Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Fibroadenomas description, how affected by menstrual cycle, and how tested for…
|
Benign smooth mscle tumor of breast in young women that is firm, nontender, rubbery and does not change w/ menstrual cycle (as opposed to fibrocystic change). Test with one of 3 methods: FNA, core needle or excisional biopsy
|
|
|
Fibrocystic changes description… presentation…
|
Most common benign breast mass, multiple, irregular lumpiness of breast. Common in premenopausal women. Presentation: cyclic, painful, engorged breasts more pronounced before menstruation and possible green breast discharge
|
|
|
Tx of fibrocystic changes…
|
Decr caffeine, NSAIDs, tight bra, OCPs, progestin, danazol or mastectomy in more sever cases
|
|
|
Fibroadenoma description… response to ovarian hormones… test…
|
Most common dominant breast mass in adolescent years or 20s. firm, rubbery, mobile, solid. Do not respond to ovarian hormones and do not vary w/ menstrual cycle. Test is a biopsy unless woman is <35yrs then FNA or core needle. US used as imaging
|
|
|
Most common cause of bloody nipple discharge and description of condition…
|
Intraductal papilloma. Small and benign w/ highest incidence in 35-55yrs. RFs are unknown. Must do ductal exploration to rule out cancer
|
|
|
Maneuvers that accentuate skin changes of breast cancer…
|
Hands over head or hands on hips
|
|
|
5 factors to test for infertility…
|
Ovulatory, uterine, tubal, male factor, peritoneal factor (endometriosis)
|
|
|
3 D’s of endometriosis…
|
Dysmenorrheal, dyspareunia, dyschezia
|
|
|
What percentage of couples should conceive after one month…
|
90%
|
|
|
Tests to determine ovulation ability… Tx of ovulation causes of infertility…
|
Recording menses, BBT (AM before eating or drinking, caused by progesterone release), midluteal serum progesterone, urine LH (ovulation occurs 36 hours after surge), endometrial biopsy, US looking for decr in follicular size and fluid in cul-de-sac. Tx includes clomiphene citrate
|
|
|
Test for uterine causes of fertility and when should they be performed in cycle… tx for uterine causes of infertility…
|
HSG between days 6-10 of cycle. HSG procedure as well can treat
|
|
|
Gold standard for diagnosing tubal and peritoneal disease…
|
Laparoscopy. HSG is good too but not as good
|
|
|
Common causes of ovarian factor for infertility…
|
PCOS, hypothalamic(hypothyroid or hyperprolactin) , Premature ovarian failure (see elevated FSH)
|
|
|
Apendicitis time during pregnancy, location, assoc symptoms, and tx…
|
Any tri, RLQ pain but often more superficial and lateral (can mimic pyelonephritis) w/ N/V, anorexia, leucocytosis, fever. Tx surgically
|
|
|
Cholecystitis time during prego, location, assoc symptoms, and tx…
|
After first tri, RUQ, N/V, leukocytosis, fever, tx surgically if there is cholecystitis, biliary obstrxn (jaundice), pancreatitis. If none of those then low fat diet
|
|
|
Ovarian torsion time during prgo, location, assoc symptoms, tx…
|
Commonly at 14 weeks (uterus above pelvic brim) or after delivery, unilateral abd or pelvic pain w/ N/V, surgical tx (laparotomy0
|
|
|
Placental abruption time during prego, location, assoc symptoms, tx…
|
2nd-3rd tris, midline persistent uterine pain, vaginal bleeding w/ midline mas and abnorm FHR, tx is delivery
|
|
|
Ectopic prego time during prego, location, assoc symptoms, tx…
|
1st tri, pelvic or abd pain that is unilateral, N/V/syncope/spotting. Tx is surgical or medical
|
|
|
Symptoms and Tx of degenerating fibroids..
|
Symptoms include intense localized lower abdominal pain. Tx Expectantly and with PG synthase inhibs
|
|
|
most common reason for mortality in first 20 weeks of pregnancy…
|
Ecoptic pregnancy
|
|
|
RFs for ectopic pregnancy…
|
Salpingitis, tubal adhesive disease, infertility, IUD (progesterone), tubal surgery, prior ectopic prego, ovulation induction, congenital abnorms of tube
|
|
|
Which form of sonography is more sensitive for pregnancy, transvagnial or transabdominal…
|
Transvaginal (picks it up as early as 5.5 weeks)
|
|
|
Tx options for ectopic prego and when to use them…
|
Salpingectomy (removal of tube) when gestation too large for medical therapy, rupture has occurred, or for those who do not want fertility. For those who do want fertility then salpingostomy is doen
|
|
|
What percentage of women treated with medical therapy require surgical intervention…
|
10%
|
|
|
How does pregnancy incr iron def anemia …
|
Incr demands for iron for blood expansion and baby
|
|
|
Treatment for beta thal minor in pregnancy…
|
Folic acid
|
|
|
How does pregnancy affect sickle cell anemia…
|
More intense anemia, more frequent bouts of sickle cell crisis, more frequent infxns and pulm complications. Also, increased fetal growth retardation and perinatal morbidity (get serial US)
|
|
|
Hemoglobin levels suggestive of beta thal… alpha thal…
|
Beta thal has elevated A2 while alpha thal has alevated F
|
