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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an ORGANIZATION
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A social intervention for accomplishing common goals through group effort
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What is the goal of OB
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Predicting
Predicting when employees will make ethical decision Explaining Why people make those decision Managing The art of getting things accomplished in an organization |
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What is OB
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IS the attitudes and behavioues of individuals and groups in an organization
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What is task performance
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Proficiency with how employees perform activities that are formally recognized as part of their jobs
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What are OCB
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Organizational Citizenship Behaviours
Tasks that are not part of formal job description Alturism Courtesy Diligence Sportsmanship ... |
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What are CWB
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Counterproductive Work Behaviours
1. Activities that are harmful or are against the organization. 2. Activities against other employees, actions which are harmful to other employees |
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OCB
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Organizational Citizenship Behaviours
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CWB
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Counterproductive Work Behaviours
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Classical view of management
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Advocates a high degree of employee specialization and a high degree of co-ordination of labour from the top management
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Contemporary Contingency approach
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Suggest that the most effective management style and organization designs are dependent on the demand of the situation
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What is personality
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Is a relatively stable set of psychological characteristics that influences the way individuals interact wt their environment
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What is the Dispositional Approach to OB
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Stable individuals characteristics influence people's attitudes and behaviours
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What is the Situational Approach to OB
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Argues that the characteristics in the work environment influence people's attitudes and behaviours
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What is the Interactionist Approach to OB
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Posits that organizational behaviours is a function of both dispositions and situations
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What are the Big 5
CANOE |
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness Neurotism Open to Experience Extraversion |
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What is Conscientiousness
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The degree to which a person is responsible and achievement orientated
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What is Agreeableness
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THe extent to which a person is FRIENDLY and APPROACHABLE
Considerate Organized Helpful |
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What is Neurotism
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The degree to which a person has appropriate emotional control
Emotional Stable 1. High stability = Low neurotism = self confident = self esteem 2. Low Stability = High neurotism = anxious = insecure |
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What is Open to Experience
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The degree to which an idividual thinks flexibility and receptive to new ideas
Active imagination seek new experience |
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What is Extraversion
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The extent to which a person is out going vs shy
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Where is the Big 5 important in a organization
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TASK PERFORMANCE
OCB CWB TRAINING |
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Which is the most important characteristic of personality and describe it
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Conscientiousness
The degree to which a person is responsible and achievement orientated |
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Was is locus of Control and what are the 2 extremes
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Belief about wether one's behaviours is controlled internally or externally
High external - Behaviours are determined by fate, luck and/or powerful people High internal control - Behaviours determined by self-initive, personal actions and/or free will |
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What is Self-Monotoring
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The extent to which individuals observe how they appear and behave in public situation
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What is self-esteem
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Degree to which people have a positive self-evaluation
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What is Positive Affectivity
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The propensity to view the world, including oneself in a positive light
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What is Negative Affectivity
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Propensity to view the world and oneself in a negative light
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What is General Self-Efficacy (GSE)
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Is a general trait that refers to an individual belief in his or her ability to perform successfully in a variety of challenging situations
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What is learning
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A relatively permanent change in behaviour potential that occurs due to practice or experience
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What is the Operant Learning Theory
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Behaviours lead to consequences
- Ised to increase the probability of desired behaviours or eliminate undesired behaviours |
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How to increase the probability of a desired behaviours
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Reinforcement is a process where stimuli strengthen the behaviour
-Positive or Negative |
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What is Positive Reinforcement
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The addition of a stimuli that will increase the probability of a favourable behaviour
-> Learn: Action is good |
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What is Negative Reinforcement
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The removal of a negative stimuli that in turn increases the probability of a desired behaviour
- The stimuli MUST be unpleasant |
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What is Extinction and how does it decrease the probability
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This can be done by
1. Extinction - The gradual dissipation of behaviours following the termination of a stimuli - Behaviour is followed by no observable consequence |
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What is Punishment and how does it decrease the probability
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The application of a aversive stimuli following some behaviour designed to decrease the probability of reoccurrence
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What is Organizational behaviours modification
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The systematic use of learning principles to influence organizational behaviours
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What is Perception
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Is the process of interpreting the message of our sense to provide order and meaning to environment
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What are the components
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Perceiver; The person trying to make sense of the situation
Situation; The context of what os going around you Target: Anything a perceiver is concentrating on and trying to analyses and make sense of |
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What are the perceives factors
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Experiences - develope expectations
