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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Core Job Dimensions leading to Experienced Meaningfulness at Work (A critical Psychological State)
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Skill Variety - The degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities
Task Identity - The degree to which the job requires completion of a "whole" and identifiable piece of work- job from beg. to end Task Significance - The degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people. |
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Core Job Dimensions leading to Knowledge of Results (A critical Psychological State)
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Feedback - The degree to which carrying out the work activites required by the job results in the individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance.
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Core Job Dimensions leading towards Experienced Responsibility (A critical Psychological State)
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Autonomy - The degree to which the job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.
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Motivating Potential Score (MPS) =
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Experienced Meaningfulness at work A.K.A
(Skill Variety+Task Identity+Task Significance)/3 x Experienced Responsibility AKA Autonomy x Knowledge of Results AKA Feedback |
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What is Organizational Behavior?
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a field of study devoted to understanding, explaining, and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations.
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What are the two primary outcomes of interest in organizational behavior?
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Job Performance and Organizational Commitment
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What are Individual Mechanisms?
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Job Satisfaction
Stress Motivation Trust, Justice, and Ethics Learning and Decision Making |
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What is the resource-based view of organizations?
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A perspective that describes what exactly makes resources valuable, and therefore capable of creating long-term profits for the firm.
(AKA financial, physical, decision making, ability, and wisdom of the workforce.) |
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What does the resource-based view of organizations suggest in terms of valuable resources?
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Rare=more valuable
Inimitable=more valuable (it can't be imitated) (Socially complex resources - can't develop culture) (History - longer existing brands are recognized more) (Small decisions - little things that employees do are not viewed by competitors to make the big picture) |
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What is the rule of one-eighth?
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A rule that explains why so few organizations are truly effective at how they manage their people
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About how many organizations follow OB?
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about 12%
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What is meta-analysis?
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Takes all of the correlations found in studies of a particular relationship and calculates a weighted average.
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What are the 3 levels of analysis used in studying organizations?
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Organizational Processes (communication, regulation)
Group Processes (teams, leadership) Individual Processes (decision making) |
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What is job performance?
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The value of the set of employee behaviors that contribute either positively or negatively, to organizational goal accomplishment
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What are 3 aspects of job performance?
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Task performance (think of job descriptions... what an employee must do to get compensation)
Citizenship behavior Counterproductive behavior |
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How to identify key task behaviors.
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Routine task performance - well-known responses to demands that occur in a normal, routine, or otherwise predictable way.
Adaptive task performance - Involves employee responses to task demands that are unpredicatable, |
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What is the occupational information network?
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An online database that includes the characteristics of most jobs in terms of tasks, behaviors, and the required knowledge, skills, and abilities
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What are 2 aspects of citizenship behavior?
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Interpersonal citizenship (voluntary behaviors that benefit coworkers and colleagues such as helping, courtesy, and sportsmanship.)
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (voluntary behaviors that benefit the larger organization such as voice, civic virtue, and boosterism.) |
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What is counterproductive behavior? What are some specific examples?
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Property Deviance - behaviors that harm the organization's assets and possessions
AKA sabotage and theft Production Deviance - behaviors that intentionally reduce the efficiency of work output, such as wasting resources and substance abuse. Political Deviance - Behaviors that intentionally disadvantage other employees such as gossiping and incivility. Personal Aggression - Hostile verbal and phsyical actions directed towards other employees. AKA Harassment or abuse |
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What is affective commitment?
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A desire to remain a member of an organization due to an emotional attachment to, and involvement with, that organization.
WANT TO STAY |
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What is continuance Commitment
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The desire to remain a member of an organization because of the costs associated with leaving it.
NEED TO STAY |
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What is normative commitment?
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A desire to remain a member of an organization due to a feeling of obligation
OUGHT TO STAY |
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What is focus of commitment?
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The various people, places, and things that can inspire a desire to remain a member of an organization.
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What is the erosion model?
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Employees with fewer bonds will be most likely to quit the organization.
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What is the social influence model?
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employees will leave if their friends leave.
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What is the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework?
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Caputres most of the possible responses to a negative work event. - withrawal behavior
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Stars react with
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Voice
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Citzens react with
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Loyalty
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Lone wolves react with
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Exit
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Apathetics react with
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neglect
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What are the three models of withdrawl?
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Independent forms Model - Actions are not coorelated
Compensatory forms model - various withdrawal behaviors negatively correlate with one another Progression model - ur more likely to do one action if you do the other. |
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What is the value-percept theory?
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Job satisfcation depends on whether you perceive that your job supplies the things that you value.
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What are the aspects of the job characteristics theory?
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Meaningfulness of work
(variety, identity, significance) Responsibility for outcomes (autonomy) Knowledge of results (feedback) VISAF! |
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What is emotional labor?
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The need to manage emotions to complete job duties successfully AKA flight attendants
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What is primary appraisal?
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When people initially look at a the meaning and significance of a demand and see how demanding it is. (in relation to stress)
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What is a stressor?
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The particular demand that causes stress
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What is a strain?
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The negative result when a demand exceeds the abilities of a person
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Whhat are benign job demands?
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Job demands that don't need primary appraisal
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What is a hinderence stressor?
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A stressor that most people perceive as non-beneficial to personal growth.
Role conflict Role ambiguity Role Overload Daily Hassles |
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What is a challenge stressor?
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A stressor that appears beneficial to personal growth
Time Pressure Work Responsibility Work Complexity |
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What is role conflict?
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Conflicting ideas of what OTHER people perceive our roles as. eg. Mother vs. employer.
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What is role ambiguity?
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Unclear role description
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What is role overload?
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When asked to be in a role that the demands exceeds capabilities
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What are daily hassles?
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The relatively minor day-to-day interruptions. e-mails etc.
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What is time pressure?
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The sense that you just don't have time to complete a demand.
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What is work complexity?
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When demands exceed knowledge.
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What is work responsibility?
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The relation of one person's work on others.
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What are the effects of job sharing?
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Job sharing is the sharing of responsibilities which decrease role conflict.
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what is second apprasial?
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How people cope with stressors
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What is general adaptative syndrome? (GAS)
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The way people get stressed:
Alarm Reaction Stage of Resistance Stage or Exhaustion |
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What is burnout?
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The degree of emotional, mental and physical exhaustion
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What are different techniques for reducing stress?
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Relaxation Technique - Training employees to participate in different things to reduce stress such as yoga.
Cognitive Behavioral Technique - Help people rationalize e.g. "It's not so bad" Health and wellness programs - explanatory |
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Wha are ways we learned affects stress
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If ur type A personality
Your social support |
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What is expectancy theory?
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The cognitive process employees go through to choose to do one thing over another.
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What is motivational force?
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Part of the expectancy theory.
Motivational Force=Expectancy*Instrumentality*Valence |
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What is the goal-setting theory
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Goal driven motivation
Specific and difficult goals will motivate |
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What is equity theory?
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Motivation depends on other's rewards also
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