Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the characteristics of hypertonic labor patterns?
|
Occur in the latent phase
Contractions more frequent, painful. Contractions are ineffective Prolonged latent phase. |
|
|
Definition of DYTOCIA
|
Dysfunctional uterine contractions that result in a prolongation of labor.
Highest indication for c-section in nulliparous. |
|
|
Normal contractions with normal labor can be decribed as? Frequency and amplitude
|
regular-3-5 contractions per 10 minutes.
mean amplitude of 35 mmHg progressing to contractions 4-5 in 10 minutes with amplitude of 35-40 mmHg. |
|
|
Dysfunctional uterine contractions can be decribed as?
|
irregular
low amplitude poor pattern of cervical dilation or arrested cervical dilation Can be hyper or hypo tonic |
|
|
The 5 P's of critical labor factors?
|
Passage
Passenger Powers Position Psyche |
|
|
Definition of labor?
|
a series of events where the fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetal membranes are explelled from the maternal body
|
|
|
Causes of onset of labor?
Name 8 |
oxytocin stimulation
progesterone withdrawl estrogen stimulation fetal cortisol gap junctions prostaglandins uterine distention calcium activation |
|
|
Premonitory signs of labor?
name 6 |
lightening
braxton hick become stronger bloody show= signals signs of cervical changes weight loss= due to decreased hormone production discomfort= pressure GI symptoms= nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
|
|
Signs of true labor?
|
contraction are regular
interval between contractions shortens contractions increase in duration and intensity discomfort begins in back and radiates to the abdomen intesity increases with walking cervical dilation and effacment are progressive contractions do not decrease with rest or warm bath |
|
|
Signs of false labor?
|
irregular contractions
interval between contractions does not change Intesity and duration does not change discomfort is usually begins in the abdomen walking has no effect on the contractions no change in cervical dilation or effacement rest or warm bath lessen the contractions |
|
|
When does stage 1 of labor begin and how many phases are in this stage?
|
Begins with the onset of labor and ends with complete cervical dilation.
There are 3 phases |
|
|
Describe the three phases of the first stage
|
Phase 1= early or latent stage
Phase 2= active or acceleration Phase 3= Transiton or deceleration |
|
|
What are the characteristics of phase 1?
|
Begins with onset of regular contractions.
contractions start as mild progress to moderate, lasting 20-40 seconds. Frequency every 3-30 minutes. Average amplitude of 25-50 mmHg. Excitment is high Good opportunity to teach |
|
|
What are the characteristics of phase 2?
|
Contractions are every 2-5 minutes, lasting 40-60 seconds.
moderate to stong intensity= 50-70 mmHg Dilation 4-7 cm Woman becomes fearful, anxious |
|
|
What are the characteristics of phase 3?
|
COntractions are every 1 1/2 to 2 minutes.
Duration 60-90 seconds. Strong intensity=70-90mmHg Dilation 8-10 cm *Mom will become inner directed* |
|
|
What is a Friedman Labor curve used for?
|
Represents expected labor pregress: primagravida versus multigravida.
Useful in identification of dystocia. |
|
|
What are characteristic of the second stage of labor?
|
Begins when the cervix is completely dilated.
Ends with the birth of the baby Usually last 2 hours for primagravida or 15 miutes for the multigravida Contactions are every 1 1/2 to 2 minutes, lasting 60-90 seconds. Strong intensity |
|
|
What are the positional changes of the fetus?
"Cardinal Movements" |
Descent
Flexion Internal rotation Extension Restitution External rotation Expulsion |
|
|
What are the characteristic of the third stage of labor?
|
Begins after the delivery of the infant.
Ends with the delivery of the placenta. |
|
|
What are signs of placenta seperation?
|
Can be manifested around 5 minutes after birth of infant up to 30 minutes.
Globular shaped uterus Rise of the fundus in the abdomen. Sudden gush or trickle of blood. Further protrusion of the umbilical cord out of the vagina. |
|
|
When is a placenta considered retained?
|
If more than 30 minutes have elapsed from the completion of the second stage of labor.
|
|
|
What is Dirty Duncan ?
|
Placenta separates from the outer margins inward.
