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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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A Clade is? |
A group of a common ancestor and all of it descendants, i.e. a monophyletic group |
a grouping |
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A Paraphyletic Group |
A group of a common ancestor and only some of its descendants |
consider descendants |
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A Phylogeny |
A hypothesised scheme of evolutionary relationships between biological entities. Can take time and amount of change (genetic/morphological) into account. |
relationships between |
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A Phylogenetic Tree |
A diagram used to represent Phylogenies taking the form of a branching tree. |
NOT a Cladogram |
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A Cladogram |
A diagram showing only the topology of evolutionary relationships. Does not include time, common ancestors or degrees of change. |
NOT a phylogenetic tree |
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Topology (diagrams) |
Properties of a diagram that are preserved in the face of transformations such as stretching, twisting and deformations. |
preserved in the face of... |
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An Apomorphy |
Any derived trait novel to a taxa and its' descendants. |
a type of trait |
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A Polyphyletic group |
A group which is not mono/para-phyletic, i.e a group not including the common ancestor of all constituent entities. |
Multiple ancestral sources |
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Synapomorphy |
A shared derived trait between two or more taxa that can be used to define a clade. |
shared |
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(sym)Plesiomorphy |
The ancestral or pre-existing trait or character state, in reference to the development of a novel trait. |
ancestral |
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Homoplasy |
a trait similar in form/function due to convergent evolution as opposed to shared ancestry. V misleading in morphologica analysis |
misleading |
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Homology |
Shared form or function due to common ancestry. A homologous feature can be considered a synapomorphy of a clade. |
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Analogy |
The same as homoplasy/convergent evolution. |
characters |
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Deep Homology |
The similarity due to shared ancestry of developmental, growth and differentiation processes in an organism |
plans |
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Autapomorphy |
A derived trait that is unique to a given taxon. Generally unhelpful during phylogenetic analysis. |
unique to... |
