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260 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ABORTION (induced)
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termination of a pregnancy by medical or surgical intervention
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ABORTION (spontaneous)
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spontaneous termination of a pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation, when the fetus weighs less than 500g
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ABORTION (complete)
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expulsion of the entire products of conception
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ABORTION (incomplete)
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Incomplete expulsion of the products of conception (retained tissues in the uterus)
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ABORTION (inevitable)
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bleeding or rupture of membranes acompanied by pain and dilation of the internal cervical os
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ABORTION (missed)
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intrauterine retention of non-viable products of conception
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ABORTION (recurrent)
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three or more consecutive first-trimester abortions
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ABORTION (septic)
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a threatened, inevitable, or incomplete abortion complicated by infection
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ABORTION (threatened)
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vaginal bleeding in the presence of fetal cardiac motion and closed cervix
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Abruptio placentae
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separation of the normally located placenta from its uterine attachment between the 20th week of pregnancy and the birth of the infant. It occurs mainly in the third trimester.
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Acromegaly
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Overgrowth of the terminal parts of the skeletal system after epiphyseal fusion as a result of overproduction of GH.
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Adenomyosis
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Presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium as a restul of direct extension
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Adnexa
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The uterine appendages, inluding fallopian tubes, ovaries, and associated ligaments
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Adrenal hyperplasia
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a congential or acquired increase in the number of cells of the adrenal cortex, occurring bilaterally and resulting in excessive excretion of 17-ketosteroids with signs of virilization
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Amenorrhea
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Absence or cessation of menstruation
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Postpill amenorrhea
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failure of menstruation to return after oral contraceptives have been discontinued
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Primary amenorrhea
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failure of menarche to occur by the 16th year of life
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Psychogenic amenorrhea
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failure of menstruation to occur b/c of emotional distrubances
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Secondary amenorrhea
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absence of menses for 3 or more months after menarche
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Amniocentesis
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aspiration of amniotic fluid, usually transabdominally, for dx or tx purposes
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Amniotic fluid
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fluid confined by the amnion
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Anemia, megaloblastic
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anemia with an excessive number of megaloblasts in circulation, caused primarily by deficiency of folic acid, vitamin B12, or both
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Anorexia nervosa
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marked reduction in the intake of food, caused by psychogenic factors and leading to malnutrition and amenorrhea
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Anovulatory bleeding
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periodic uterine bleeding w/o ovulation
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Antepartum
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before labor or delivery
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Apgar score
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a physical assessment of the newborn usually performed at 1 and 5m after birth, used to determine need for resuscitation
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Arrhenoblastoma
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an uncommon ovarian neoplasm a/w androgen production that can cause amenorrhea, defeminization, and virilization
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Ascites
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
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Atony, uterine
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loss of uterine muscular tonicity, may reult in failure of labor to progress or in postpartum hemorrhage
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Autonomy
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in medicine, a patient's right to determine what healthcare she will accept
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Barr bodies
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sex chromatin massses on the nuclear membrane. The number of Barr bodies is one fewer than the number of X chromosomes in that cell.
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Bartholin cyst
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cystic swelling of a Bartholin gland caused by obstruction of its duct.
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Bartholin glands
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A pair of glands located at the 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions on the vulvar vaginal rim. They are homolgs of bulbourethral glands in the male.
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Basal body temperature
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The oral temperature at rest, used for detection of ovulation
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Basophilic adenoma
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A benign tumor of the pituitary composed of basophilic cells
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Biphysical profile (BPP)
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a phsycial assessment of the fetus, inlcuding ultrasound eval of fetal movement, breathing movements, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume and electronic fetal heart monitoring
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Biphasic temperature curve
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A graph showing a basal body temperature in the luteal phase that is 0.-1degreesF higher than that of follicular phase which indicates that ovulation has occurred.
