Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
causal organisms for STIs
|
bacteria
viruses protozoa parasites |
|
|
bacteria
|
chlamydia
gonorrhea syphilis chancrod lymphogranuloma verereum gentical mycoplasmas group B strep |
|
|
protozoa
|
trichomoniasis
|
|
|
viruses
|
HIV
HSV I & HSV II cytomegalovirus hepatitis B & C HPV |
|
|
parasites
|
pediculosis
scabies |
|
|
primary and secondary prevention of STI
|
primary: discuss safe sex, make sure people are using condoms correctly
secondar: timely diagnosis and treatment, if patient does contract something then it should be treated ASAP |
|
|
what is the most common bacterial STI in the US?
|
chlamydia
|
|
|
chlamydia patient population
|
highest among patients younger than 25 with a high rate of new partner turn over
|
|
|
chlamydia discharge
|
mucopurulent discharge- thick, yellow
postcoital bleeding- bleeding after sex dysuria pain with urination, many times asymptomatic |
|
|
T/F chlamydia can be transferred via oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse
|
true
|
|
|
first line treatment for chlamydia
|
azithromycin
|
|
|
gonorrhea discharge
|
purulent discharge (like pus)
drainage can turn from yellow to green |
|
|
gonorrhea treatment
|
ceftriaxone injection
|
|
|
what is the CDC recommendation for chlamydia and gonorrhea?
|
the CDC recommends you treat for chlamydia and gonorrhea and vise versa
make sure to treat BOTH partners. they are not to have sex unless they're both cleared to avoid reinfection |
|
|
bartholin's abcess
|
infection with gonorrhea (and chlamydia)?
|
|
|
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
|
complication with untreated gonorrhea, chlamydia or other
|
|
|
symptoms for PID
|
-lower abdominal pain
-bilateral adnexal tenderness -cervical motion tenderness (CMT) chandelier's sign- cervix motion tenderness |
|
|
risk factors for PID
|
-young age, multiple partners
- history of STIs -IUD use (bc then they may not be using a condom) |
|
|
syphilis
|
bacterial, can be on lips, mouth, anus, and genitals
|
|
|
syphilis: primary
|
10-90 days after infection
chancre and inguinal lymphadenopathy (painless) |
|
|
syphilis: secondary
|
- after primary signs and symptoms
- palmar and plantar rash - condyloma lata (wart like lesion) - general malaise, fever, headache |
|
|
syphilis: latent
|
if untreated, progression can go to the secondary stage or can go latent
|
|
|
syphilis: tertiary
|
- neurologic
- cardiovascular - musculoskeletal - multiorgan system complications + failure |
|
|
syphilis: screening and diagnosis
|
- nontreatponemal antibody tests
- VDRL and RPR (SCREENING not diagnostic) - treponemal tests FTA- ABS (DIAGNOSTIC) |
|
|
treatment for syphilis
|
penicillin G - thick like a milkshake and it burns
- after 7 days the patient should be negative |
|
|
what's the most common viral STI in the US?
|
HPV, virus that causes genital warts (flesh colored and painless)
|
|
|
what cancers can HPV cause?
|
cervical, throat, rectal
|
|
|
two vaccines for HPV
|
gardasil, celebrex
|
|
|
is there a cure for HPV?
|
no
|
|
|
HPV management
|
episodic therapy by topical podofilox
comfort measures: oatmeal bath, cotton underwear, loose fitting clothing |
|
|
herpes simplex virus (HSV)
|
painful recurrent ulcers
|
|
|
herpes simplex virus: initial episode
|
- painful lesion and painful ulcer
- sometimes multiple ulcers, chills, and malaise - recurrent episode can occur during stress |
|
|
describe HSV oral lesions
|
tiny bumps clustered together
expose them to air to dry and heal |
|
|
treatment of HSV that has flared up
|
acyclovir, famcyclovir, valcyclovir
comfort measures - keep lesions dry - cotton underwear - loose fitting clothing - oatmeal baths |
|
|
HIV is transmitted by three primary routes. list them
|
- sexual
- parenteral (blood-borne) - perinatal (in pregnancy) |
|
|
why is prompt diagnosis of HIV essential?
|
- treatments are now available to slow decline of the immune system
-use of these therapies associated with substantial declines in HIV-related morbidity and mortality -greater ability to counsel women and obtain support services - greater ability to prevent HIV transmission to others |
|
|
what ages does the CDC recommend should be tested for HIV?
|
13-64 (sexually active years)
|
|
|
what are the positive screening for HIV antibody?
|
EIA (enzyme immunoassay) or rapid test must be confirmed by western blot (WB) or immunoflourescence assay (IFA)
|
|
|
when should pregnant women be tested for HIV infection during pregnancy?
|
as early as possible
should be part of routine AP blood work unless the patient opts out |
|
|
when a woman has anti-retroviral regimens how does it impact her transmission rate?
how long does the baby take the anti-retroviral? how do they test the baby's blood immediately? |
decreases to a 2% transmission rate (mom to baby)
baby should take the anti-retroviral for 6 weeks cord blood testing |
|
|
trichomoniasis (trich) discharge & symptoms
|
yellow-green, frothy, malodorous discharge
inflammation of vulva and vagina dysuria (painful urination) and dyspareunia (painful sex) strawberry cervix: bright cervix, may be identified on a pap smear but not diagnostic |
|
|
what is a strawberry cervix a symptom of?
|
trichomoniasis
|
|
|
trichomoniasis treatment
|
systemic metronidazole (no drinking for 7 days!)
|
|
|
cause of bacterial vaginosis
|
- change in pH due to douching
vagina is a self cleaning oven the vagina is an acidic environment (bacteria hates acid!) |
|
|
bacterial vaginosis treatment
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
bacterial vaginosis discharge
|
fishy odor, white > gray, milky
|
|
|
how to test for bacterial vaginosis
|
spread the milky white discharge and add KOH > smell like fish? it's positive
BC cells lump together on a wet mount test |
|
|
candidiasis (yeast infection) treatment
|
topical antifungal
oral diflucan probiotics live culture plain yogurt on vagina |
|
|
candidiasis (yeast infection) discharge
|
itching, cottage cheese like adherent discharge
|
|
|
candidiasis (yeast infection) signs and symptoms
|
vulva is swollen and red, like a moist attic
|
