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14 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Infertility is the inability to conceive after at least _____ month(s)/year(s) of regular unprotected intercourse.
one year
Factors that contribute to female infertility
problems with ovulation (anovulation or inadequate corpus luteum)
tubal obstruction or dysfunction (endometriosis or damage from pelvic infection)
uterine or cervical factors (fibroid tumors or structural anomalies)
What are some risk factors for infertility?
tobacco use
illicit drug use
obesity
low body weight
A woman's risk for infertility increases with age. When does the woman's probability of becoming pregnant begin decreasing?
Age 35
further decreases after age 40
In determining fertility, a woman's ____ body temperature record is kept to determine whether there is regular ____. When is this temperature taken?
basal
ovulation

The woman is instructed to take her temperature upon awakening before any activity and taken in the same method each time (oral, rectal, etc.)
As ovulation approaches, the production of estrogen increases/decreases causing a rise/drop in temperature.
increases
drop
When ovulation occurs, _____ is produced, causing a ____ in temperature.
progesterone
rise
The temperature graph (a record of basal temperatures taken over several weeks) helps detect ovulation and suggests the timing of intercourse if pregnancy is desired. Ovulation kits are also available. These kits measure the amount of what hormone? Ovulation occurs about ___ to ____ hours after the first rise in this hormone, so intercourse can be timed accordingly.
LH
28 to 36
How are tubal factors such as occlusion or deformity most commonly assessed?
hysterosalpingogram
Describe a hysterosalpingogram.
It consists of radiographic visulization of the uterus and tubes by injecting a radiopaque dye through the cervix. Tubal patency, shape, position, and distortions of the endometrial cavity can be determined.
If a hysterosalpingogram is contraindicated or if other pelvic pathology appears likely, a ____ may be used.
laparoscopy
Postcoital studies determine whether the cervical environment is favorable for sperm. The couple is asked to have intercourse about the time ovulation is expected and within ___ hours before the test. The woman is instructed not to ____ or ____. The cervical an vaginal secretions are aspirated and examined for the number and motility of sperm present.
12
bathe or douche
Some other tests for ovulation include...
cervical and vaginal smears, endometrial biopsy, and plasma progesterone levels.
Other than postcoital studies, other tests for infertility include _____ analysis and _____ ultrasound.
semen analysis and pelvic ultrasound