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Blood flow, uteroplacental
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the circulation byh which the fetus exchanges nutrients and waste products with the mother
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Breakthrough bleeding
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Endometrial bleeding that occurs at inappropriate times during the use of OCP
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Breech
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the buttocks - refers to fetal presentation
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Cancer staging
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the clinical evaluation of the extent of cancer
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Carcinoma in situ
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a neoplasm in which the tumor cells are confined by the BM of the epithelium of origin
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Cesarean delivery
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birth of the fetus through incisions made in the abdomen and uterine wall
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Chloasma (mas of pregnancy)
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irregular brownish patches of various sizes that may appear on the face during pregnancy or during the use of OCP
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Choriamnionitis
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inflammation of the fetal membranes (causes fetal tachycardia)
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Choriocarcinoma
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a malignant tumor composed of sheets of cellular and syncytial trophoblasts
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Chorionic villous sampling (CVS)
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transcervical or transabdominal sampling of the chorionic villi for cytogenic eval of the fetus
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Chromophobe adenoma
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an adenoma of the pituitary gland, consisting of cell that are neither acidophilic nor basophilic
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Climacteric
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the period of life or the syndrome of endocrine, somatic, and psychic changes that occur in women during th etransition form the reproductive to the nonreproductive state
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Clomiphene
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synthetic nonsteroidal compound that stimulates the maturation of follicles and therby ovulation as a reult of its antiestrogenic effect on hypothalamus
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Coitus interruptus
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withdrawl of penis during coits before ejaculation
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Colporrhaphy (Anterior)
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a surgical procedure to repair cystocele
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Colporrhaphy (Posterior)
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a surgical procedure to repair rectocele
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Colposcopy
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exam of the vagina and cervix via instrument that provides low magnification
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Condyloma acuminatum
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a benign, cauliflower-like growth on the genitalia, thought to be caused by HPV (human papillomavirus)
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Cone bx
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cone of cervical tissue excised for histo exam
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Contraception
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prevention of conception
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Cordocentesis (percutaneous umbilical blood sampling - PUBS)
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a fetal assessment and tx technique in which a needle is passed into an umbilical vessel and blood sampled or tx given
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Corpus luteum
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yellow endocrine structure formed in the ovary at the site of a ruptured ovarian follicle
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Cryptomenorrhea
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a condition in which menses occurs w/o external bleeding, as with an imperforate hymen
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Cul-de-sac
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the pouchlike cavity between the rectum and the uterus, formed by a fold of peritoneum
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Culdocentesis
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needle aspiration of intraperitoneal fluid or blood through a puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix into the cul-de-sac
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Culdoscopy
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visual examination of the female pelvic viscera by means of endoscope introduced into the pelvic cavity through the posterior vaginal fornix
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Curettage
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scraping the interior of a cavity or other surface with a curette
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Curettage (fractional)
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separate curettage of the endometrium and the endocervix for dx. Specimens are submitted separately for path examination.
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Curettage (suction)
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curettage using a suction catheter
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Cushing syndrome
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symptom complex caused by hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and sex hormones of the adrenal cortex
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Cystocele
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protrusion of the urinary bladder that creates a downward bulging of the anterior vaginal wall as a result of weakening of the pubocervical fascia
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Cystogram
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radiogram of th eurinary bladder after the injection of contrast medium
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Cystometry
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measurement of the function and capacity of the urinary bladder by P-V sudies
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Cystoscopy
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direct instrumental inspection of the interior of the urinary bladder
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Decidua
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identifable changes in the endometrium and other tissues in response to hormonal effects of progesterone
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Dermoid cyst
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see benign cyst teratoma
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Benign cyst teratoma
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the most common germ cell tumor, consisting of mature elements of all three germ layers (often called a dermoid cyst)
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Dilation
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the physiologic or instrumental opening of the cervix
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D immunoglobulin (Rh0(D) immunoglobin)
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an immunoprotein that prevents D sensitization
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, consumptive coagulopathy)
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An intravascular coagulation abnormality originally described by the obstetric complications of abruptio placentae and intrauterine fetal demise
