Obstetrical And Gynecological Sonography

Front 1

Female pelvic orogans are divided into four sections and they are?

Back 1

1) uriary bladder and urethra
2) Cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes
3)ovaries
4) sigmoid colon and rectum

Front 2

The uterus is divided into 4 section and they are?

Back 2

1) Cervix
2) Isthmus
3) Corpus
4) Fundus

Front 3

The uterus is composed of three layers and they are?

Back 3

1) Peritoneum or serosal layer
2) Myometrial layer
3) Endometrium inner layer

Front 4

The three functions of the uterus are?

Back 4

1) Menstruation
2) Pregnancy
3) labor

Front 5

Fallopian tubes have 4 sections and they are ?

Back 5

1) Interstitial
2) Isthmus
3) Ampulla

Front 6

A prepubertal uterus measures what in length?

Back 6

2-2.4cm
With the corpus or body half the langth of the cervix.

Front 7

An adult nulliparous female the uterus measures what?

Back 7

Length 6-8.5cm, width 3-5cm, AP dimension 2-4cm.
The corpus and cervix are equal in length

Front 8

An adult multiparous uterus measurements are what?

Back 8

8-10.5cm x 4-6cm x 3-5cm length, width,and AP dimensions.

Front 9

In post menopausal women the uterus atrophies regardless of the gravida status premenopausally. Postmenopausl measurements are?

Back 9

Length 3.5-7.5 x width 2.4 x AP 1.7-3.3

Front 10

When the uterus tilts forward with a 90 angle to the cervix it is called?

Back 10

Anteverted

Front 11

When the uterus corpus is flexed anteriorly on the cervix, forming a sharp angle at the cervix it is called?

Back 11

Anteflexed

Front 12

When the uterus is tilted backwards without a sharp angle between the corpus and cervix it is called?

Back 12

Retroverted

Front 13

When the uterus is flexed posteriorly on the cervix, forming a sharp angle at the cervix it is called?

Back 13

Retroflexed

Front 14

When the uterus is at a midline position it is called?

Back 14

Medianus

Front 15

Whenthe uterus has a right lateral deviation it is called.

Back 15

Detroversion

Front 16

When the uterus has a left lateral deviation it is called?

Back 16

Levoversion

Front 17

This represents a uterine malformation where the uterus is present as a paired organ as the embryogenetic fusion of the mullerian ducts failed to occur. As a result there is a double uterus with two separate cervices, and often a double vagina as well?

Back 17

Uterus didelphys

Front 18

This represents a uterine malformation where the uterus is formed from one only of the paired mullerian ducts while the other mullerian duct does not develop or only in a rudimentary fashion?

Back 18

Uterus unicornis

Front 19

This is a form of a congenital malformation where the uterine cavity is partitioned by a longitudinal septum; the outside of the uterus has a normal typical shape?

Back 19

Uterine septus

Front 20

This is commonly referred to as a "heart-shaped" uterus, is a type of uterine malformation where two "horns" form at the upper part of the uterus?

Back 20

Uterus Bicornis

Front 21

In postmenopausal women, the uterine bleeding is caused by what?

Back 21

Edometrial hyperplasia

Front 22

Edometrial Hyperplasia has a sonographic appears of what.

Back 22

Endometrial thickening with an echogenic, and irregular endometial appearance.

Front 23

This is a focal growth of endometrial tissue, that occur in perimenopausal yearsand may cause meterorrhagia, menorrhagia or both.

Back 23

Endomentrial polyps

Front 24

What is the ideal time to visualize polyps.

Back 24

Day 10-14 of the mentstrual cycle during the proliferative phase.

Front 25

Endometrial cancer is more commonly diagnosed in women of what age?

Back 25

60-70 years old.

Front 26

Benign cystic masses of the ovaries tend to what type of appearance?

Back 26

They are smooth walled wall, well defined, and anechoic with increased posterior acoustic enhancement

Front 27

Malignancies have what type of appearance when it comes to ovarien cysts?

Back 27

They have thich irregular walls, thick separation(>3mm), or echogenic papillary projections protrudding into the cyst.

Front 28

The earliest age at which a guestational sac maybe viualized by transvaginal sonography is
A) 4 weeks
B) 6 weeks
C) 8 weeks
D) 10 weeks

Back 28

A) A gestational sac can be seen by TV scanning as early as 4 weeks.

Front 29

The optimal time for imaging cardiac structures is
A) 14-18 weeks
B) 18-24 weeks
C) 24-28 weeks
D) 28-32 weeks

Back 29

B) Cardia imaging can be done ealier than 18 weeks, but is dependent on maternal habitus. After 24 weeks, the fetus bones become denser and more calcified and begin to limit the sonographic windows that allow visualization of the cardiac structures.

Front 30

3D volumeetric reconstructions are used to show all of the following except
A) fetal face
B) fetal limbs
C) organs
D) digits

Back 30

A) 3D imaging of surface structurres such as face, is termed surface rendering.

Front 31

This disorder is characterized by severe psychomotor and growth retardation, microcephaly, microphthalmia, malformed ears, micrognathia or retrognathia, microstomia, distinctively clenched fingers, and other congenital malformations.

Back 31

Trisomy 18

Front 32

An abnoraly small mouth would be termed?

Back 32

Microstomia

Front 33

An abnormaly small head would be termed?

Back 33

Microcephaly

Front 34

An abnormaly small eye would be termed?

Back 34

Microphthalmia

Front 35

An abnormaly small jaw would be termed what?

Back 35

Micrognathia

Front 36

This is the most common trisomy among live births.

Back 36

Trisomy 21

Front 37

The syndrome was named after Langdon Down, who first coined the term mongolism because of the mongoloid facial appearance of patients with the syndrome. Nowadays, the term mongolism is obsolete.1,2

Back 37

Down syndrome or trisomy 21