Oav Geography 9-1: The Changing Economic World

Front 1

Birth rate

Back 1

The number of births in a year per 1000 of the total population.

Front 2

Commonwealth

Back 2

The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of 53 independent and equalsovereign states, which were mostly territories of the former British Empire. It ishome to 2.2 billion citizens. Member states have no legal obligation to oneanother. Instead, they are united by language, history, culture, and their sharedvalues of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.

Front 3

Death rate

Back 3

The number of deaths in a year per 1000 of the total population.

Front 4

De-industrialisation

Back 4

The decline of a country's traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustionof raw materials, loss of markets and competition from NEEs.

Front 5

Demographic Transition Model

Back 5

A model showing how populations should change over time in terms of theirbirth rates, death rates and total population size.

Front 6

Development

Back 6

The progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technologyand human welfare.

Front 7

Development gap

Back 7

The difference in standards of living and wellbeing between the world’s richestand poorest countries (between HICs and LICs).

Front 8

European Union

Back 8

An international organisation of 28 European countries, including the UK, formedto reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.Seventeen of these countries also share the same type of money: the euro. Aperson who is a citizen of a European Union country can live and work in any ofthe other 27 member countries without needing a work permit or visa.

Front 9

Fairtrade

Back 9

When producers in LICs are given a better price for the goods they produce.Often this is from farm products like cocoa, coffee or cotton. The better priceimproves income and reduces exploitation.

Front 10

Globalisation

Back 10

The process which has created a more connected world, with increases in themovements of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism) worldwide.

Front 11

Gross national income (GNI)

Back 11

A measurement of economic activity that is calculated by dividing the gross(total) national income by the size of the population. GNI takes into account notjust the value of goods and services, but also the income earned frominvestments overseas.

Front 12

Human Development Index (HDI)

Back 12

A method of measuring development in which GDP per capita, life expectancyand adult literacy are combined to give an overview. This combined measure of development uses economic and social indicators to produce an index figure thatallows comparison between countries.

Front 13

Industrial structure

Back 13

The relative proportion of the workforce employed in different sectors of theeconomy (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary).

Front 14

Infant mortality

Back 14

The average number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, per 1000 livebirths, per year.

Front 15

Information technologies

Back 15

Computer, internet, mobile phone and satellite technologies – especially thosethat speed up communication and the flow of information.

Front 16

Intermediate technology

Back 16

The simple, easily learned and maintained technology used in a range ofeconomic activities serving local needs in LICs.

Front 17

International aid

Back 17

Money, goods and services given by the government of one country or amultilateral institution such as the World Bank or International Monetary Fundto help the quality of life and economy of another country.

Front 18

Life expectancy

Back 18

The average number of years a person might be expected to live.

Front 19

Literacy rate

Back 19

The percentage of people who have basic reading and writing skills.

Front 20

Microfinance loans

Back 20

Very small loans which are given to people in the LICs to help them start a smallbusiness.

Front 21

North-south divide (UK)

Back 21

Economic and cultural differences between Southern England (the South-East,Greater London, the South-West and parts of the East) and Northern England(the North-East, West and Yorkshire and the Humber). There are cleardifferences in health conditions, house prices, earnings, and political influence.

Front 22

Post-industrial economy

Back 22

The economy of many economically developed countries where mostemployment is now in service industries.

Front 23

Science and business parks

Back 23

Business Parks are purpose built areas of offices and warehouses, often at theedge of a city and on a main road. Science parks are often located nearuniversity sites, and high-tech industries are established. Scientific research andcommercial development may be carried out in co-operation with the university.

Front 24

Service industries (tertiary industries)

Back 24

The economic activities that provide various services - commercial (shops andbanks), professional (solicitors and dentists), social (schools and hospitals),entertainment (restaurants and cinemas) and personal (hairdressers and fitnesstrainers).

Front 25

Trade

Back 25

The buying and selling of goods and services between countries.

Front 26

Transnational Corporation (TNC)

Back 26

A company that has operations (factories, offices, research and development,shops) in more than one country. Many TNCs are large and have well‐knownbrands.