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Double set-up
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the simultaneous availability of 2 sterile set-ups for both vaginal and abdominal operations
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Dysgerminoma
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a solid germ cell tumor of the ovary
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Dysmaturity
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intrauterine growth retardation to a small-for-dates baby, a/w placental insufficiency (late decels)
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Dysmenorrhea
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painful menstruation
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Dysontogenetic tumor
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a neoplasm caused by defective embryonal development
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Dyspareunia
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difficult or painful intercourse
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Dystocia
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abnormal or difficult labor
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Dysuria
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painful urination
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Eclampsia
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convulsive form of preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome
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Ectopic pregnancy
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a pregnancy located outside the uterine cavity
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Ectropion
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the growth of the columnar epithelium of the endocervix onto the ectocervix
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Effacement
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taking up, shortening (and thinning) of the cervix
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Embryo
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conceptus from teh blastocyst stage to the end of the 8th week
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Endometrial bx
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procedure of obtaining endometrial tissue for dx
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Endometriosis
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the presence of endometrial implants outside the normal intrauterine location
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Endoscopy
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instrumental visulaization of the interior of a hollow viscus
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Enterocele
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a herniation of the small intestine into the cul-de-sac, usually accompanied by (and sometiems confused w/) rectocele
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Episiotomy
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an incision made into the perineum to facilitate delivery and prevent laceration
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Estrogen replacement
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the exogenous administration of estrogren or estrogenic substances to overcome a deficiency or absence of the natural hormone
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Estrogen, unopposed
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the continuous and prolonged effect of estrogen on the endometrium, resulting from lack of progesterone
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Eversion
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see Ectropion
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Exenteration, pelvic
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the removal of all pelvic viscera, including the urinary bladder, rectum, or both
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Fern (ferning)
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the microscopic pattern of NaCl crystals as sen in estrogen stimulated cervical mucus or amniotic fluid
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Fetus
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the conceptus from 8w until birth
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Fibrocystic changes (breast)
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mammary disease characterized by fibrosis and formation of cysts in the fibrous stroma
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Foreplay
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the preliminary stages of sexual relations, in which the partners usually stimulate each other by kissing, touching, and caressing
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Frigidity
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an imprecise term, usually a reference to women, indicating sexual disinterest, unresponsiveness, or aversion
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Functional ovarin cyst
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a physiolgic cyst arising from the Graafian follicle or the corpus luteum
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Functioning ovarian tumor
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a hormone-producing ovarian neoplasm
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Functional dominance
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a condition in which uterine contractions are strongest at the top of the uterus and weakest in the lower uterine segment
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Galactorrhea
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the spontaneous flow of breast milk in the absence of a recent pregnancy
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Gender (sex) role
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an individual's understanding and feeling of the activity and behavior apprpriate to the male or female sex
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Gonadal agenesis
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the congenital absence of ovarian tissue, or its presence only as a rudimentary streak (Turner's- XO)
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Gonadal dysgenesis
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the congenitally defective development of the gonads
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
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glycoprotein hormone produced by syncytiotrophoblast and is immunologically similar to luteinizing hormone (LH), also structurally similar to TSH
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Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)
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preparation isolated from urine of postmenopausal women, consisting of primarily FSH with variable amounts of LH
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Pituitary gonadotropin
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gonad-stimulating anterior pituitary homones (FSH and LH)
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Granulosa cell tumor
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feminizing, estrogen-producing ovarian tumor
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Gravida
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pregnant woman
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Gravidity
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The pregnant state, the total number of pregnancies a woman has had, including her current pregnancy
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Hemoperitoneum
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blood in peritoneal cavity
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Hermaphrodite
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a person who exhibits a variance from chromosomal sex in one or more of the following criteria: 1.gonadal structure 2.structure of internal or external genitalia 3.hormonal status 4. sex of rearing (gender sex role). A true hermaphrodite may exhibit any of these anomalies but is characterized by the presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue.
