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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary Dysmenorrhea
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•!Begins with menarche
•!No abnormal pathological cause •!Treatment –!Heat – relaxes muscles & decreases uterine ischemia –!Massage – relaxes muscles & increases pelvic blood supply –!Biofeedback, medication, low fat diet –!NSAIDS – anti-inflammatory –!BC Pill – inhibits ovulation & decreases Menses |
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Amenorrhea
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•!Absence of flow
•!Causes: –!Anxiety –!Fatigue –!Chronic Illness –!Extreme dieting (often seen in Anorexia Nervosa) –!Extreme training (low weight or low body fat, often seen in Olympic athletes or marathon runners –!PCOS |
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Secondary Dysmenorrhea
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•!Starts later (25 years old or more) after years of painless
menstruation •!Pain usually starts several days before menses •!Causes: –!Endometriosis –!PID –!Polyps –!Fibroids |
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Metrorrhagia
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Bleeding between periods
•!In adolescence (middle straining) •!When on BC pills (breakthrough bleeding) •!Vaginal infections •!Uterine carcinoma or cysts |
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Menorrhagia
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•!Unusually heavy flows (over 80cc) or saturating pad or
tampon in about 1 hr •!Puberty or near menopause more common •!Causes: –!Endometriosis –!Blood dyscrasia –!Cycle not yet developed •!Anemia can result •!Treatment –!BC pills, Progesterone, Iron supplement |
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Endometriosis
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•!Tissue outside of uterus
•!Responds to hormones during cycle & causes pain •!“Menses” of these tissues collect in cyst-like sacs – rupture causes PAIN |
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Endometriosis Symptoms
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–!Dysmenorrhea (painful menses)
–!Infertility –!Pelvic pain –!Dyspareunia (pain with intercourse) –!Irregular bleeding |
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Endometriosis Treatment
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•!Medication
–!Estrogen & Progestin (stop menses) –!Danazol (synthetic androgen) causes pseudo-menopause •!Side effects- causes Amenorrhea, Sometimes weight gain –!Leuprolide (gonatropin-releasing analog)causes hypoestrogenic state (similar to menopause) •!Side effects-Headache,Hot flashes, Edema |
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Endometriosis Treatment (cont)
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•!Surgery
–!Removal of endometrial cysts –!Vary in severity –!Drug therapy is often used first to shrink areas |
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Toxic Shock Syndrome
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•!Caused by staphylococcus that penetrates vaginal wall
–!Tampons left too long (use pads at night) –!“super” Tampons •!Symptoms: (can be life threatening) –!N & V –!Temp > 102 F –!Decreased renal & liver function –!Shock |
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PMS
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Symptoms occur between ovulation & menses
•!Irritability •!Lethargy •!Depression •!Migraines !Asthma, nasal congestion •!N & V, cravings, hypoglycemia •!Oliguria, fluid retention •!Acne •!Mammary swelling & tenderness •!Hormone imbalance •!Serotonin imbalance |
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PMS - Tx
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–!Restrict ETOH, chocolate, caffeine, red meat, salt, sugar
–!Vitamin B-6 (decrease anxiety) –!Vitamin E (decrease breast tenderness) –!Psychotropic drugs –!Progesterone –!Diuretics |
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Menopause
Can Lead To |
Hot flashes
Night sweats Vaginal atrophy Discomfort Interrupted sleep Fatigue, mood changes Vaginal irritation, painful sex Bone loss Osteoporosis Fractures Decrease HDL Increase LDL Increase cholesterol Increased risk for clogged arteries Increased risk for CAD |
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Hormone Replacement-
Estrogen and Progesterone |
•!Post hysterectomy – only use estrogen
•!Breast self-exam •!Mammogram •!Annual pap •!Need for Calcium |
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Hormone Replacement •!Combination therapy
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•!Prempro (estrogen & progestin)
–!Increases the risk of: •!Breast cancer •!Clots and gallbladder disease •!Heart disease •!Irregular vaginal bleeding |
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Hormone Replacement
•!Estrogen |
–!The longer one is exposed to estrogen the greater the risk of
breast cancer & endometrial cancer •!HRT •!Early menarche (before 12) •!Late menopause (after 55) |
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Hormone Replacement
•!Alternative therapy |
–!Increase fiber, decrease fat diet, Vitamin D & E,
Phytoestrogens (soy) •!Exercise – weight bearing & resistance •!Relaxation •!Calcium Supplement |
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Chlamydia
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Reportable disease
•!Gram Negative bacteria •!If a person has Gonorrhea the MD will usually treat for Chlamydia also because it is so prevalent |
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Gonorrhea
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•!Reportable disease
•!Gram negative Diplococus •!Resistant strains •!Many have both Chlamydia & Gonorrhea •!Treatment –!Co-treat for both infections •!Rocephin •!Doxycycline |
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PID
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•!Untreated STD can cause permanent damage to female
reproductive organs •!Need prompt and appropriate treatment •!Sometimes silent invasion and scarring •!Total blockage/damaged tube – ectopic pregnancy •!Chronic pelvic pain |
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Syphilis
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•!Stages
–!Primary – chancre (lips, genital areas) –!Secondary – hair loss, rash (palms, soles & mucus membranes), moist papules (anal & genital) –!Latent – no S & S –!Late – (Tertiary) – destructive bone & skin lesions, heart failure & valve involvement, CNS involvement |
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Herpes
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Virus along the course of a nerve
•!“Herpes is Forever” •!Can cause neurological damage •!In Pregnancy •!Zovirax |
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Chondylomata Acuminata
(Genital Warts)(HPV) |
•!Linked to cervical cancer
•!May form large clumps •!Can be spread to newborn •!Treatment –!Condylox/ –!Cryotherapy –!Laser –!Surgical excision |
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Gardiasil
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•!9-26 year olds
•!Protection from some strains of HPV |
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Domestic Abuse
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•!Affects 2-4 million women each year
•!Physical (battery) •!Sexual •!Verbal •!Psychological •!Economic coercion •!Affects all segments of society •!May begin with threats and escalate |
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Characteristics of Abusive Relationships
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•!Low self esteem
•!Poor uneducated women •!Believe they are to blame •!May have history of violence growing up •!Fear societal rejection |
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Mastagia
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•!Pain in breast (70% of women)
•!Usually due to hormone influence & related to menses •!Breast fullness or heaviness •!If new condition may need mammogram |
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Uterine Relaxation Problems
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•!Cystocele
•!Rectocele •!Prolapsed uterus •!Fistulas |
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Cystocele
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Protrusion of bladder through the anterior vaginal wall
•!Vaginal wall is weak •!Urethra is displaced •!Can cause stress incontinence |
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Fistulas
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Tear or ulcer in an organ
•!Can be caused by: –!Cancer –!Surgery –!Difficult delivery –!Radium implants |
