Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Three stages of labor
|
1. First- onset of true labor to full cervical dilation: <20 hours in a nulligravida and <14 hours in a multip
This stage is divided into latent and active- Latent is from 0 to 3-4 cm dilation, and is highly variable in both nullis and multips, the active phase is from 3-4 cm to full dilation (10 cm)- in nulligravidas there should be > 1 cm/hr dilation, and in multips there should be > 1.2 cm/hr dilation 2. second- full dilation to the birth of the baby: Nulli: 30mins to 3 hours, Multip: 5-30 min 3. Third- delivery of the baby to delivery of the placenta. Nulli: 0-30 min, Multip: 0-30 min |
|
|
Three causes of protaction of labor and arrest of labor disorders
|
3Ps
1. Powers- contractions are not strong enough 2. Passenger (i.e. baby) - macrosomia or incorrect presentation 3. Passage (i.e. pelvis-- CPD) |
|
|
Arrest of dilation in nulligravada and multigravida
- possible interventions for this |
Nulli: no change in > 2 hours
Multi: no change in > 2 hours - newest guidelines suggest that it is safe to wait up to 4 hours of adequate labor before declaring and arrest of dilation AROM, oxytocin or c-section |
|
|
Arrest of descent in nulligravida and multigravida. what if there is an epidural?
- possible interventions for this |
Nulli: no change in > 2hours
Multi: no change in > 1 hour with epidural > 3 hours in nulli and > 2 hours in multi Interventions: forceps, vaccuum, c-section |
|
|
What are adequate uterine contractions?
|
>200 MVU (Montevideo units)/10 minutes for 2 hours
|
|
|
Patients who have been successfully treated for anorexia nervosa, with successful return to normal menstruation are still at risk for what pregnancy complications?
|
- higher risk of delivering babies that are premature, small for gestational age (secondary to IUGR) or both
- other potential complications include miscarriage, hyperemesis gravidarum, c-section, and post-parturm depression |
|
|
Treatment of infertility in a patient with PCOS
|
- PCOS is characterized by anovulation, signs of androgen excess and ovarian cysts
- Patients with PCOS are often infertile or subfertile because their menstrual cycles are frequently anovulatory-- likely due to imblanaces in LH and FSH production and insulin resistance - the ovaries however are functional, so fertility issues can be treated with clomiphene citrate-- an estrogen analogue that improves GnRH release and FSH release thereby improving the chances of ovulation - patients with PCOS are also treated with metformin, which has been independently show to improve ovulation |
|
|
Pre-test probability
|
This describes the existing probability of a patient having a disease in question prior to performing the test (i.e. patients with positive family history, or patients with high clinical risk)
- prevalence is directly related to pre-test probability |
