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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: Pneumoconiosis.
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Describes non neoplastic reaction of the lungs to inhaled dust particles, this excludes asthma, bronchitis and emphysema.
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What are the common causes of pneumoconiosis ?
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1. Coal dust
2. Silica 3. Asbestos |
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Discuss the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of pneumoconiosis.
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A small particle is inhaled. It penetrates the alveoli where it is taken up by macrophages which results in the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Fibroplasts then proliferate resulting in fibrosis.
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What is the cause of silicosis ?
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Inhalation of silica dioxide.
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True or false: Silicosis appears in highly exposed workers.
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True.
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Which occupations are at high risk for developing silicosis ?
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1. Miners or tunnelers
2. Sandblasters 3. Tombstone markers 4. Millers 5. Potters 6. Quarry workers |
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Discuss the pathology of silicosis.
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The presence of silicosis nodules in the upper lung fields and near the hila.
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What are the complications of silicosis ?
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1. Pneumothorax
2. Cor pulmonale 3. Respiratory failure |
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What are the high risk occupations for developing asbestosis ?
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1. Construction
2. Motor car industry 3. Filters 4. Textile industry 5. Boat building 6. Destruction of old buildings |
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Discuss the clinical picture of asbestosis.
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Benign pleural disease:
1. Pleural plaques 2. Diffuse pleural thickening ILD: Asbestosis. Malignancy: 1. Lung cancer 2. mesothelioma |
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True or false: Asbestosis is histologically diagnosed.
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False. It is diagnosed clinically and radiologically.
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True or false: Lung malignancy is histologically diagnosed.
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True.
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True or false: Pneomoconiosis, in general, does not have any association with TB.
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False. Silicosis is associated with pulmonary TB.
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Discuss the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of rhinitis and laryngitis (wtih regards to occupational exposure).
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Large particles are deposited in the nose, pharynx and larynx. More soluble gasses are absorbed by the upper respiratory tract mucous membranes, causing edema and mucus hypersecretion.
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Discuss the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis (wtih regards to occupational exposure).
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Small particles and fine fibers are deposited in bronchioles and bifurcations of alveolar ducts. Less soluble gasses penetrate to deeper small airways.
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Discuss the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (wtih regards to occupational exposure).
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Small particles and fibers are deposited in terminal bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli. penetration to the interstitium results in fibrosis and the formation of granulomas.
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