Ob/gyn Review #7

Front 1

NEURAL TUBE DEFECT?

Back 1

FAILURE OF THE NEURAL TUBE TO CLOSE COMPLETELY DURING DEVELOPMENT
CAUSING DEFECTS. EX: SPINA BIFIDA, CEPHALOCELE,HOLOENCEPHALY,
ANENCEPHALY ETC.

Front 2

WHAT SCANNING PLANE IS BEST TO SEE SPINA BIFIDA?

Back 2

BOTH TRV & SAG.

Front 3

WHAT IS ACRANIA, ANENCEPHALY & HYDRAENCEPHALY?

Back 3

Acrania: condition assoc. w/ anencephaly in which there is complete or partial absence of cranial bones.
Anencephaly: neural tube defect noted by lack of development of cerebral & cerebellar hemispheres & cranial vault. Incompatible w/life.
Hydraencephaly: congenital absence of the cerebral hemispheres b/c of an occlusion of carotid arteries midbrain sdtructures are present & fluid replaces cerebral tissue.

Front 4

What is Situs Inversus, what happens to infant with it?

Back 4

Heart and abdominal organs are completely reversed. Normal outcome for infant.

Front 5

What is BPP? What are criteria for score?

Back 5

Bio-physical profile worth 2 pts. each. FBM: Fetal breathing mvmt.
FM: Gross body mvmts.
FT: Fetal tone
FHR: Fetal heart rate (non-stress)
AFI: Amniotic Fluid index

Front 6

Can Ultrasound assess Lung maturity?

Back 6

No

Front 7

What is Microcephaly?

Back 7

Head smaller than body.

Front 8

What is Encephalocele?

Back 8

Protrusion of the brain through a cranial fissure.

Front 9

What is Cleft Sternum & what is it assoc. with?

Back 9

Partial or absent sternum, vascular malformations, including cavernous hemangiomas & omphalocele.

Front 10

What abnormalities are caused by alkaline phosphatase deficiency?

Back 10

Congenital Hypophosphatasia

Front 11

What is the most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia?

Back 11

Achondroplasia.

Front 12

What is Osteogenesis imperfecta?

Back 12

Metabolic disorder affecting the fetal collagen system leads to varying forms of bone disease, interuterine bone fractures , shortened long bones, poorly mineralized calvaria, compression of chest(found in type II)

Front 13

What is Thanatophoric dysplasia?

Back 13

Lethal short limb dwarfism, notable reduction in length of long bones , pear shaped chest, freq. clover leaf skull & ventriculomegaly.

Front 14

What is Hitchhiker thumb and micromelia associated with?

Back 14

Diastrophic dysplasia.

Front 15

What categories are renal malformations divided into?

Back 15

1) Those involving congenital malformation.
2) Those resulting from obstructive process.

Front 16

What are the criteria for Choledochal cysts?

Back 16

Close prox to neck of GB. Ovoid Rt. upper quad cyst w/ an entering bile duct, a cyst & GB that enlarge as gestation progresses.

Front 17

What is VACTERL associated with?

Back 17

Assoc/ w/ a group of anomalies that may occur together & a single umbilical artery.

Front 18

A complex disorder of the bowel and genitourinary tract is?

Back 18

Anorectal Atresia

Front 19

What is Rounded Calyces w/ renal pelvis dilation measuring greater than 10mm in the A/P direction ?

Back 19

Caliectasis - abnormal

Front 20

What is the "Double Bubble" sign and what causes it?

Back 20

Duodenal Atresia. Complete blockage at Pyloric Sphincter

Front 21

Normal fetal small bowel diameter?

Back 21

Less than or greater to 6mm.

Front 22

Remnant of the proximal part of the yolk stalk is?

Back 22

Meckel's Diverticulum

Front 23

Most common malformation of the Midgut?

Back 23

Meckel's Diverticulum

Front 24

What are Haustral folds and where are they located?

