Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
preparation for breastfeeding
|
|
|
|
T/F. Breastfeeding intentions are higher than initiation rates.
|
True
|
|
|
detrimental experiences that influence breastfeeding
|
• late initiation after birth
• extended separation from infant • supplementation w/ formula • limited help w/ breastfeeding problems • gift packages w/ formula |
|
|
T/F. There is no correlation b/w the use of anesthesia/analgesic and disturbances in infant neurobehavioral functioning/sucking.
|
False; anesthesia makes infants less responsive
|
|
|
T/F. It is current protocol to recommend exclusive bottle feeding for all HIV+ patient.
|
True; HIV virus exists in breast milk
This is not true for all countries--depends on risk assessment |
|
|
benefits of breast milk
|
**optimal for all new borns, recommended exclusively for first 6 mos, continuing in conjunction w/ other food until 1st birthday
• benefits a/w how long an infant receives it and whether breast milk is given exclusively or supplemented • strong immune system • stimulate growth of positive flora in digestive tract • reduces stomach upset, diarrhea, & colic (v. bottle feeding which includes air) • passive immunity- lymphocytes & neutrophils in colostrum • promotes optimal bonding • reduces constipation due to laxative properties • promotes greater developmental gains in preterm infants--mom knows to make preterm milk w/ more calories • provides easily tolerated & digestible formula that is sterile, @ proper temperature, is readily available • no coloring, flavoring, or preservatives • less likely to overfeed • better tooth and jaw development |
|
|
maternal advantages
|
• facilitates weight loss--breast milk production uses 500 cc/day
• stimulates uterine contraction • oxytocin release >> uterine involution • lower risks of breast cancer, osteoporosis, DMI, and heart disease • some contraceptive protection • economical • bonding |
|
|
contraindicated drugs/substances in breastfeeding
|
• large amounts of alcohol
• amphetamines • cocaine • cyclosprine (immunosuppressant) • heroin • lithium • methadone • antihistamines- drying side effects reduces breast milk production |
|
|
breasts development
|
• mammary glands begin in 5th week of embryonic life from milk lines
• the only organ not fully developed in fetal life |
|
|
breast tissue
|
1/ parenchyma- treelike lactiferous ducts that open onto surface of nipple & lobular-alveolar structure
2/ stroma- includes connective tissue, fat, blood vessels, & lymphatics |
|
|
What is the functional unit of milk making?
|
Alveolar cell produces milk and excretes it into lumen of alveolar sack >> ductules and ducts carry milk from alveolus to the nipple pore. Nipple end has 15-25 small openings that are endings of the ducts that connect bak to the lobular-alveoli system.
|
|
|
What does the skin of breast include?
|
nipple--
• located slightly below midpoint of the breast • elastic nipple contains smooth muscle fibers • enervated w/ both sensory & autonomic nerve endings areola-- • surrounds the nipple • enlarges & darkens during pregnancy & lactation • has montgomery's tubercles (small pimples) which secrete a substance that lubricates and provides antimicrobial protection |
|
|
breast growth during pregnancy
|
first trimester--
• hormones >> rapid ductular-lobular-alveolar growth third month-- • prolactin >>secretory material & colostrum by week 16-- • breast fully prepared for lactation • physiologic completion of reproductive cycle last trimester-- • alveoli filled w/ colostrum |
|
|
prolactin inhibiting factor
|
• negatively controls prolactin
• produced when there is no sucking/stimulus |
|
|
T/F. Without nipple stimulation, prolactin levels drop to those of non pregnant, non lactating women within 2 weeks.
|
True
|
|
|
What is the role of oxytocin in breast feeding?
|
• during sucking, oxytocin is released >> myoepithelium to contract, ejecting milk from the alveoli and lobules
|
|
|
lactogenesis
|
lactogenesis I--
• initial synthesis of milk components (colostrum) lactogenesis II-- • begins s/p placental delivery w/ rapid fall in levels of progesterone • copious secretion of milk 2-3 days PP lactogenesis III-- • aka galactopoiesis • ongoing production of mature milk • day 10 |
|
|
breast involution
|
**weaning
1/ secretory cells undergo apoptosis 2/ mammary gland's basement B membrane undergoes proteolytic degradation w/ reabsorption of mammary epithelium |
|
|
positioning & latch
|
• nipple & breast soreness is usually result of incorrect positioning and attachment at breast
• promote wide-open latch; nipple should be on top of tongue |
|
|
optimal feeding management
|
**8-12 feeds daily
• encourage mother to feed in response to infant cues • initiate w/ second breast on next feed; start w/ whatever breast you last used; alternate • 3-4 bowel movements per day • 6 wet diapers daily • gain 15-30 g/day • be at or above birthweight by day 10; definitely by day 14 |
|
|
How do you treat nipple discomfort?
|
**most common reason for early weaning
• usually caused by poor positioning • treat nipple fissures w/ air & breast milk; lanolin can be used as substitute • evaluate for candidiasis >> topical nystatin; if treating mother, should also treat infant |
|
|
engorgement
|
**excessive fullness in early PP
• treat w/ unlimited access to feeding • warm shower, massage, cabbage leaves |
|
|
RN role
|
• supportive
• educational • provide comfort • problem interventions • establish environment to promote mother-infant bonding |