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Hilus cell tumor
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an uncommon ovarian tumor usually a/w defeminization or virilization, has low incidence of malignancy
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Hirsutism
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development of various degrees of hair growth of male type and distribution in a woman
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Hormone repalcement tx (HRT)
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estrogen and progestin replacement tx
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Hot flushes (flashes)
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vasomotor symptom characterized by transient hot sensations that involve chiefly the upper part of the thorax, neck, and head, frequently followed by sweats, and a/w cessation of diminution in the ovarian secretion of estrogen
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Hydatidiform mole
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pathologic condition of pregancy characterized by the hydropic degeneration of the chorionic villi and variable degrees of trophoblastic proliferation.
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Hydramnios
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excessive amounts (more than 2L) of amniotic fluid at term
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Hyperplasia, endometrial
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the abnormal proliferation of the endometrium with marked increase in the number of glands or cystic dilation of glands. These changes may be related to prolonged unopposed estrogen stimulation. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia is sometimes a precursor to carcinoma of the endometrium.
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Hyperthecosis (cortical hyperplsia, thecomatosis)
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Proliferation of the ovarian cortical stroma, usually in the postmenopausal state. May be a/w increased estrogen and androgen production.
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Hypertonic intraamniotic saline or urea
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hypertonic saline (usually 20% soln) or urea injected into the amniotic cavity by amniocentesis, usually initiates the onset of labor w/ death of the fetus. has been used to induce abortion in pregnancies of 15-20w of gestation.
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Hypoestrogenism
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condition of subnormal estrogen production w/ resultant atrophy or failure of development of estrogen-dependent tissues
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Hypofibrinogenemia
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deficiency (usually <100mg%) of circulating fibrinogen that may be seen in conditions such as abruptio placentae, amniotic fluid embolism, and fetal death, in whch the fibrinogen is consumed by DIC
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Hypogonadism
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subnormal production of hormones by the gonads
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HYSTERECTOMY (abdominal)
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removal of uterine corpus and cervix through an incision made in the abdominal wall
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HYSTERECTOMY (radical)
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the removal of the uterine corpus, cervix, parametrium, with dissection of the ureters, usually combined w/ pelvic lymphadenectomy
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HYSTERECTOMY (laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy - LAVH)
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combination of laparoscopy (pelviscopy) w/ vaginal surgery techniques to remove the uterus and frequently the adnexae
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HYSTERECTOMY (subtotal/supracervical)
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removal of the uterine corpus, leavin the cervix in situ.
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HYSTERECTOMY (total)
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removal of the uterine corpus and cervix (w/o regard to tubes or ovaries)
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HYSTERECTOMY (vaginal)
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removal of the uterus through the vagina
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Hysterosalpingography
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roentgenography of uterus and tubes after injection of radiopaque contrast medium through the cervix. Useful in ascertaining irregularities of the uterine cavity and patency of the fallopian tubes.
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Hysteroscopy
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transcervical endoscopic visualization of the endometrial cavity
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Hysterotomy
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surgical incision of the wall of the uterus
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Immaturity
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The condition of a fetus weighing 500-999g at birth
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Imperforate hymen
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Failure of a lumen to develop at a point where the budding vagina arises from the urogenital sinus
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Impotence
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The inability to achieve or sustain penile erection
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Incoordinate uterine activity
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Lack of a synchronous contraction pattern from the fundus toward the cervix, resulting in ineffective labor
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Infertility
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the inability to achieve pregnancy with regular intercourse and no contraception within a tipulated period of time, often 1-2y
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Intervillous space
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The space in the placenta in which maternal blood bathes chorionic villie, thus allowing the exchange of materials between the fetal and maternal circulations
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Intraductal papilloma
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a benign mammary tumor, multiple, occuring predominantly in parous women at or shortly before menopause. It is typically located beneath the areola and is a/w bleeding from nipple
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Intrauterine device (IUD)
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a device inserted into the uterine cavity for contraception
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Intrauterine Fetal Demise (IUFD, stillbirth)
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intrauterine death of a fetus. A fetal death prior to 20w is classified as an abortus.