It presents sideways with the maternal surface delivering first. |
|
|
What is shiny Shultz?
|
Placenta separates from the inside to the outer margin. It presents with the shiny surface.
|
|
|
What is the fourth stage of labor?
|
One to four hours after birth.
|
|
|
During the fourth stage of labor, what are normal vital signs?
|
Due to redistribution of blood the blood pressure will decrease, pulse pressure increase,with moderate tachycardia.
|
|
|
Where is the normal location of the fundus during the forth stage of labor?
|
Midline and between the umbilicus and the pubic symphysis.
|
|
|
What is the true pelvis?
|
Divided into three sections
1. the inlet 2. pelvic cavity 3. the outlet Represents the bony limits of the birth canal. Measures 5cm. at its anterior, 10cm. at the posterior wall |
|
|
What is the diagonal conjugate?
|
Extends from the subpubic angleto the middle of the sacral promontory.
Usually measures 12.5cm. Can be measured manually during pelvic exam. |
|
|
What improtance does the diagonal conjugate's measurement?
|
It is needed to estimate the obstetric conjugate.
|
|
|
What is the obstretric conjugate?
|
extends from the middle of the sacral promontory to an area about 1 cm. below the pubic crest.
Its lenght is an estimate by subtracting 1.5cm from the diagonal conjugate's measurement. This is the area the fetus must pass through in order to pass through the birth canal. |
|
|
What is the most common pelvis that allows vaginal delivery?
|
Gynecoid pelvis
|
|
|
What are two pelvis types that allow vaginal delivery?
|
Gynecoid pelvis
Anthropoid pelvis |
|
|
What type of pelvis does not allow for a vaginal delivery?
|
Platylloid pelvis
|
|
|
What are four important land marks of the fetal skull?
|
Mentum= chin
Vertex=area between the anterior and posterior fontanelles. Sinciput= anterior area, the brow Occiput=occipital bone |
|
|
How is fetal presentation determined?
|
By the fetal lie and by the body of part of the fetus that enters the pelvis= fetal presentation.
|
|
|
What is the smallest diameter of the fetal skull?
|
The suboccipitobregmatic diameter.
|
|
|
What are the four characteristics of the vertex presentation?
|
most common
fetal head is flexed onto the chest smallest diameter is the suboccipitobregmatic presents into the maternal pelvis. The occiput is the presenting part. |
|
|
What are the four types of CEPHALIC presentation?
|
Vertex
Military Brow Face |
|
|
What are the types of presentation?
|
Cephalic
Breech Shoulder |
|
|
Describe MILITARY presentation?
|
Fetal head is neither flexed or extended.
The occipitofrontal diameter presents to the maternal pelvis. Top of the head is the presenting part. |
|
|
Three characteristics of BROW presentation?
|
Fetal head is partically extended
The occipitomental is the presented in the pelvis. The siniput is the presenting part |
|
|
What is the largest diameter of the fetal head?
|
The occipitomental diameter
|
|
|
What is face presentation?
|
Head is hyperextended
Submentobregmatic diameter presents to the maternal pelvis. The face is the presenting part. |
|
|
How are breech presentations classified?
|
Classifed according to the attitude of the fetus's hips and knees.
With all types the sacrum is the landmark. |
|
|
What are the types of breech presentation?
|
Frank
Footling Complete |
|
|
What is complete breech?
|
fetal knees and hips are flexed.
Thighs are on the abdomen. Calves are on the posterior aspect of the thighs. |
|
|
What is a frank breech?
|
Fetal hips are flexed
Knees are extended Buttocks present to the maternal pelvis |
|
|
What is a footling breech?
|
Fetal hips and legs are extended.
Feet present to the maternal pelvis. Can be a single or double foot. |
|
|
What are causes for arrested descent?
|
CPD
Malpositions Bladder retention Full Bowel Tumor/Condyloma |
|
|
What are causes fetal dystocia?
|
Positon
Presentation Size- CPD Anomalies |
|
|
Labor Dystocia, Cord COmpression, Uteroplacenta insufficiency, and preexisting fetal or maternal disease can cause?
|
Fetal distress
|
|
|
What are signs and symptoms of fetal distress?
|
Fetal heart rates
Meconium Acidosis <7.20 Loss of fetal movement hypoxia-o2 sats <20-70% |
|
|
What are 4 causes of fetal cord compression?
|
Rupture of membrane
Post dates Nuchal cord Prolapsed cord |
|
|
After rupture of membrane what should the nurse assess for?
|
Prolapsed cord.
|