Back 24

Sacculations of the volon caused by longitudinal bands that are shorter than the gut. Located in colon.

Front 25

Transpostion of the liver,stomach, absence of GB, Multiple spleens & disruption of IVC called?

Back 25

Polysplenia

Front 26

What is Duodenal Atresia?

Back 26

Complete blockage of the Pyloric Sphincter.

Front 27

What is Ectopia cordis?

Back 27

Condition in which the Ventral wall fails to close & the heart developes outside the thoracic cavity.

Front 28

Which side is Limb boby wall defect more common on?

Back 28

Left side is 3x more likely.

Front 29

Free floating bowel is suggestive of what?

Back 29

Gastroschisis

Front 30

What is amniotic band syndrome?

Back 30

Rupture of the Amnion that leads to entrapment or entanglement of the fetal parts.

Front 31

Where is the cord placed in Gastroschisis and Omphalocele?

Back 31

Gastroschisis: Rt of Umbilical cord.
Omphalocele: Cord pierces central part.

Front 32

Where does the most common diaphragmatic hernia occur?

Back 32

Bochdalek hernia- 80 to 85% occur on the left Posterior lateral portion of the diaphragm.

Front 33

If you see Pleural effusion what should you search carefully?

Back 33

Search for lung, cardiac & diaphragmatic lesions, Also evaluate for signs of Hydrops. (Ascites, scalp edema, tissue edema)

Front 34

What is Dandy-Walker syndrome?

Back 34

Displacement of the 4th Ventricle, often accompanied by hydrocephalus.

Front 35

What is it called when a fetus has a very narrow diameter of the chest?

Back 35

Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy.

Front 36

When should you do a chest diameter?

Back 36

16wks, or when you suspect skeletal dysplasia. ??????

Front 37

What is a hernia that occurs medially and anteriorly in the diaphragm called?

Back 37

Diaphragmatic hernia.

Front 38

Supernumerary lobe of the lung is called?

Back 38

Pulmonary Sequestration.

Front 39

How do fetal lungs appear on Ultrasound?

Back 39

Homogeneous w/ moderate echogenicity.

Front 40

What is meningomyelocele?

Back 40

Open spinal defect characterized by protrusion of meninges & spinal cord through defect usually w/in meningeal sac.

Front 41

Define Ventriculomegaly.

Back 41

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid w/in cerebral ventricles resulting in dilation of ventricles w/in brain.

Front 42

What is Vein of Galen Malformation?

Back 42

Aneurysm of vein of Galen,rare arteriovenous malformation.

Front 43

What is Porencephaly?

Back 43

Cysts filled with cerebrospinal fluid that communicate with ventricular system or subarachnoid space.

Front 44

What is Pentalogy of Cantrell?

Back 44

Rare anomaly with 5 defects; Omphalocele, ectopic heart, lower sternum, anterior diaphragm, diaphragmatic pericardium.

Front 45

Three types of congenital cystic andenomatoid malformations, which has poor prognosis?

Back 45

Type 1: Macrocystic
Type 2: Macrocystic w/microcystic component (poor outcome)
Type3: Microcystic (poor outcome)

Front 46

How is the heart positioned in fetal chest?

Back 46

Apex of the heart directed toward spleen, base of heart lies horizontal to diaphragm.

Front 47

Situs Inversus?

Back 47

Heart and Abdominal organs completely reversed.

Front 48

What is exstrophy if the bladder?

Back 48

Bladder formed external to abdominal wall. (protrusion of posterior bladder wall, contains the trigone of bladder & ureteric orifices)

Front 49

What is skeletal dysplasia?

Back 49

Abnormal growth & density of cartilage / bone.

Front 50

What is Achondrogenesis?

Back 50

Rare, lethal skeletal dysplasia occurs in 2.8 of 100,000 births.

Front 51

What is Cloverleaf skull associated with?

Back 51

Thanatophoric dysplasia; severe polyhydramnios, hydrocephalus, non-immune hydrops.