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Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)
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leads to small-for-dates baby, a/w placental insufficiency
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intromission
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introduction of penis into the vagina
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Justice
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ensuring or maintaining what is considered to be just or fair according to predetermined criteria
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Karyotype
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photographic reproduction of chromosomes of a cell in metaphase, arranged according to a standard classification
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Labor
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the process of expulsion of the fetus from the uterus
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Labor (induced)
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labor initiated artificially
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Labor (stimulated/augmented)
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stimulated, usually w/ oxytocin
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Lactogen, human placental (hPL)
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polypeptide hormone produced by syncytiotrophoblast, simlar to prolactin and somatotropin from the pituitary, involved in CHO metabolism by mother and fetus
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Laparoscopy
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transabdominal endoscopic exam of peritoneal cavity and its contents after inducing pneumoperitoneum
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Leiomyoma (fibroid)
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benign tumor derived from smooth m.
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Leiomyosarcoma
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uncommon malignant tumor of smooth m.
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Leukoplakia
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An imprecise clinical term usually referring to white lesions of the vulva
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Levator m.
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The muscular sheet, consisting of the iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis m. - forms most of the pelvic floor (pelvic diaphragm) and supports the pelvic viscera.
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Libido
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sexual desire or urge
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Lie
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relationship of long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother. Examples are longitudinal, transverse, and oblique.
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Ligament (cardinal)
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Dense CT that represents the union of the base of the broad ligament to the supravaginal portion of the cervix and laterally to the sides of the pelvis. It is considered to be the primary support of the uterus.
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Ligament (uterosacral)
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the peritoneal folds containing CT, autonomic n., and involuntary m., arising on each side of the posterior wall of the uterus at about the level of the internal cervical os and passing backward toward the rectum, around which they extend to their insertion on the sacral wall. it is considered to play an important part in axial support of the uterus.
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Ligation, tubal
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surgical or mechanical interruption of the continuity of the fallopian tubes for permanent contraception
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LMP
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last menstrual period
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LNMP
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last normal menstrual period
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Mastitis
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inflammation of the breast
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Masturbation
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sexual stimulation by manipulation of the genitals
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Maturation index
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the ratio of parabasal to intermediate to superficial vaginal epithelial cell (0/20/80 eg)
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Maturity
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condition of the fetus weighing 2500g or more
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Membranes, premature rupture of (PROM)
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rupture of amniotic membranes before onset of labor
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Menarche
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onset of menses
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Menopause
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permanent cessation of menses, caused by ovarian failure
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Menorrhagia
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excessive or prolonged uterine bleeding occurring at regular intervals
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Metaplasia
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a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another cell type. The most common type of epithelial metaplasia is the replacement of columnar cells by stratified epithelium (squamous metaplasia)
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Metrorrhagia
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uterine bleeding occurring at times other than expected menses; eg: intermenstrual bleeding
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Metromenorrhagia
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excessive/prolonged and irregular uterine bleeding
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Midpelvis
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an imaginary plane that passes through the pelvis and is defined by three points; the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis and the tips of the ischial spines on either side. The plane usually includes teh smallest dimension of the pelvis.
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Mortality
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a fatal outcome
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Mortality (fetal)
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death of the conceptus between 8w of gestation and birth
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Mortality (stillbirth-intrauterine fetal demise-IUFD)
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death of a fetus before birth. For purposes of perinatal vital stats the fetus must be over 20w gestational age or over 500g in weight.
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Mortality (maternal)
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death of the mother
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Mortality (neonatal)
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Death of the infant in the 1st 28d of life.
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Mortality (perinatal)
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death of the fetus or neonate between 20w of gestation and 28d after birth. It is the sum of stillbirths and neonatal deaths.
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Mosaicism
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presence in an individual of cells of different chromosomal constitutions
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Mucus, cervical
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the secretion of the cervical mucous glands; its quality and quantity are influenced by estrogen and progesterone. Estrogren makes it abundant and clear, with Spinnbarkeit and fern pattern on drying. Progesterone makes it scant, opaque, and cellular w/o a fern pattern on microscopic exam.
