw hand deformity resting pan |
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hand volar burn
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palmar contracture palm extension splint (all fingers are separated) |
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hip anterior burn |
hip flexion prone positioning weights on thigh in supine knee immobilizers |
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knee burn |
knee flexion knee extension positioning **prevent external rotation b/c of peroneal n |
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foot burn |
foot drop ankle at 90 with foot board **watch for heel ulcers |
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hypertrophic scar |
second and third degree burns when wound heals, but could be up to a few years to mature compression garments worn 24/7 |
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myofascial pain syndrome |
persistent, deep aching in muscles well defined, highly sensitive trigger points |
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fibromyalgia |
musculoskeletal pain and fatigue tenderness of muscle, soft tissue |
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MACS gross motor |
I: walks without limitations II: walks without AD, difficulty in community/outside III: walks with AD, difficulty in community/outside IV: self-mobility limitations; uses power mobility in community/outside V: self mobility limitations, even with assistive technology |
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MACS fine motor |
I: handles objects easily and successfully II: handles most objects, reduced quality/speed III: handles objects w difficulty, needs help to prepare/modify IV: handles limited selection of easily managed objects in adapted situation V: does not handle objects |
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middle cerebral artery strokes |
contralateral hemiplegia hemianesthesia homonymous hemianopia aphasia apraxia unilateral neglect spatial dysfunction |
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anterior cerebral artery stroke |
contra hemiplegia grasp reflex incontinence confusion apathy mutism |
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posterior cerebral artery stroke |
homonymous hemianopia thalamic pain hemisensory loss alexia |
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vertebrobasilar stroke |
dysarthria dysphasia emotional instrability tetraplegia |
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ASIA |
A= complete, no S/M B=incomplete, S but no M C=incomplete, motor preserved but <3/5 D= in complete, motor preserved but >3/5 E=normal |
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central cord syndrome |
hyperextension UE issues |
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brown sequard syndrome |
hemisection ipsilateral paralysis position sense discriminative touch contralateral loss of pain thermal sense |
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anterior cord |
flexion injury BILATERAL motor function pain pinprick temperature preserved: proprioception, light tough |
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posterior cord |
proprioception lost motor function mostly preserved |
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conus medullaris |
LE motor/sensory loss areflexic bowel and bladder |
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cauda equina syndrome |
L1 injury LMN lesion flaccid paralysis areflexic bowel w/o spinal reflex |
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autonomic dysreflexia |
EMERGENCY if continues once stimuli removed noxious stimuli causes increased blood pressure, pounding headache, profuse sweating identify stimulus and remove prevent with pressure relief, intermittent catheterization |
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cerebral palsy diagnosis |
non progressive but deformities/contractures usually diagnosed at 1 year hypotonia turns to spasticity primitive reflexes stay into adulthood |
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spastic cerebral palsy |
motor cortex lesion flexor/extensor imbalance hypertonia hyperreflexia |
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dyskinetic cerebral palsy |
basal ganglia lesion dystonia= excessive/inadequate m. tone athetosis= involuntary writhing chorea= spasmodic, involuntary, more proximal, lack of cocontractors |
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ataxic cerebral palsy |
lesion in cerebellum hypotonia lack of stability cocontraction difficult b/c of primitive reflexes |
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cerebral palsy common complications |
seizures language/cognitive deficits visual impairments feeding disturbances |
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medications for cerebral palsy |
benzodiazapine: anti-spasticity baclofen pumps: reduce tremors botox: relax muscle, decrease stiffness dorsal rhizotomy: dec contractures, improve movement |
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myoclonus |
brief, rapid contraction |
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chorea |
brief, purposeless, involuntary |
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hemiballismus |
throwing extremities |
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parkinson's |
hypokinetic CNS movement disorder degeneration of dopamine gateways SYMPTOMS pill rolling one hand tremor rigidity cogwheel, lead pipe retropulsion, propulsion |
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superficial thermal heat |
paraffin hot pack fluidotherapy |
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mechanotherapy |
ultrasound whirlpool |
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types of heat transfer |
conduction: direct contact hot pack, whirlpool, paraffin (1cm) convection: intermediary whirlpool radiation: no physical contact, laser conversion: ultrasound (4-5 cm) |
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heat precautions/contras |
post surgical repairs acute injuries impaired sensation impaired vascular supply |
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hot packs |
165 4 layers of towel check after 5 minutes, leave up to 20 |
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paraffin |
125 dip hand 8-12 times wrap in cellophane then towel |
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fluidotherapy |
102-120 adjust blowers 20 minutes |
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whirlpool |
to clean and debride wounds 100-110 if burns, set at body temperature |
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cryotherapy uses |
controls edema decreases abnormal tone facilitiates muscle tone slows nerve conduction which decreases spindle fiber velocity, decreasing spasticity and guarding |
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precautions for cryotherapy |
sensory issues: hypersensitivity impaired circulation Raynaud's |
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e-stim |
decreases swelling stimulates denervated msucle stimulates and strengthens muscles |
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estim contras |
