Ob Chapter 4

Front 1

Alleles

Back 1

One of a pair of genes that appear at a particular location on a particular chromosome.

Front 2

Primary amenorrhea

Back 2

If a girl's period has not begun within a. 2 years after the onset of breast development, b. age 16, c. 1 year after her mother or sisters began their periods

Front 3

Climacteric

Back 3

The transitional period, which starts as female fertility declines and extends through menopause and post-menopause.

Front 4

Gamete

Back 4

Reproductive cells...ovum in female and sperm in male.

Front 5

Gonad

Back 5

The reproductive sex glands

Front 6

Secondary sex characteristics

Back 6

Changes in other systems that differentiate females and males but do not directly relate to reproduction.

Front 7

Spermatogenesis

Back 7

Formation of male gametes, or sperm.

Front 8

Secondary amenorrhea

Back 8

The absence of menstruation for at least 3 cycles after regular cycles have been established for 6 months.

Front 9

Follicular phase

Back 9

The period where the ovum matures. It begins on day one of menstruation and ends about 14 days later.

Front 10

Ovulatory phase

Back 10

Near the middle of a 28 day reproductive cycle and about 2 days before ovulation. LH, FSH, and progesterone rise...which stimulates the final maturation of a single follicle and release of its ovum.

Front 11

Luteal phase

Back 11

After ovulation, the cells from the old follicle persist about 12 days as a corpus luteum. It secretes large amts of estrogen and progesterone to prepare the endometrium for a fertilized ovum. If the ovum is fertilized, hCG is released so the corpus luteum can maintain the pregnancy. If the ovum isn't fertilized, FSH and LH levels drop and the corpus luteum regresses.

Front 12

Proliferative phase

Back 12

As the ovum matures, the basal cells of the endometrium remain and multiply.

Front 13

Secretory phase

Back 13

The uterus prepares to receive the fertilized ovum. The endometrium continues to thicken under estrogen and progesterone.

Front 14

Menstrual phase

Back 14

If no fertilization, the corpus luteum regresses, decreased estrogen and progesterone, vasospasm of the endometrial blood vessels, endometrium becomes ischemic and necrotic = menstrual flow.