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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gestational age (GA)/estimated date of confinement (EDC)
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Age of fetus from last menstural period
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# of live births/1000 people
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birthrate
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# of live births/1000 females =15-44 y/o
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fertility rate
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# of neonatal deaths/1000 live births =
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neonatal mortalit rate
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# of stillbirths + neonatal deaths/1000 total births
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perinatal mortality rate
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# of infant deaths/1000 live births up to first year of life =
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infant mortality rate
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What are typical signs and symptoms of early pregnancy/
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Amenorrhea, n/v, breast tenderness, Chadwick's sign (bluish discoloration and congested appearance of vagina), and Hegar's sign (softening of lower segment of uterus)
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At what GA can fetal heart tones (FHT) be detected by Doppler?
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10 weeks
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At what GA can the U/S detect a gestational sac and cardiac activity?
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5 weeks and after 6 weeks, respectively
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Name the three signs of fetal viability during pregnancy.
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1. Fetal heart activity
2. Fetal movement detection by examiner 3. Embryo/fetus ultrasonic recognition |
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How early can human chorionic gonadotroping (bhcG) be detected in urine or serum?
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As early as 8-9 days after ovulation
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What is the doubling time of BhCG in early pregnancy?
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2 days
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When does BhCG peak in pregancy
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8 to 10 weeks GA
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Name three clinical scenarios in which quantification of BhCG is helpful
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1. Diagnostic ectopic pregnancy
2. Monitoring neoplastic trophoblastic disease 3. Screening fetal aneuploiday |
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What is Nagele's rule?
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EDC = LMP + 7 days - 3 months + 1 year (based on regular 28-day cycle)
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What is the most common cause of size-for - dates discrepancy?
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inaccurate dating
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What are the physiologic changes of pregnancy in the following systems?
cardiovascular |
Increased heart rate (HR) and SV -> increased CO; systolic ejection murmur (SEM) is normal finding; diastolic murmur is NEVER a normal finding; decreased BP (especially diastolic) - lowest at 24 weeks
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What are the physiologic changes of pregnancy in the following systems?
respiratory |
increased tidal volume and minute ventilation, decreased total lung capacity (elevation of diaphragm), increased total body O2 consumption, and hyperventilation (optimizes CO2 and O2 transfer between mother and fetus)
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What are the physiologic changes of pregnancy in the following systems?
Gastrointestinal |
N/v, reflux esophagitis, hemorrhoids, and cholestasis
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What are the physiologic changes of pregnancy in the following systems?
Renal |
increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 50%, decreased BUN and Cr, urinary stasis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria in 5%
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What are the physiologic changes of pregnancy in the following systems?
Hematologic |
Decreased hematocrit (Hct): increased plasma volume by 40% (due to increased plasma>RBC); hypercoagulable state; increased clotting factors (decreased protein S), increased venous stasis, and endothelial damage
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What are the physiologic changes of pregnancy in the following systems?
Dermatologic |
Increased estrogen -> spider angiomata and palma erythema; increased melanocyte stimulating hormone -> hyperpigmentation of nipples, abbdominal midline (linea nigra), and face (chloasma/melasma)
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What are the physiologic changes of pregnancy in the following systems?
Endocrine |
Increased hcG, human placental lactogen (hPL - insulin antagonist with diabetogenic effect), progesterone, estrogen, thyroid binding globulin, T3 and T4(euthyroid state), and prolactin
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