Motivations - you have to WANT to look at something Emotional State - Emotions influence our perception |
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What is Perceptual Defence
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The tendency for the perceptual system to defend the perceiver against unpleasant emotions
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What is Primacy
Biases in Personal Perception |
The tendency of a perceiver to rely on early cues or first impressions
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What is Recency
Biases in Personal Perception |
The tendency of a perceiver to rely on recent cues or last impressions
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What is Reliant on Central traits
Biases in Personal Perception |
It si the tendency to focus on targets central traits
-> the characteristics of target that are interested by perceiver ex: Thinking that an attractive person will be good |
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Implicit Personal Theory
Biases in Personal Perception |
Personal theories that people have about which personality characteristics go together
Ex: perceive a hard worker as also being honest |
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What is Projection
Biases in Personal Perception |
The tendency of perceiver to attribute their own thought into others
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What is Stereotyping
Biases in Personal Perception |
Tendency to generalize about people in certain categories
Stereotyping about age, gender, race, and ethnicity is very problematic |
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Performance Appraisal and perception
What Are Rate Errors 1. Leniency 2. Harshness 3. Central Tendency What are One-To-One errors 1. Similare-to-Me 2. Halo/Horns erros |
The biases associated with performance appraisals are
- Primacy - Recency - Stereotype Rate Erros 1. Leniency: Group looked at as a whole, No distribution, every one is nice and good 2. Harshness: Rate all employees as BAD sometimes used to make a strong impression 3. Central Tendency Rate all employees as average One-To-One Errors 1. Similare to me The tendency to think that an employee is like me lead to a higher rating 2. Halo/Horns Think that a person is either good or bad in unknown areas based on how they are in other aspects |
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What is Attribution
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Is the process of assigning causes or motivation to people's behaviours
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What is Dispositional and Situational Attribution
(2 classes of attribution) |
Dispositional Attribution explains for behaviours basd on an actor's personality (blame the person)
Situational Attributions explanations are based on actor's external environment |
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What are the 3 cues for attribution
1. Consistency 2. Consensus 3. Distinctiveness |
1. Consistency
Reflects how consistently a person engages in a behaviour over time Q: does this person often engage in this activity 2. Consensus Reflects how a person's behaviours compare with that of others Q: Do most people engage in this activity 3. Distinctiveness Reflects the extent to which a person engages in some behaviours across variety of situation Q: Does the person do this always or just in this situation |
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What is the Fundamental Attribution Error in biases of attribution
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Tendency to favour dispositional attribution to explain behaviours
Blame people to much and not the situation |
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What is Actor-Observer affect in biases of attribution
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The propency of actors and observer to view the cause of the action differently
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What is self-serving biases of attribution
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The tendency to take credit for success and deny responsibility for failures
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What are values
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Are a broad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others
What matters most to you |
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What are the 5 basic values according to HOFSTEDE's study which deal with values across culture
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Power Distance
Masculinity / Femininity Uncertainty Avoidance Individualism / Collectivism Long-Term / Short-Term orientation |
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What is Work Centrality
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THe extent to which work is an individual central life interest
Q: Live to Work or Work to Live High = Live, Breath, Eat work |
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Hofstede's Study: Power Distance
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THe extent to which an unequal distribution of power is accepted by society members
- Small: Inequality minimized - High: Inequality is high |
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Hofstede's Study: Masculinity / Feminism
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Masculine : Clearly define gender roles, suport male dominance, stress economic performance
Femininity: Accept fluid gender roles, stress sexual equality, and stress quality of life |
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Hofstede's Study: Uncertainty Avoidance
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The extent to which people are uncomfortable wt uncertain and ambiguous situations
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Hofstede's Study: Individualism / Collectivism
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I: Stress independence, individual initiative and privacy
C: Favour interpendente and loyalty to family |
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Hofstede's Study: Long-Term / Short-Term Orientation
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LONG-TERM
Stress persistance, perseverance, thrift and close attention to status differences Short-Term Personal steadiness and stability, face-saving and social niceties |
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What are Attitudes
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A fairly stable evaluative tendency to respond consistently to some specific object, situation, person, or category of people
Tendency on how we will react to objects or situation Attitudes --> Behaviours |
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What are the 3 components of Attitude
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Affective: How we "feel"
Cognitive: What we think Behaviour: How we react |
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What is Job Satisfaction
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A collection of attitudes that workers have towards their jobs
They are usually directed towards facets (pay, work terms....) |
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What are the 3 determinants of Job satisfaction
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Disposition
Discrepancy Fairness |
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Job Satisfaction: Disposition
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SOme people are predisposed to be more satisfied with work than others
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Job Satisfaction: Discrepancy
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When job outcomes match your job expectancies
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Job Satisfaction: Fairness - What are the 3 types
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Perception of fairness in the workplace: Organization justice
1. Distributive How fair are the outcomes of decisions 2. Procedural How fair are the process that were used to make decisions (consistent outcomes, accurate information) 3. Interactional Perception of the fairness of interpersonal treatment |
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What is Organization Commitment
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Attitudes which reflects the strength of the attachment that an employee feels towards the organization
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Organization Commitment: Affective
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Employees identification with an organization
Stay because you WANT to |
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Organization Commitment: Normative
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Feeling obligated to stay with loyal to organization
Stay because you OUGHT to |
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Organization Commitment: Continuance
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Perceived cost associated with staying versus leaving the organization
Stay because you NEED to |
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What are the consequence of Job Satisfaction
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Absence from work
Turnover Performance OCB Consumer Satisfaction |
