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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is an animal
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mostly multicellular organism that consumes food and is able to move
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How many animals in ocean
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>100,000
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What kingdom are most unicellular animal -like organisms found
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protista
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The process by which organisms use food to preform their life activities is called
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nutrition
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The basic nutrients needed by animals to survive are
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starches--sugars--fats--minerals--vitanims--water--protein
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The process by which animals process and by which they break down and utilize nutrients is called
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metabolism
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The consumption of food by animals makes them
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heterotrophs
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2 nutrients that are needed by animals to derive energy
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sugars & starches
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Sugars and starches comprise?
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carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates are composed of
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C,H,O
with a ratio of 2:1 for H:O |
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Organic compounds must have
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a carbon
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Glucose when not being used is stored as
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starch
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The chemical reaction in which a sugar is changed into a starch is called
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dehydration synthesis
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The chemical reaction that changes starch back into glucose is
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hydrolysis
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Dehydration occurs during
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growth
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hydrolysis occurs
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when food is digested
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A protein that regulates the speed of a chemical reaction w/o itself being changed
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enzyme
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these are hi energy nutrients
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fats and oils-----lipids
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These are needed for the growth and repair of cells
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proteins--amino acids
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There are how many amino acids
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20
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Is NaCl organic or in organic and why
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inorganic bec/ no C
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These are lelements and compounds found in soil and water (lacking C)
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minerals
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Found in red blood cells, used to carry oxygen to and CO2 from cells
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iron
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needed for growth of teeth and bones
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calcium
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This is found in the walls of diatoms
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silica
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A lack of this vitamin causes scurvy
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Vitamin C
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A lack of Vitamin C causes
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Scurvy
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This vitamin is produced when ultra violet light reacts w/ the fat located under the skin of marine mammals
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vitamin D
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Most abundant nutrient in body
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H2O
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What % of jelly fish are water
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95%
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Animals that float or drift in the ocean
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plankton
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Plankton means
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wanderers
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These include the unicellular protists and multicellular organisms such as jeely fish
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plankton
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Plantlke plankton that contian chlorrphyll
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phytoplankton
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Animal like plankton
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zooplankton
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Largest of plankton species
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jellyfish
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What 2 groups are zoo plankton divided into
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holoplakton --stay plakton entire life
and mero plankton--plankton only part of life |
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Foraminiferan means
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hole bearing
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These die and fall to the bottom of the ocean where they form a sediment
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foraminiferans
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White cliffs of Dover are composed of
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foraminifera
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Name 2 different permanent zooplankton
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formaminifera and radiolarian
also called protozoan |
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Why do radiolarians have long spines adn branches on there bodies
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buoyancy and protection
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The most numerous permanent zooplankton
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copepods
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Important zooplankton in the food chain
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copepods
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Animals that strain their food
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filter feeders
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Shrimplike zooplankton
antartic-whales |
krill
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Cells on the inside of the animal have microscopc hairs called
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cilia
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Plasnkton are ususlly found where
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near top, surface
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What 3 groups are protozoans dividied into
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ciliophora--have cilia
zoomastignia--have flagella sarcodina--have cytoplasmic extensionc called pseudopods |
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Pseudopods means
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false feet
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cytoplasmic extensions are
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pseudopods--false feet--produce ameboid movement
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Why are protozoans unusal
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all life functions are carried out w/in 1 cell
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Organisms attached to a substrate
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sessile
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Explain indigestion vs digestion
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indi --is taking in of food
dig--is when food isbroken down into smaller pieces |
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oral groove is
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mouth
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Taking in of O2 and combining w/ glucose
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respiration
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For every molecule of glucose that is burned ____# of molecules of ATP are produced
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36
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The movement into and out of a cell is
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transport
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The movement of molecules from hi conc to lower conc is
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diffusion
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An example of passive transport is
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diffusion
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The movement of water molecules from a area of hi conc to low conc is
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osmosis
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This pumps out excess water
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contractile vacuole
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Tha ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environmnet is
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homeostasis
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What does a Vorticella do in response to stimuli
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contracts its stalk
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The production of offspring by a single parent is
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asexual reproduction
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Hereditory material found in the nucleus is
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DNA--deoxyribonucleic acid
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Divison of a cells cytoplasm into 2 daughters cells is
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binary fission
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The offspring of binary fission are
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identical
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2 parent are needed to produce and offspring
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sexual reproduction
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What are the sponges 2 layers called
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endoderm--inner layer
and ectoderm--outer layer |
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In between the endoderm and ectoderm is the
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mesenchyme a jellylike material
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A jelly like material found in jelly fish is
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mesenchyme
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Sponges are found in phylum
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Porifera
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Porifera means
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pore bearers
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The phylum Porifera is
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sponges
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bottom dwelling
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benthic
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bottom dwelling organisms
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benthos
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Large opening at the top of the sponge
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osculum
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small pores on sponge
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ostia
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Located in the sponge these cells have flagella
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collar cells
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These lack a nervous system
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sponges
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What are myocytes
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found in a sponge they are muscle like cells help close ostia
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A rapid division of cells in early stages of development is called
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cleavage which produces the embryo
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A solid ball of cells in reproduction is called
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Morula
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Larva
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refers to a free swimming stage of reproductive development
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Animals that have both male and femake reproductive organs
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hermaphrodites
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When a whole body can be grown from parts of the parent body
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regeneration
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Why are sponges important to environment
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filter water ---100 liers per hour
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What does a boring sponge use to bore into shells
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an acid
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Sponges are composed of
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spicules of silicon or chalk(caco3)
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Bath sponges are composed of
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spongin--protein fibers
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Rotifer means
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wheel bearer
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What phylum are rotifers in
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Rotifer
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When a sperm cells unites with a egg cell a ------is produced
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zygote
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What is unusal about rotifers
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can change the shape of their bodies: have acrown of beating cilia on head that looks like a crown
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Bryozoa means
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moss animal
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Name the 2 types of bryozoa
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encrusting and erect
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Often mistaken for a sponge
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bryozoan
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What is budding
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asexual repoduction when a smaller individual developes on and separates from the larger adult
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Name 2 forms of locomtion in protozoans
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cilia and flagella
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