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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List at least 2 Reasons why we should develop preventive efforts for eating disorders
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1. Large portion 25% or college students have preoccupation with weight and body dissatisfaction, 10 ednos and 2-3 BN
2. Studies have linked excessive weight concerns with sub clinical and clinical eating disorders with both short and longterm consequences. 3. Eating disorders are treatment resistent so better to try and prevent them-->relapse rates, cost 4. Binge eating is risk factor for obesity so preventing that could lessen severity of obesity |
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List some general risk factors for eating disorders
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Caucasian race
parental bmi maternal eating disturbances social stress weight concerns dieting Social biological processes |
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List and Give an example for each level of risk group in preventive interventions
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1. Universal-->non-smoking campaigns
2. Selective-->those whose risk is higher than average--> lower ses, obesi 3. Indicated-->high risk individuals with minimal but detectable signs 4. Relapse and comorbidity->Individuals who have had an eating disorder |
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What is the rationale for using a targeted approach to prevention?
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More motivated to join
can study affects of decreasing risk factors have shown to b effective in other areas |
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List atleast 4 advantages to Web-based interventions.
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anonmity
reduction of geographical issues can recieve encouragement from peers cost effective |
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Summarize the student bodies Program and findings
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8 week cognitive behavrioal program designed to help high risk college aged women.
Findings: hgh compliancy rate, high risk reduced changes of ED at end, was modestly effective, high association btw compliacy and effectiveness. |
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What was significant about the student bodies program?
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first to show wieght and body image concerns is causal risk factor for ED
First to show high risk individual prgram can prevent onset first to show cost effective prevention can have longterm effect on women |
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List 2 next steps for prevention research.
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replicate findings
make ED risk factors easier to test for and ensure materials are easy. |
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Summarize the expanded risk factor model for ED
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risk factors for eating disorders are apart of a complex network of interactions btw individual and environment such as emotion and personal characteristics
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Summarize the enhanced student bodies program
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used synchonous, real time intervention. included negative affect and interpersonal functioning.
found to b effective in improving body image concerns adn disordered eating. |
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Summarize the second student bodies program
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Internet based prevention program Targeted overweight adolescents, 8 weeks. Pyshcoeducation, monitoring, goal setting. Results small but significant. Had reduced stress and no increase in disordered ideology. Showed internet based program can b effective with adolescents
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Define obesity. What are the current trends? What is driving this? what is the bmi for obese?
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level of adiposity resulting in increase in mortality. more than half us are obese. obese are getting bigger. thin to overweight tend to stay the same. bmi at or greater than 30 is obese, 25 for overweight. less is normal
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What is teh impact of obesity? List 3 comorbid conditions.
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comorbid diseases
high medical cost increased mortality diabetes, hypertension, certain cancers |
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List and explain 3 psychosocial consequences of obesity
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depression
discrimination-->weightism low self esteem |
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Explain the impact of obesity on self percieved quality of life. What is health related quality of life?
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is significantly lower than normal weight people. In fact one of the major personal results of obesity.
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Is it possible for obseity to be caused by genetic and birth disorders? What is another cause?
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YES, although very rare. Medications, antipsychotics adn ssri's
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Is body weight heritable? Evidnence? Relate this to obesity
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YES. twin studies, fraternal have more weight variablity htan identical. Adoption studies, danish study where found adopted kids of overweight parents in normal weight household were still more likely to be overweight.
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What is the argument for environmental contributions to obesity? Evidence?
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recent rise cannot b attributed to genetics alone. Pima indians. descrbe.
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What is the accepted cause of obesity?
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positive energy balance. too much in not enough out.
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How would you answer an obese person who says they follow a strict calorie diet and still cant lose weight? What do they think? Evidence?
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tend to overreport exersie and underreport food intake.
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what is the relationship btw poverty and obeisty?
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higher poverty areas and afric american areas have less acces to healthy food, like marketts, in comparison to higher income areas. Ex. Detroit study, higher population but significantly less market.
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List some environmental changes in intake.
In children? What is the effect of portion size on intake? |
higher portion sizes
healthy food less accessible. increased snacking and soft drink consumption increased meals away from home. leads to higher intake. |
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What is the significance of the Taq1 allele found in many obese individuals.
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makes food more rewarding bc of release of dopamine. normal weight individuals with this gene find food less rewarding.
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List the benefits of modest weight loss
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lowered risk and improved medical conditions ,cholesterol, blood pressure
improved psychological functioning: sefl esteem and depression |
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what are the 3 treatments of obesity the medical model promotes?