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Neonatal
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referring to the first 28d of life
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Nonstress test (NS)
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evaluation of the fetus by electronic fetal heart monitoring, not in labor
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Oligomenorrhea
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infrequent menstruation
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Orgasm
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climax of sexual excitement
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Osteoporosis
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atrophy of bone caused by demineralization
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Ovulation, induction of
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stimulation of ovulation by artifical means (clomiphene)
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Oxytocin
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an octapeptide formed in hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary. It has stimulant effects on smooth m. of the uterus and mammary glands.
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Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear)
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cytologic smear of exfoliated cells - from the cervix, endometrial cavity, or vagina_ used in the early detection of cancer or for evaluation of a patient's hormonal status.
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Parity
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number of pregnancies of a particular woman in which the fetus is over 20w gestation prior to delivery.
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Pelvic floor
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the floor or sling for the pelvic structures, located at the level of the pelvic outlet. The most important structures are the levator ani m. and fascial sheaths.
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
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an infection of the pelvic viscera, usually by ascending routes. The likely etiologic pathogens include: Neisseria gonorrheoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, other anaerobic and aerobic organisms
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Pelvic inlet
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an imaginary plane passing through the pelvis that represents the upper boundary of the true pelvis. It is bounded posteriorly by the promontory and alae of the sacrum, laterally by the linea terminals, and anteriorly by the horizontal rami of the pubic bones and the upper margin of the symphysis pubis.
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Pelviscopic surgery
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laparoscopic surgery using multiple small incisions, specialized instruments and techniques.
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Perinatal
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pertaining to the combination of fetal and neonatal periods, considered to begin after 20w of gestation to the end of 28d after birth.
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Perineorrhaphy
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plastic repair of the perineum
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Perineum
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the pelvic floor and associated structures occupying the pelvic outlet
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Pessary
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a device placed in the vagina or uterus to support the uterus
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Placenta previa
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a condition in which the placenta is located in the lower portion of the uterus and covers part or all of the internal os
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PMP
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previous mentrual period
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Pneumoperitoneum
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presence of air in peritoneal cavity
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (Stein-leventhal syndrome)
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syndrome secondary to oligomenorrhea and infertility a/w multiple follicle cysts of the ovary and failure to ovulate (excessive estrogren and androgen production)
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Polymenorrhea
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cyclical uterine bleeding that is normal in amoutn but occurs at too frequent intervals
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Position
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the relationship of a designated point on the presenting part of the fetus to the maternal pelvis (eg: left occiput anterior - LOA)
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Postmenopausal bleeding
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bleeding from the uterus, cervix, or vagina that occurs after menopase
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Postpartum
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after delivery or childbirth
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Postterm pregnancy
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pregnancy prolonged beyond the end of the 42nd w of gestation.
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Preeclampsia
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a specific hypertensive d/o of pregnancy w/ the dx made on the basis of HTN w/ proteinuria, edema, or both. usually occurs after 20th w of pregnancy.
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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
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a complex of sx occurring int he progestational phase of the menstrual cycle
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Presentation
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the portion of the body of the fetus coming first in the birth canal, eg: vertex, breech, shoulder
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Presenting part
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the portion of the fetus that is felt through the cervix on vaginal exam, determines presentation
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Primigravida
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a woman who is pregnant for the 1st time
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Prolapse (cord)
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condition in which the umbilical cord precedes presenting part of fetus.
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Prolapse (uterine)
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prolapse of uterus, usually d/t loss of supporting structures. Related to injuries of childbirth, advanced age, congenital weakness.
