Oc Chapter 21

Front 1

A relationship in which organisms interact in a mutally dependent way is?

Back 1

Interdependence.

Front 2

A process that helps conserve resources?

Back 2

Recylcing.

Front 3

The study of interaction of living things with each other and their environment?

Back 3

Ecology

Front 4

Living things in the environment are called?

Back 4

Biotic factors.

Front 5

Non living things in the environment are called?

Back 5

Abiotic factors.

Front 6

Biotic and Abiotic factors together are called?

Back 6

Ecosystems.

Front 7

Organisms that make food are called?

Back 7

Producers (algae)

Front 8

Organisms that eat food are called?

Back 8

Consumers (snails, sea stars, mussel fish) .

Front 9

Important nutrients that are recycled naturally are:

Back 9

Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus.

Front 10

The study of the interactios in the ocean is?

Back 10

Marine ecology.

Front 11

What must a compound have to be considered organic?

Back 11

Carbon.

Front 12

The movement of carbon through living things in the environment?

Back 12

The carbon cycle.

Front 13

When is carbom released back into the marine environment?

Back 13

When they die and decay.

Front 14

What element is crucial for cellular resperation?

Back 14

Oxygen.

Front 15

The movement of oxygen back and forth between plant and animal is?

Back 15

Oxygen cycle.

Front 16

To grow animals and plants must make these chemical substances?

Back 16

Proteins.

Front 17

Name some important proteins?

Back 17

Hemoglobin, myoglobin, enzymes, hormones.

Front 18

The main elements needed to make protiens are?

Back 18

C-H-O-N

Front 19

What element is needed to make aminio acids?

Back 19

Nitrogens

Front 20

Name 2 compounds where nitrogen may be found?

Back 20

Urea, ammonia found in amimal wastes and used by bacteria.

Front 21

Relationships based on nutritional needs are called?

Back 21

Food relationships.

Front 22

A food chains begin with a:

Back 22

producers-> primary consurmer-> secondary consumer-> teritary consumer

Front 23

Each feeding level is called a:

Back 23

Trophic level which has a transfer of chemical energy

Front 24

Animals that feed only on plants?

Back 24

Herbivores

Front 25

Animals that feed only on other animals?

Back 25

Carnivores

Front 26

Animals that consume both animals and plants.

Back 26

Omnivores.

Front 27

When producers and consumers die their remains are?

Back 27

Eaten by scavengers (crabs, mud snails) and decayed by decomposers (bactieria)

Front 28

Another tem used to describe decomposer bacteria and fungi is?

Back 28

Saprophytes.

Front 29

How do all living things satisfy their nutritional need in the ocean.

Back 29

recycling organic matter

Front 30

When food chains are interconnectd, this is called?

Back 30

food webs.

Front 31

An animal who eats another is called a _____________ and the animal being eaten is the _________.

Back 31

Predator; prey.

Front 32

In a food pyramid the population at each hirgher tropic is?

Back 32

Smaller than the on below it.

Front 33

The hightest amount of available energy is found in?

Back 33

Algae (base of food pyramid)

Front 34

What % of the food energy consumed is available to the next part of the food chain is?

Back 34

10 %

Front 35

Organisms of different species live in close association with one another?

Back 35

Symbiosis.

Front 36

Name the 3 symbiotic relationships?

Back 36

Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism.

Front 37

Define mutualism?

Back 37

Both species benifit. For ex: clownfish w/ anemone, grouper w/ cleaning wrasse, coral polyps and zooxanthellae

Front 38

Why is a clown fish not bothered by stinging cells of an anemone?

Back 38

Has a chemical inhibitor that prevents discharge of stinging cell.

Front 39

Define commensalism?

Back 39

One species is benifitted while the other is unaffected. Ex: shark with a remora attached, pilot fish and a shark, barnacles on a whales back.

Front 40

Define parasitism?

Back 40

One species benifits while the other is harmed. Ex: lake trout and sea lampreys, deep sea hag fish and larger fish flesh, black spot disease in marine fish.

Front 41

Internal parasites are usually ______ and external parasites are _____.

Back 41

Flat worms and isopods ; copepods (crustatceans)

Front 42

What causes black spot disease?

Back 42

Trematode, a flatworm.

Front 43

Give the succession in a new tidal pool?

Back 43

thin coat of algae, barnacles, then seaweed, mussels and other small organisms.

Front 44

Why do boats have to get their bottoms scrapped?

Back 44

Barnacles and mussles attach and slow the movement of the boat.

Front 45

When one community is replaced by another it is called?

Back 45

Biological succession.

Front 46

Why does biological succession occur?

Back 46

When the chemical and physical conditions in an area are no longer suitable for existing life forms then a new community will take over.

Front 47

Name two types of communities?

Back 47

Pioneer (1st stage) and climax (last stage)

Front 48

In tropical seas the ____ for the climax community?

Back 48

Coral

Front 49

The first pioneer organism to occur on rocks is?

Back 49

Lichen

Front 50

This organism is composed of two different organisms.

Back 50

Lichen

Front 51

What two organisms make up the lichen?

Back 51

Algae and fungus (symbiotic relationships)

Front 52

How do lichen erode the surface of a rock?

Back 52

Acid is produced.

Front 53

How are foreign species introduced into native areas?

Back 53

Ballast water on ship in port, fish bait, fish tanks emtied out when boarded with them, bottoms of boats.

Front 54

Why are native species having a hard time w/ exotic species?

Back 54

There are no natural predators for the new species.