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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parovarian cyst(paratubualar cyst)
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-usually simple
-assymptomatic -wolffian duct remenatns -located in broad ligaments -sonographicallys appear as simple cyst adjacent to the ovary |
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MS alfa Fetoprotien
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-aka glicoprotien(analyze fetal amniotic fluid)
-produced by the YS in the embryonic stage, and the liver in the fetal stage -located in fetal tissue, AF and MS -in nanograms/Ml MOM -NTD's most common fetal anaomoly associated w/ elevation -abdominal wall defects second most common -decreased levels associated w/ chromosomal anomolies |
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w/ edwards syndrome, what is sonographically different?
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-orbits are too far apart
-small orbits -extended/overlaping digits -omphalocele(associated w/ chromosomal abnormalities) |
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acute PID
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-fuzzy outline of the uterus
-bilateral adnexal masses -clinical symptoms of uterus and ovaries feel fixed due to adhesions and fivrosis formation in pelvis |
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Endometrial hyperplasia
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-may be related to chronic estrogen stimulation
-most common cause of uterine bleeding -premonopauseal uterus>14mm -postmenopausal uterus>8mm -may be precurser to endometrial cancer |
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name and describe the stages of PID?
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EDOMETRITIS:
-thich heterogenous endometrium -fluid in endometrial canal STAGE 2-SALPINGITIS: -tubular shaped distension -cogwheel sign -acute or chronic -hydro, hemato, pyosalpinx STage3:tubo-ovarian abscess: -usually bilateral -pyosalpinx and adhesions and fixed pelvic peritonitis -fitz hugh curtis syndrome |
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what dp androblastomas look like songraphically? what is a differential diagnosis for them?
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SONOGRAPHICALLY:
-solid w/ cystic components -lobulated -encapsulated -2-30 cm in size -unilateral DIFF DX: fibroid(need to distinguish origin) |
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what is the clinical presentation of endometriosis?
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-dysmenorrhea
-dysmarunia -infertility -pain 24-48 hrs before menstration -normal uterus |
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corpus luteum cyst of menstration and pregnancy
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-reproductive age
-post ovulatory -filled w/blood and serous fluid -produce progesterone and estrogen to a lesser extent. -less than 2.5 cm w/menstration, angd <10 w/ pregnancy -hyperechoic rim(ring of fire) -regress by 16 weeks pregnancy |
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progesterone
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hormone secreted by the corpus luteum that prepares the endometriume to receive the egg
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what are the clinical manifestations of OHS
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-pain
-weight gain -electrolye imbalence -ascites -pleural effusion -extreme increase in serum estradiol -edema of ovarian stroma |
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PID
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-infection and inflammation of reproductive organs and peritoneal surfaces
-usually retrograde source -risk factors: -increases sexual activity IUCD users, smoking |
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pergonal
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aka HMG(human menopausal gonadotrophin)
-natural hormone extracted from urine of Post meno women -results in increased FSH and LH |
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What are the 4 possible risk factors for adenomyosis?
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trauma:
-childbirth -uterine instrumentation -chronic endometritis -hyperestrogenism |
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brenner tumor and sonographic appearance
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-uncommon
-solid -epithelial -2% of neoplasms -over 40 age group -estogenic-present w/ irregular bleeding -rare assoc w/ meig's syndrome -echogenic mass w/ small cystic spaces |
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cebocephaly
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-flat and rudimentry nose
-hypotelorism -single flat nostril -absent philtrum of upper lip -assoc. w/ holoprosencephaly |
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what is teh sonographic appearance of a dysgerminoma?
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-solid homogenous and irregular definition
-foci of necrosis and cystic degeneration -radiosensitive -remove ovary -female seminto male - |
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what are some associated anomolies w/ cleft lip?
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-skeletal anomolies(most common)
-CVS-2nd common -trisomy13 -triploidy(69 chromosomes) -multiple syndromes -anencephaly -holoprosencephaly |
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theca cell tumors(thecoma)
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-benign, solid unilateral mass
--menopausal and post menopausal -estrogen producing -unilateral |
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porencephalic cyst
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-cystic area of the brain that sometimes communicates with the ventricle
-single or multiple -no mass effect -due to intracranial hemorrhage or tissue nectosis resorption -milder form of hydroanencephale -cystic cavities within normal brain tissue -infarction or hemorrage into brain tissue |
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what is the clinical presentation and sonographic appearence of pseudomyxoma peritoni?
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clinical: very sick pateint if benigh, and metastatic implants if malignant.
-SONOGRAPHIC: -thick, solid mass adjacent to abdominal wall or -focal, small echogenic masses adjacent to peritoneal surface outlined by ascites |
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Is ACC associated w/ any cyts?
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yes-there is often a cyst by the frontal horns w/ ACC
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arrenoblastoma: what is it, when does it occur, what is the clinical appearence?
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-sertoli-leydig tumor/androblastoma
-"sir" or"andro"=masculinizing -25-45 yrs. -ammenorrhea dn infertility |
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what are some examples of ovarian causes of infertility?
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-PCOD
-hypothalamic amenorrhea -LUF-luteinized unruptured follicles |
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MS Unconjugated Estriol(Ms-uE3)
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Production is under the control of the:
1. placenta 2. fetal adreals 3. fetal liver 25% ;pwer om [regmamcoes affected bu trisomy 21 |
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what are some fertility druges, and explain them
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-clompiphene citrate(clomid)-increases FSH; is safer and cheaper
-HMG(pergonal)-increases FSH and LH -hCG-stimulates follicular maturation and ovulation. Used in combination w/ clomid and hMG |
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meig's syndrome
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triad of ascites, pleural effusion, and benign ovarian tumor
-classically on the rt side |
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OHSS
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associated w/ ART:
-potentially dangerous complication w/ hormone induction -occurs 5-8 days post HMG -associated w/ ascites/ pleural effusion -doesn't occur in the absence of HCG -look sonographically w/ theca lutein cysts |
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What are theca lutein cysts associated with, and what is the sonographic appearence of them?
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ASSOCIATED WITH:
-GTD- -ovarian hyperstimulation due to infertility drugs -RH incompatibility -multiple pregnancies -diabetes SONOGRAPHIC: --bilateral -multilocular cysts -thin walled -large |
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what is the sonographic appearance of agenesis of the corpus callosumÉ
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1)lateral displacement of lateral ventricles
2)enlarged apical and occipital horns 3)absent CSP 4)sunburst sign-increase suci from Intrahemispheric fissure(observed in last trimaster) 5)absence of CSP by 17-20 wks because it should be seen at 12wks 6)mild hydrocephalus 7)3 line appearance where the falx should be |
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cervical cancer
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-affects menstral age women
-associated with: -early sex encounters -multiple sex partners -exposure to herpes2 -usually affects squamus cells |
