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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Observations |
Used when someone wants to see how people behave in particular scenarios. They have no independent variable as there is no comparison of observations between the different conditions. However they can form part of an experiment (where there is an IV) to observe behaviour (the DV). |
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Overt Observation (def) Strengths and Weaknesses |
Participants are aware they are being observed. Strengths: - Ethical as participant has given consent. Weaknesses: - Behaviour may change (social desirability bias). |
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Covert Observation (def) Strengths and Weaknesses |
Participants are unaware they are being observed. Strengths: - Natural behaviours (no social desirability bias) Weaknesses: - Less ethical as no participant consent |
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Naturalistic Observation (def) Strengths and Weaknesses |
Conducted in participants natural environment (at home, work, street). Strengths: - High ecological validity - own environment, surroundings won't affect behaviour. - High mundane realism, natural behaviours not influenced by study. Weaknesses: - Susceptible to extraneous variables. |
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Controlled Observation (def) Strengths and Weaknesses |
Taken place in a lab (controlled setting). Strengths: - More control of extraneous variables Weaknesses: - Low ecological validity, unusual environment for participant - Low mundane realism, performing unnatural behaviours |
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Participant observation (def) Strengths and Weaknesses |
Interacting with participants directly. Researchers 'become part' of the study. Strengths: - Discover more valid behaviours, have access to behaviours that would otherwise be unobservable. Weaknesses: - Researchers could become bias, let personal feelings influence. |
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Non - participant Observation (def) Strengths and Weaknesses |
Researchers don't interact with participants. Strengths: - More objective Weaknesses: - Unable to observe all behaviours (E.g. private convos) |
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Structured Observations (def) Strengths and Weaknesses |
Pre-decided behaviours looked for (behavioural categories) and only these will be recorded. Strengths: - Targeted to relevant behaviours Weaknesses: - Relevant behaviours missed if not on list - Clear categories or mistakes can occur. |
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Unstructured Observation (def) Strengths and Weaknesses |
Flexible. All behaviours observed and recorded. Strengths: - Flexible Weaknesses~: - Non relevant behaviours - Behaviours missed during note taking |
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Event Sampling (def) Strengths and Weaknesses |
Tallying. Behaviours recorded every time they happen. Strengths: - No missed behaviours Weaknesses: - No patterns to be seen E.g when behaviour took place/ for how long |
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Time Sampling (def) Strengths and Weaknesses |
Observation taken at set time intervals e.g. every 30 seconds. Strengths: - Identify behaviour patterns. Weaknesses: - Miss behaviours that do not occur in the set time intervals |
