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69 Cards in this Set
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What is an ectopic pregnancy? |
Where the fetus implants in a location that is not normal Often a tubule pregnancy Often presents with vaginal bleeding |
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What is crowning? |
The phase in labor just before delivery where the infants head can be observed at the bulging vaginal opening. |
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What is meconium? |
The greenish staining of an infant, actual fecal matter. |
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What is the fundus? |
The upper part of the uterus |
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What is the vertex? |
The point or tip of the infants head? |
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How long is a baby considered a neonate? |
Up to one month old |
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How long is a baby considered an infant? |
From 1 month old to 1 year old |
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What is a trimester? |
The splitting into 3 parts |
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When is the 1st trimester? |
1-3 months |
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When is the 2nd trimester? |
4-6 |
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When is the 3rd trimester? |
7-9 |
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What is considered a full term pregnancy? |
9 calendar months 10 lunar months 40 weeks |
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What is gestation? |
The length of fetal development. |
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What is an advanced pregnancy? |
One that is in the third trimester. |
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What characterizes pregnancy induced hypertension? |
Sudden weight gain Limb edema Hypertension Severe headaches Visual disturbances Possible seizures |
Used to be called eclampsia or pre-eclampsia |
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How would you position someone is suffering from pregnancy induced hypertension? |
Left lateral and consider LT lateral trendelenburg |
Especially in large fetus or late in pregnancy |
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What is supine hypotensive syndrome? |
When the fetus occludes venous return from the inferior vena cava when the mother lies supine. |
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What is plcenta abruptio? |
> 20 weeks gestation Sudden, 3rd trimester, dark vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, and abdominal pain BETWEEN CONTRACTIONS Symptoms of shock greater than blood loss |
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What is placenta previa? |
Abnormally implanted and is partially or completely covering the cervical opening Sudden, 3rd trimester, bright red vaginal bleeding Painless Usually no contractions |
Bleeding often occurs in episodes over days or weeks |
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What are some predisposing factors of an ectopic pregnancy? |
PID Occlusion from pelvic surgery Previous ectopics IUCD use Tube ligations |
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How much blood does it take to cause abdominal distention? |
1 ½ L of blood |
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What are signs of possible pregnancy? |
Missed/late pregnancy Breast tenderness Urinary frequency Morning sickness Unprotected sex |
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How much fluid does a fully saturated tampon hold? |
50ml |
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How many arteries are in the umbilical cord? |
2 |
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How many veins in the umbilical cord? |
1 |
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Who's blood is in the umbilical cord? |
Babys |
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Who's blood is in placenta? |
Both mothers and baby's but they are separate? |
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What is the developing ovom called within the first 8 weeks? |
Embryo |
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What is the developing ovom called after 8 weeks and until birth? |
Fetus |
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What maternal changes happen with a women's body? |
Cardiac output increases 30% Heart rises 10-15 bpm above baseline Total blood volume increased 45-50% and 50% of that is plasma =anemia BP drops 10-15 mmHg under baseline during 2nd trimester |
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How far along does the fetus have to be until you can auscultate fetal heart tones? |
16 weeks |
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What should the fetal heart tone rate be at? |
120-160 |
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What is the classic triad for pregnancy induced hypertension? |
> 140/90 Systolic > 30 above baseline Diastolic > 15 above baseline |
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What is an abortion (timewise)? |
Termination before 20 weeks |
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What is preterm birth (timewise)? |
Loss of fetus after 20 weeks |
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What is the most frequent cause of vaginal bleeding in the first trimester? |
Spontaneous abortion/ miscarriage |
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What is the significance of blood-tinged mucus or clear fluid discharge during labor? |
Indicates dilation of the cervix or rupture of the amniotic sac |
Sometimes called bloody show |
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What is the first stage of labor? |
From the onset of regular uterine contractions through full dilation of the cervix |
Maybe greater than 12 hours if this is her first labor |
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What is the second stage of labor? |
From full dilation of the cervix through delivery of the infant |
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What is the the third stage of labor? |
From delivery of the infant through delivery of the placenta |
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What are the signs of imminent delivery? |
Contractions between 1-2 minutes apart Duration of 45-60 seconds Urge to push or bear down Large amount of bloody show Crowning |
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If contractions are 4-5 minutes apart do you transport or deliver on scene? |
Transport |
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What does APGAR stand for? |
Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respirations |
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What are the appearance scores? |
2 - completely pink 1 - limbs blue 0 - body blue / pale |
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What are the pulse scores? |
2 - > 100 1 - < 100 0 - absent |
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What are the grimace scores? |
2 - crying strongly 1 - grimace 0 - limp-no response |
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What is the activity score? |
2 - actively moving limbs 1 - some flexion 0 - limp-no response |
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What are the respiration scores? |
2 - crying strongly 1 - slow or irregular (weak cry) 0 - absent |
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What do you do if you see cyanosis in extremities? |
Nothing, it is normal just monitor and transport |
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What APGAR score requires resuscitation? |
A score below 6. |
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What does AHA say normal respirations for newborns are? |
30-60 |
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What is considered delayed delivery? |
When signs of imminent delivery continue for 20 minutes with no progress |
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What is a common cause of delayed delivery? |
Cephalopelvic disproportion- the kids head is too big for the pelvic opening. |
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What is a prolapsed cord? |
When your looking for crowning and the cord is visible , BEFORE the baby is born |
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What do you do for a prolapsed cords? |
LT lateral trendelenburg to shift the fetus away from the cervix and off the vena cava Feel for pulse in cord Manually displace presenting part - to shift the fetus away from the cervix to re-establish cord flow |
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What do you do for a limb presentation? |
Just position LT lateral trendelenburg to shift baby away from cervix and vena cava. |
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What is breech presentation? |
When the buttocks or legs are the presenting part during labor |
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What are you to do in the situation of a breech presentation? |
If the baby is not delivered within 3 minutes or after the next couple contractions insert a sterile gloves hand into the vagina and create an airway for the infant, pushing back on the vaginal wall. If the head is not delivered in 3 more minutes then transport will maintain the baby's airway |
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How much blood loss is considered a postpartum hemorrhage? |
An excess of 500ml of blood |
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When can a fundal massage be done? |
During the 3rd stage of labor |
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What is premature labor or delivery? |
Onset of labor prior to the due date Results in delivery of a very small infant |
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At what infant pulse rate do you initiate cpr? |
Less than 60 with signs of poor perfusion (LAco EMS base hospital treatment guidelines say less than 80) |
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What do you do for an infant with a pulse rate less than 100? |
Suction and assist with ventilations |
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What percent of newborns require resuscitative efforts? |
5-10% |
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What do you do for a nuchal chord? |
Try to pull cord over infants head and if unable, clamp in two places and cut. |
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How long do menstrual cycles usually last? |
21-32 days |
28 days is our usual "go to". |
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What is the average blood loss within the 4-6 day period of a women's menstrual cycle. |
50ml |
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What is menopause and what is the age range in which it begins? |
The cessation of periods 45-60 years |
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What are some S/S of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? |
Ascending infection Diffuse lower abdominal pain Low grade fever or chills Vaginal discharge (yellow w/odor) Dyspareunia Pain on ambulance (shuffle) N/V |
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