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100 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
What is an animal
mostly multicellular organism that consumes food and is able to move
How many animals in ocean
>100,000
What kingdom are most unicellular animal -like organisms found
protista
The process by which organisms use food to preform their life activities is called
nutrition
The basic nutrients needed by animals to survive are
starches--sugars--fats--minerals--vitanims--water--protein
The process by which animals process and by which they break down and utilize nutrients is called
metabolism
The consumption of food by animals makes them
heterotrophs
2 nutrients that are needed by animals to derive energy
sugars & starches
Sugars and starches comprise?
carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are composed of
C,H,O
with a ratio of 2:1 for H:O
Organic compounds must have
a carbon
Glucose when not being used is stored as
starch
The chemical reaction in which a sugar is changed into a starch is called
dehydration synthesis
The chemical reaction that changes starch back into glucose is
hydrolysis
Dehydration occurs during
growth
hydrolysis occurs
when food is digested
A protein that regulates the speed of a chemical reaction w/o itself being changed
enzyme
these are hi energy nutrients
fats and oils-----lipids
These are needed for the growth and repair of cells
proteins--amino acids
There are how many amino acids
20
Is NaCl organic or in organic and why
inorganic bec/ no C
These are lelements and compounds found in soil and water (lacking C)
minerals
Found in red blood cells, used to carry oxygen to and CO2 from cells
iron
needed for growth of teeth and bones
calcium
This is found in the walls of diatoms
silica
A lack of this vitamin causes scurvy
Vitamin C
A lack of Vitamin C causes
Scurvy
This vitamin is produced when ultra violet light reacts w/ the fat located under the skin of marine mammals
vitamin D
Most abundant nutrient in body
H2O
What % of jelly fish are water
95%
Animals that float or drift in the ocean
plankton
Plankton means
wanderers
These include the unicellular protists and multicellular organisms such as jeely fish
plankton
Plantlke plankton that contian chlorrphyll
phytoplankton
Animal like plankton
zooplankton
Largest of plankton species
jellyfish
What 2 groups are zoo plankton divided into
holoplakton --stay plakton entire life
and
mero plankton--plankton only part of life
Foraminiferan means
hole bearing
These die and fall to the bottom of the ocean where they form a sediment
foraminiferans
White cliffs of Dover are composed of
foraminifera
Name 2 different permanent zooplankton
formaminifera and radiolarian
also called protozoan
Why do radiolarians have long spines adn branches on there bodies
buoyancy and protection
The most numerous permanent zooplankton
copepods
Important zooplankton in the food chain
copepods
Animals that strain their food
filter feeders
Shrimplike zooplankton
antartic-whales
krill
Cells on the inside of the animal have microscopc hairs called
cilia
Plasnkton are ususlly found where
near top, surface
What 3 groups are protozoans dividied into
ciliophora--have cilia
zoomastignia--have flagella
sarcodina--have cytoplasmic extensionc called pseudopods
Pseudopods means
false feet
cytoplasmic extensions are
pseudopods--false feet--produce ameboid movement
Why are protozoans unusal
all life functions are carried out w/in 1 cell
Organisms attached to a substrate
sessile
Explain indigestion vs digestion
indi --is taking in of food
dig--is when food isbroken down into smaller pieces
oral groove is
mouth
Taking in of O2 and combining w/ glucose
respiration
For every molecule of glucose that is burned ____# of molecules of ATP are produced
36
The movement into and out of a cell is
transport
The movement of molecules from hi conc to lower conc is
diffusion
An example of passive transport is
diffusion
The movement of water molecules from a area of hi conc to low conc is
osmosis
This pumps out excess water
contractile vacuole
Tha ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environmnet is
homeostasis
What does a Vorticella do in response to stimuli
contracts its stalk
The production of offspring by a single parent is
asexual reproduction
Hereditory material found in the nucleus is
DNA--deoxyribonucleic acid
Divison of a cells cytoplasm into 2 daughters cells is
binary fission
The offspring of binary fission are
identical
2 parent are needed to produce and offspring
sexual reproduction
What are the sponges 2 layers called
endoderm--inner layer
and
ectoderm--outer layer
In between the endoderm and ectoderm is the
mesenchyme a jellylike material
A jelly like material found in jelly fish is
mesenchyme
Sponges are found in phylum
Porifera
Porifera means
pore bearers
The phylum Porifera is
sponges
bottom dwelling
benthic
bottom dwelling organisms
benthos
Large opening at the top of the sponge
osculum
small pores on sponge
ostia
Located in the sponge these cells have flagella
collar cells
These lack a nervous system
sponges
What are myocytes
found in a sponge they are muscle like cells help close ostia
A rapid division of cells in early stages of development is called
cleavage which produces the embryo
A solid ball of cells in reproduction is called
Morula
Larva
refers to a free swimming stage of reproductive development
Animals that have both male and femake reproductive organs
hermaphrodites
When a whole body can be grown from parts of the parent body
regeneration
Why are sponges important to environment
filter water ---100 liers per hour
What does a boring sponge use to bore into shells
an acid
Sponges are composed of
spicules of silicon or chalk(caco3)
Bath sponges are composed of
spongin--protein fibers
Rotifer means
wheel bearer
What phylum are rotifers in
Rotifer
When a sperm cells unites with a egg cell a ------is produced
zygote
What is unusal about rotifers
can change the shape of their bodies: have acrown of beating cilia on head that looks like a crown
Bryozoa means
moss animal
Name the 2 types of bryozoa
encrusting and erect
Often mistaken for a sponge
bryozoan
What is budding
asexual repoduction when a smaller individual developes on and separates from the larger adult
Name 2 forms of locomtion in protozoans
cilia and flagella