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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is occlusion? |
contact relationship between teeth in the same arch and between the maxilla and mandible when the mouth is closed |
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when does occlusion develop? |
with primary teeth
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what is occlusion affected by? |
associated musculature neuromuscular patterns TMJ function |
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what can affect the function of teeth and peridontium? |
teeth out of alignment |
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when are teeth relatively self cleansing? |
when they are properly aligned |
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what will mouth breathers need? |
braces |
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what must dental treatment consider regarding occlusion? |
trauma |
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can teeth withstand stress? |
yes, a lot |
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what does excessive stress come from? |
parafunctional habits malalignment injury |
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What kind of occlusion is rare? |
normal |
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what kind of occlusion should be used as the standard? |
centric |
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what is centric occlusion? |
the habitual way you bite that allows maximum contact when teeth occlude |
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in centric occlusion, where do most people have discrepancies? |
between max and and or TMJ |
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normally, how many teeth does each tooth occlude with? |
2 teeth |
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what does a tooth occluding with 2 teeth prevent? |
supraeruption |
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what is overjet? |
the horizontal amount that maxillary teeth overhang mandibular teeth |
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how is overjet measured? |
in mm. with probe perpendicular to teeth in centric occlusion from labial of mandibular incisor to lingual of maxillary incisor |
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what is overbite? |
the vertical amount that maxillary teeth overhang mandibular teeth |
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how is overbite measured at CSN? |
mild moderate severe |
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who is overbite more common in? |
females |
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what are contact areas? |
proximal surfaces where teeth abut |
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what is the function of contact areas? |
protect gingiva and papilla stabilize teeth |
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What do open contacts allow? |
food impaction |
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what should dental restorations include? |
good contact areas |
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what are the anterior teeth shaped like in the arch? |
a curved line |
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what tooth functions as arch supports? |
canines and 1st molars |
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what are the middle and posterior teeth shaped like in the arch? |
straight line |
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What are primate spaces? |
diastemas between primary teeth that allow space for larger permanent teeth |
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what primary space is most important? |
space for 1st mandibular molar |
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when can evaluation of anterior spacing be done? |
age 7 - 8 |
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what is leeway space? |
the space that occurs when primary molars are replaced by primolars |
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which tooth is bigger: primary molar or permanent premolar? |
primary molar |
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what is important for space maintenance in the arch development? |
sequence |
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what reduces arch length over time? |
attrition |
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what is phase 1 of development? |
when permanent first molars erupt |
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what happens with phase 1? |
adds to chewing function supports jaw |
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what is phase 2? |
permanent anterior centrals and laterals erupt |
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what is phase 3? |
premolar eruption |
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what happens in phase 3? |
leeway space |
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what is phase 4? |
canines erupt wedged between laterals and premolars |
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what is phase 5? |
final phase - 3rd molars erupt |
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what is the curve of speed? |
curve on posterior arches |
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what is the curve of wilson? |
lateral curve of occlusal table formed by lingual inclination of posterior teeth (lingual cusps lower than buccal) |
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what are the curves of teeth? |
each 1/3 of a tooth has a curve |
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what is the root axis line (RAL)? |
long axis of tooth lines up with compressive forces that the tooth will experience |
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define escapement spaces |
the features that allow food to escape during mastication |
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what are the escapement spaces? |
cusps ridges fossa sulci grooves embrasures |
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what are the 3 areas of centric contacts? |
height of cusp contour marginal ridges central fossae |
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what are the supporting cusps of centric stops? |
LUBL (lingual uppers, buccal lowers) |
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how do you check centric stops? |
with articulating paper |
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when can centric stops change? what else does it change? |
with attrition golden proportion of vertical dimension |
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what is centric relation? |
when mandible is most retruded position that clinician can achieve. |
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where should centric relation be placed? |
within 1 mm of centric occlusion |
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what are premature contacts ? |
shift from centric relation to centric occlsion |
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what is lateral occlusion? |
lateral movement until canines are cusp to cusp |
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what other contacts are made during lateral occlusion? |
none |
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what happens if the canines are too worn for lateral occlusion? |
there is group function of posterior teeth |
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what is the working side? |
the side that touches |
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what is the balancing side? |
the teeth that don't touch |
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what is balancing interference? |
when teeth on balancing side meet |
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what is protrusive occlusion? |
mandible is moved forward so centrals and laterals meet edge to edge |
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What is BULL? |
the non working cusps (buccal upper, lower lingual) |
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what is mandibular rest position? |
interocclusal clearance or freeway space |
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how big is freeway space? |
2-3mm between max and mand occlusal surface |
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what does lack of freeway space result in? |
bruxism |
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what is malocclusion? |
lack of ideal centric occlusion |
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what percent of population has malocclusion? |
80% |
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what is affected from malocclusion? |
appearance oral hygiene |
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how is malocclusion corrected? |
orthodontics
speech therapists |
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what is angles classification of malocclusion based on? |
molars and canines of permanent dentition |
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what is class 1 occlusion? |
ideal relationship MB cusp of max occludes with MB groove of mand max canines occludes with distal half of mand canine |
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what is mesognathic profile? |
flat or straight |
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what profile is associated with class 1 malocclusion? |
mesognathic |
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what can appear with Class 1 malocclusion? |
crowding of anteriors or diastema |
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what is class 2 malocclusion? |
MB cusp of max occludes mesial to MB groove of mand distal mand canine is distal to mesial max canine |
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what is class 2 division 1? |
max anteriors excessively protrude may have overbite v shaped palate retrognathic profile |
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what is retrognathic profile? |
protruding upper lip, recessive mandible and chin |
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what is class 2 division 2? |
molars are class 2 laterals tip labially deep overbite normal palate mesognathic profile |
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what is class 3 malocclusion? |
MB cusp of max occludes distal to MB groove of mand distal mand canine is mesial to mesial surface of max canine |
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what percent of people have class 3? |
5-10% |
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what appears with class 3 malocclusion? |
mand incisors in crossbite prognathic profile |
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what are subdivisions of malocclusion? |
when classifications are asymmetrical |
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what is primary occlusion? |
ideal canine relationship molars are in terminal plane |
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what is flush terminal plane? |
max and mand 2nd molar are end to end |
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what is mesial step? |
mandibular 2nd molar is mesial to max molar |
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what does a flush terminal plane and mesial step allow? |
correct spacing for eruption of permanent molars |
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what is distal step? |
malocclusion- mand 2nd molar is distal to max 2nd molar
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what does distal step do? |
incorrect permanent molar placement |
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define parafunctional habits |
chronic use of movements that are not within normal range for mastication, speech or respiration |
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what are parafunctional habits? |
clenching bruxism abfraction thumb sucking |
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how are habits fixed? |
retraining appliances relaxation techniques speech therapy |
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what is bruxism? |
grinding that causes attrition |
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what is abfraction? |
controversial theory that dentinal tubules pop out of teeth if exposed due to occlusal forces |
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what does thumb sucking cause? |
open bite vaulted palate callous on thumb |
