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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1800s
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Most child birth took place in the home. Childbirth viewed as natural process.
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Obstetrics
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focus is on problems and difficulties of labor and pregnancy.
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early 1900s
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Only 1/2 births by midwives by turn of the century.
<15% births by midwives by 1935 |
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1915-1929
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41% increase in infant mortality by interference of obs in birth
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twilight sleep
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-came into vogue in 1914, used in 50% of births
-morphine and scopolamine |
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Joseph DeLee
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MD-1915
pathologic process that involved often much destructive pathology for mothers and babies. |
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1930
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ACOG
very powerful organization |
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Puerperal (childbed) fever
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streptococcus pyogenes
death rate d/t sepsis over 40/10,000 births, -rate of spontaneous deliveries was 4/10,000 |
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Natural Childbirth
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late 60's
to early 80's but developed in 1920 women began to want to experience L and D -ways to cope with labor and maintain memory became popular. |
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Grantly Dick-Read
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believed fear and tension were the root of labor pain.
-wrote Natural Childbirth and Childbirth without Fear father of natural childbirth movement |
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Frederick Laboyer: Gentle Birth
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-author of Birth w/o violence
in 1974 -low lights and gentle music -baby to moms abdomen -cord not cut til it stops func. -Laboyer bath -calm and gentle environment |
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Fernand Lamaze
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-France 1951
-visualization, guided imagery, breathing tech, massage and coaching by partner. -breathing and focus are used to block pain impulses. |
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Bradley Method:
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-husband coached childbirth 1965
-team work between parents -diet and ex during preg -deep abd. breathing -mom taught to conc.& work thru pain -first method to bring fathers into delivery room. |
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Ina May Gaskin
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Known as the mother of midwifery
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Marie F. Mongan
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Hypnobirthing-
-based on Dick-Read's work -women learn to relax and utilize self hypnosis -birth plans are common -neg terms are discouraged |
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freebirthing
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Unassited childbirth
-homebirths -7000 in US |
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AWHONN
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1969-Perinatal Nursing Professional Organization
-Assc for women's Health and Neonatal nursing |
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Family Centered Maternity Care
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childbirth is the experience of the family, not the caregivers.
-feather river room setup -10 basic principles of care |
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Kathleen Rice-Simpson
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alot of hospital stuff comes from her
-CNS -widely published on safety in acute care setting -textbooks on perinatal nrsg -active in AWHONN -thromboprophylaxis for C-section -pt ed to reduce elective inductions -mistaken id -leading researcher on FHR monitering, prenatal care, intrauterine resuscitation. |
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Jeanne Watson-Driscoll
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CNS
postpartum depression -videos and books on psychotherapy |
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Labor Epidural
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-1898-using cocaine
-widely used in 1970's using local anesthetics. -1975-20% women req -2010-70-90% rate in US Japan low rate PCA epis allow pts to use less meds |
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epidurals pros
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-complete pain relief
-can speed up dilation if mom was fighting UCs. -enables mom to rest -can be used if c/s is nec. |
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epidural - cons
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-can give incomplete pain relief
-mom cannot ambulate -fc neccessary -can slow down labor -can decrease ability to push effectively. |
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spinal
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-injection of local into cerebrospinal space.
-lasts 1-2 hours provides pain block similar to epidural. |
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spinal-pros
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-quick to insert
-provides nerve block -wears off quickly -best if used during pushing |
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spinal-cons
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-wears off quickly
-can result in urinary retention -decreased mobility for pushing -risk of spinal headache |
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C/S
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25% of all deliveries
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Maternal issues
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-failure to progress
-inability to tolerate pushing -cardiac problems -injury to hip or back -age -skeletal abnormalities |
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Fetal Issues
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-malpresentation
-fetal intolerance -placental insufficiency -cord placement -hypoxia form long labor -multifetal pregnancy -known birth defects inc. spinal bifida, omphalocele |
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Ovulation
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Hypothalmus produces GnRH
-to pituitary gland, to enable ovulation and releases FSH. -to ovaries..to produce a mature egg. |
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Response of ovaries
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-many follicles begin to mature
-estrogen is produced by follicle as ova mature -the ovum that is mature the quickest, signals pituitary gland that it is ready to be released. -estrogen levels are highest the day before ovulation. |
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Midcycle-
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Pituitary gland releases LH, known as LH surge.
-Ovulation occurs in 12-36 hrs. when follicle releases egg. |
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Follicular phase
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1st day of menses to LH surge
13-14 day duration. |
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Ovulatory Phase
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LH surge to release of ovum
16-32 hours |
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Luteal Phase
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Ovulation to menses unless conception occurs (14 day duration).
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Length of average cycle
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25-36 days
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