Obgyn - Early Pregnancy Loss

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Abortion

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Any termination of pregnancy prior to viability or 20 weeks from last menstrual period or delivery of fetus weighing less than 500 g.

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Ectopic Pregnancy

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Any pregnancy which implants outside of the endometrial cavity. 95% occur in some part of the fallopian tube.

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Embryology

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A science which is about the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage.

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Miscarriage

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The spontaneous end of a pregnancy at a stage where the embryo or fetus is incapable of surviving, generally defined in humans at prior to 20 weeks of gestation. Miscarriage is the most common complication of early pregnancy.

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Molar Pregnancy

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An abnormal form of pregnancy, wherein a non-viable, fertilized egg implants in the uterus, and thereby converting normal pregnancy processes into pathological ones. It's characterized by the presence of a hydatidiform mole. Molar pregnancies are categorized into partial and complete moles; complete moles have no identifiable embryonic or fetal tissues and arise when an empty egg with no nucleus is fertilized by a normal sperm; in contrast, a partial mole occurs when a normal egg is fertilized by two spermatozoa.

Complete mole is 46XX all paternal cells, usually no fetus forms. Incomplete mole is often 69XXY and presents with a chromosomally abnormal fetus.

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Recurrent abortion

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Loss of greater than or equal to 3 consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks.

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Missed abortion

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The fetus has died but remains in the uterus.

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Threatened abortion

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Uterine bleeding without cervical dilation or passage of tissue before 20 weeks of gestation. Occurs in up to 25% of pregnancies. About half of those go on to viability but are at higher risk for preterm delivery and low birth weight.

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Complete abortion

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Uterine bleeding and cramping with passage of all products of conception.

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Incomplete abortion

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Uterine bleeding and cramping with passage of some, but not all products of conception prior to twenty weeks gestation.

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Septic abortion

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Uterine bleeding and cramping with passage of tissue and/or nonviable pregnancy AND signs of infection.