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lifestyle change
pharmocuetical surgery, for more severe. |
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What is the effect of most short term weight loss programs? what could improve them? how? evidence?
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weight regain in 5 years. maintenence program. Study that compared weight loss treatment w.o maintence to one with maintence after year the one with had gained half of their wight back but other had maintianed.
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What is the behavioral weight loss approach to obesity? Summarize this treatemtn.
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combine physical intervention with dietary.
maintence program importance, look at obesity as a chronic condition requiring continous care Goal is for healthy weight, not ideal weight for that person. behavioarl and cognitive interventions |
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List key elements to the physical activity intervention
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gradually introduce exercise
experiemnt with types: home vs outside short vs long increments functional lifestyle vs traditional |
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Summarize behavior therapy for obesity. List 4 components
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target behaviors that contribute to positive energy
goal setting, specific measurable and reacheable goals planing cognitive skills self monitoring socail support |
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List some cardinal behaviors that have been found in successful longterm weight management.
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sefl monitoring
low cal adn fat diet eat breakfast dialy exercise |
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How do antiobesity drugs work?
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meridia and orlistate, both have bad side affects. meridia increases satiety. orlistate causes body to reject fat
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What are the four defined goal weights?
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dream
ideal happy disappointed. most people didnt reach disappointed weight, non reached dream. |
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How can we help overweight patients accept more?
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be direct abt what treatment can and cannot do
discuss biological limits focus on nonweight outcomes |
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What is the primary treatment for obesity?
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lifestyle modification. bwl shows dissapointing outcomes
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summarize childhood obesity. Why shoudl obese children and adolescents be treated?
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has increased, similar health outcome as in adults. 70 go on to b obese adults
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What contributes to obesity in children
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dietary changes, increased snacking, food outside of home, more soda
tv watching sedentary activities and less physical exercices in schools |
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List and describe 5 health consequences to childhood overweight
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type ii diabetes
high cholerteral, hypertension heart problems sleep apnea |
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What are some social and psychological consequences of childhood obesity
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depresion
low SE stigmatized as fat lazy, dirty. lower social skills |
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How are the affects of treatment for kids different from adults? why?
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More effective. have less established habits
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summarize the social ecological model of treatment. which treatment is this combined with?
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asserts that all functions of a child's social life has an impact on their eating behaviors and exerciese
Parents closest Peers next closest Community on outside. |
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what are the core componets of a treatment that can b manipulated? what the relation btw outcome and duration? y?
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duration-->the longer the better the outcome, possibly cuz theres more time to regularize new + behaviors.
dosage |
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Summarize the childhood obesity weight loss maintence treatment study. whats the difference btw behavioral skills and social facilitation?
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compared maintenence programs to a control group. Systems maintenence had better results than behavioral skill maintenence, altho not significantly. Both were significantly better than control education conditoin. social facilitation places an emphasis on helping children to cope and deal with teasing and helping them find a supportive peer grp. kids with better soical skills initailly did better
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Summarize the stoplight diet
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Red is stop, high fat, low nutrition food and dense calorie, ice cream, chocolate
Yellow, proceed with caution, higher calorie food with more nutrition, like pastas adn cerials Green, Go! Low calorie, high nutrition food, fruits veges etc. Idea that there are no bad foods. |
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List 3 criterias for successful management of childhood obesity
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use of modeling
creation of supportive home environment incentive system for change. |
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Summarize the general treatment approach.
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involve parents and families.
Emphasize longterm gradual change early intervention education on medical risks associated with obesity |
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Which treatment for childhood obesty is most effective currently? Benefits? is parental involvement important?
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Child and family based treatment. YES!
more exercise, lower of health condition, lower risk of adult mortality, psychological adjustment |
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How are the affects of treatment for kids different from adults? why?
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better, kids are more maliable, have less established habits, require less motivation, have less fat cells, grow
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What are some social and psychological consequences of childhood obesity
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not as skilled socailly
self esteem and depression issues bad body image, internalize teasing dont have as many firends, last to b picked. |
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List and describe 5 health consequences to childhood overweight
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type ii diabetes
hypertension high cholestorol sleep aphnea high mortality in adulthood |
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What contributes to obesity in children
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high pop and sugar
eating food outside of home sedentary activities lesss opportunity in school for physical exercise. |
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Name and summarize the two models of symptom maintainence for BED. affectiveness?
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cbt-->social pressures lead to thoughts sourrounding weight body shape, etc; dietary restraint then binging
ipt; interpersonal issues leads to feeling bad, deppressed, leads to eating food to feel better leads to binging. |