cardiac pacemaker phrenic or urinary stimulators thrombosis or thrombophlebitis over cardiac sinus |
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continuous ultrasound benefits |
***thermal increases joint extensibilitiy reduces pain increased blood flow and tissue permeability reduced muscle spasm reaches deeper tissue (5 cm) |
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pulsed ultrasound |
decreased inflammation heals tissue |
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contras for ultrasound |
malignant tumor pregnancy area near pacemaker thrombophlebitis |
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precautions for ultrasound |
fracture growth plate breast implant |
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consciousness |
state of awareness that responds to external stimuli |
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delirium |
acute, reversible disoriented reaction ie confusion, aggression inability to attend |
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sundowner syndrome |
afternoon, night with dementia confusion, ataxia, agitation caused by medication or orientation change |
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mood vs emotion vs affect |
mood: pervasive, sustained emotion *lability is often called mood swings emotion: feeling STATE affect: OBSERVABLE component |
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flat blunted restricted affect |
flat: none blunted: severe lack restricted: a little more than blunted |
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echopraxia |
meaningless imitation of movement |
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psychomotor agitation psychomotor retardation |
excessive activity that is nonproductive *internal cause decreased or slow activity |
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akathisia |
restless urgent need for movement usually medication caused |
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circumstantiality |
speech delayed in reaching the point excessive details |
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flight of ideas |
rapid shifts in thought |
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loosening of associations |
unrelated and unconnected ideas |
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pressured speech |
rapid and increased |
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poverty of speech
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limited speaking |
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hallucination vs illusion |
hallucination: false sensory perception, not in response to external stimuli illusion: misinterpretation of sensory stimuli |
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agnosia |
inability to understand and interpret sensory input |
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adiadokinesia |
inability to make rapidly alternating movements |
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fugue |
depersonalization where person takes on new identity and has amnesia about old |
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dissociative identity |
two or more personalities |
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memory |
immediate: seconds, minutes recent: past few days recent past: months remote :LTM |
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procedural declarative semantic episodic |
procedural: automatic sequence, conditioned response declarative: facts semantic: meaning and classification episodic: personal experiences |
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global assessment of functioning (GAF) |
clinicials assessment of psychological, social and occupational function 0= not enough info to evaluated 100= superior level of function, no mh |
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schizophrenia |
includes delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonia, anhedonia, alogia, aneria |
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paranoid schizophrenia |
delusions of grandeur or persecution auditory hallucinations common fewer negative symptoms |
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disorganized |
primitive, disinhibited, disorganized behavior |
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schizophreniform |
meets schizophrenia criteria
1 month-6 month |
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schizoaffective |
major depressive, manic, or mixed episode |
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antipsychotic effects |
blurry vision, photosensitivity orthostatic hypotension parkinsonism, dystonia, akathisia |
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antipsychotics complications |
neuroleptic malignant syndrome *leads to convulsions and coma tardive dyskinesia *irregular body movement neuroleptic induced parkinsonism |
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bipolar i and ii |
i: manic episodes possibly w/ depression syndromes ii: depressive episodes with hypomanic no manic in bipolar ii |
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dysthymia cyclothymia |
at least 2 years of depression periods of hypomanic and depressive |
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manic episode |
abnormally, persistently elevated hard to treat due to denail go from euphoric to aggressive |
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manic treatments |
mood stabilizers *monitor blood levels anticonvulsants |
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MAOI major issue |
no tyranine allowed severe headaches could be hypertensive crisis |
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ECT |
used to treat depression produces memory loss/confusion |
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substance dependence vs. abuse |
dependence: evidence of tolerance, withdrawal abuse: continued use despite negative consequences *methadone for dependence |
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personality disorder clusters |
*inflexible, maladaptive behavior A: paranoid, schizoid (odd, eccentric) B: antisocial, borderline (dramatic, emotional) C: avoidant, dependent, OCD (anxious, fearful) |
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schizoid |
social withdrawal
discomfort with human interaction eccentric, lonely, isolated |
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schizotypal |
magical thinking, peculiar ideas, derealization
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antisocial |
antisocial OR criminal acts inability to conform to social norms lack remorse no regard for others' safety |
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borderline personality |
unstable affect, mood, behavior, self image fear of abandonment self-destructive, self-mutiliating behavior DBT great treatment |
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histrionic |
colorful, dramatic, extroverted behavior inability to maintain deep, long-lasting attachments |
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avoidant |
extreme sensitivity to rejection show desire for companionship, but see themselves as inept or unworthy NEED UNCRITICAL ACCEPTANCE |