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Pseudocyesis
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false pregnancy, some of the signs and x of pregnancy are present, although no conception has taken place
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Puberty
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period between the beginning of the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the completion of somatic growth
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Puberty (delayed)
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lack of appearance of secondary sexual characteristics by at 14
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Puberty (precocious)
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the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before 7.5y of age
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Puerperium
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period after delivery in which the reproductive tract returns to its normal nonpregnant condition, takes 6-8w
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Quickening
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first perception by mother of fetal movement, usually between 16th-20thw gestation
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Rectocele
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protrustion of rectum through supporting structures of posterior vaginal wall
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Reflux, tubal
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retrograde flow of uterine or tubal contents into the abdominal cavity
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Rhythm (periodic abstinence)
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method of contraception in which coitus is avoided when ovulation is likely
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Rubella (german measles, 3d measles)
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an acute exanthematous viral disease that may cause fetal malformation if contracted during the first trimester of pregnancy
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Salpingo-oophorectomy
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surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary
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Schiller test
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application of solution of iodine to cervix. Iodine is taken up by glycogen in normal vaginal epithelium, giving it a brown appearance. Areas lacking glycogen are white or whitish yellow, as in leukoplakia or cancer. Although nonstaining areas are not dx of cancer, they aid in choosing the post to which a bx should be directed.
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Secondary sexual characteristics
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physical changes that have occurred in response to endocrine changes during puberty
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Semen analysis
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evaluation of components of semen, especially spermatozoa, as a means of ealuating male fertility.
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Sexuality
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the physiologic and pscyhologic expression of sexual behavior. Periods of infancy, adolescence, adulthood, and postclimacteric state each have characteristic manifestations of sexuality
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Sim-Huhner test (post coital test)
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a test for infertility in which cervical mucus is aspirated after coitus and examined for quality and presence or absence of infection. Motility, normality, and number of sperm are noted.
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Skene glands
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vestibular glands that open into and around urethra
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Somatomammotropic, chorionic
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see hPL
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Sonography (ultrasonography, ultrasound)
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in obstetrics and gynecology, a dx aid in which high-frequency sound waves are used to image pelvic structures in pregnant and non-pregnat parties
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Spinnbarkeit
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the ability of the cervical mucous to be drawn out into thread, characteristically great in ther preovulatory and ovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle.
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Station
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the location of the fetal presenting part (leading bony point) relative to the level of the ischial spines. Station +2 means the preseting part is 2cm below ischial spines. Station-1 means the presenting part is 1cm above ischial spines.
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Sterility
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absolute inability to procreate
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Stress incontinence
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involuntary leakage of urine during an increase in intraabdominal pressure as a result of weakness of the supports of the internal vesical sphincter and bladder neck
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Striae gravidum
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streaks or lines seen on the abdominal skin of a pregnant woman.
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Supine hypotensive syndrome
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a hypotensive syndrome often characterized by sweating, nausea, tachycardia. It occurs in some pregnant women in the supine position when the pregnant uterus obstructs venous return to heart.
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Teratogen
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an agent or factor that produces physical defects in the developing embryo
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Testicular feminization
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a syndrome of androgen insensitivity characterized by primary amenorrhea, a female phenotype, testes (abdominal or inguinal) instead of ovaries, the absence of a uterus, and a male genotype
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Thecoma
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a functioning ovarian tumor composed of theca cells
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Thelarche
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the onset of devleopment of breast
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Trimester
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a period of 3 months. Period of gestation is divided into three units of three calendar months each. Some important obstetric events may be conveniently categorized by trimesters.
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Trophoblast
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the epithelium of the chorion, covering the placental villi. It comprises a cellular layer (cytotrophoblast) and syncytium (syncytiotrophoblast)
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Tubercles, Montgomery
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the enlarged sebaceous glands of the areolae of the mammary glands during late pregnancy and lactation
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Urethrocele
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protrusion of urethra through supporting structures of anterior wall
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Vasectomy
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surgical interruption of ductus (vas) deferens for permanent contraception.
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VBAC
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vaginal birth after cesarean delivery
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Viability
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the condition of a fetus weighing 500g or more, the ability to live independently outside the uterus
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Virilization
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development of masculine traits in a female
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Withdrawl bleeding
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uterine bleeding after interruption of hormonal support of the endometrium
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