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2018 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
ab, a
(prep.+abl.) by, from
abdico, abdicare
to abdicate
abeo, abire, abii, abitum
to go away, depart
abhorreo, abhorrere, abhorrui
(+ab+abl.) to be unconnected with; to differ from
abicio, abicere, abieci, abiectum
to throw down, cast down
abiectus, -a, -um
low, common, mean
abscondo, abscondere, abscondi, absconditum
to hide, conceal
absolutio, -onis, F
an acquittal
absum, abesse, afui, afuturus
to be away; to be absent
abundatia, -ae, F
abundance, plenty; prosperity
abutor, abuti, absus sum
(+abl.) to abuse, misuse
ac
and
accedo, accedere, accessi, acessurus
to go to, come to, approach
accelero, accelare
to hasten, hurry
accido, accidere, accidi, ---
to happen
accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptum
to receive, welcome, accept
accubo, accubare
to recline (at table)
accuso, accusare
to accuse, reproach
acer, acris, acre
sharp, fierce
acerbe
harshly, severly
acerbissimus, -a, -um
harshest, fiercest
acerbitas, -atis, F
bitterness, harshness
acerbus, -a, -um
bitter, harsh, violent, severe
acerrimus, -a, -um
sharpest, fiercest
acervus, -i, M
mass, pile, heap
acies, -ei, F
1) point, sharp edge 2) battleline
acrior, -ius
harsher, more severe
ad
(prep.+acc.) to, toward
adduco, adducere, adduxi, adductum
to lead to, bring before
adeo
actually, in fact; even
adeps, -ipis, M/F
fat, corpulence
adfero, adferre, attuli, adlatum
1) to bring to 2) to cause, produce
adficio, adficere, adfeci, adfectum
1) to treat, affect 2) to afflict, punish 3) to honor with
adfinis, -e
adjoining, connected with
adfligo, adfligere, adflixi, adflictum
damage, hurt, injure
adgrego, adgregare
to collect, bring together
adhibeo, adhibere, adhibui, adhibitum
to apply, use
adhuc
until now
adimo, adimere, ademi, ademptum
to take away, remove
adipiscor, adipisci, adeptus sum
to gain, obtain
aditus, -us, M
approach, entrance
adiungo, adiungere, adiunxi, adiunctum
to join, attach, accompany, to add to
adiuvo, adiuvare, adiuvi, adiutum
to help, assist
administer, -tri, M
assistant, helper
administro, administrare
to manage, guide, direct, control, regulate
admiror, admirari, admiratus sum
to wonder at, admire
admonitu, M
(only in Abl. sing) suggestion, request
adnuo, adnuere, adnui, ---
to nod in agreement
adquiro, adquirere, adquisivi, adquisitum
to add on, acquire, gain, understand
adsequor, adsequi, adsectus sum
to follow up, overtake; to accomplish, effect, attain
adservo, adservare
to watch over, keep under guard
adsideo, adsidere, adsedi, ---
to sit down
adsidue
continually, constantly
adsuefacio, adsuefacere, adsuefeci, adsuefactum
to train, accustom
adsum, adesse, adfui, adfuturum
to be present; assist, help, aid
adulescens, -entis, M
a youth, young man
adulescentulus, -i, M
a young man, youth
adulter, -i, M
adulterer, seducer
adultus, -a, -um
mature, full grown
adventus, -us, M
a coming, approach, arrival
advesperascit
(impersonal verb) it approaches evening, it is twilight
aedes, -is, F
building, temple; in plural: a home, dwelling
aedificio, aedificiare
to erect a building
aedificium, -i, N
building
aeger, -gra, -grum
ill, sick
aeque
equally, in like manner
aequitas, -atis
fairness, justice
aequus, -a, -um
1) even, flat; 2) equal, fair; 3) calm, composed
aerarium, -i, N
the treasury
aerarius, -a, -um
pertaining to a treasury
aes, aeris, N
copper, bronze; bronze tablet on which laws were inscribed
aestus, -us, M
heat, fever
aetas, -tatis, F
age, time of life
aeternus, -a, -um
lasting, enduring, permanent, eternal
ager, agri, M
land, field, country
agnosco, agnoscere, agnovi, agnitum
to recognize, assent to, acknowledge
ago, agere, egi, actum
1) to do, drive, act, accomplish; 2) to speak; 3) to plead
agrarii, -orum, M. pl.
the agrarian party, those seeking agrarian reforms
agrarius, -a, -um
of or pertaining to the land
agrestis, -e
of the fields or countryside, rustic, uncultivated, borish
aio (defective)
to say
alea, -ae, F.
dice, gambling
aleator, -oris, M
gambler
alienigena, -ae, M
one born in a foreign land; foreign
alienus, -a, -um
belonging to another, foreign, strange
alienus, -i, M
a foreigner, outsider
aliquando (adv.)
finally, at length, now at last; at some time, at any time
aliquanto (adv.)
by a little, a little
aliqui, aliqua, aliquod
1) some, any; 2) someone, anyone, something
aliquis,aliqua, aliquid
1) anyone, someone, anything, something; 2) some, any, a certain
aliquo (adv.)
to someplace, to somewhere
aliquot
some, several, a few
alius, -a, -ud
other, another
Allobroges, -um, M. pl.
the Allobroges, a war-like people of Gaul
alo, alere, alui, altum or alitum
to nourish, support, sustain, maintain
altaria, -ium, N. pl.
an altar, altar for sacrifice to the gods
alter, altera, alterum
one another, the other (of two)
altior, altius
higher, loftier, taller; greater
altus, -a, -um
high, lofty, tall; great, elevated
amans, -antis
affectionate, loving
amentia, -ae, F.
madness, frenzy
amicio, amicire, amicui, amictum
to cover, clothe, wrap, surround
amicus, -i, M.
a friend
amitto, amittere, amisi, amissum
to send away; lose, let go
amo, amare
to love
amor, -oris, M.
love, affection
amplector, amplecti, amplexus sum
to embrace
amplifico, amplificare
to extend, enlarge, increase, amplify
amplissimus, -a, -um
most distinguished, most noble
amplitudo, -inis, F.
1) breadth, size, bulk; 2) greatness, dignity, grandeur
amplius
more, further
amplus, -a, -um
full, abundant, copious, ample
an
or; Or?, Or is it the case?
angulus, -i, M.
angle, corner
anhelo, anhelare
to breath hard, gasp, pant; to desire eagerly
anima, -ae, F.
breath, spirit, life
animadversio, -oris, F.
attention, punishment
aminadverto, aminadvertere, aminadverti, animadversum
1) to pay attention to, attend to, regard, observe; 2) to punish, enact a punishment against
animus, -i, M.
1) mind, spirit; 2) determination, resolve; 3) in pl. courage; 4) feeling, mind, disposition
annus, -i, M.
year
ante (adv.)
before, previous, earlier
ante (prep.+acc.)
before
antea (adv.)
before
antelucanus, -a, -um
before dawn
antepono, anteponere, anteposui, antepositum
to put, prefer
antiquissimus, -a, -um
most ancient
antiquus, -a, -um
ancient, former, of old
aperio, aperire, aperui, apertum
to open, uncover, disclose, reveal
aperte
openly, clearly, without disguise
apertus, -a, -um
uncovered, exposed, open
apparatus, -a, -um
magnificent, splendid, sumptuous
appello, appellare
to call, name
Appenninius, -i, M.
the Apennine Mountains
appropinquo, appropinquare
to come near, approach
aptus, -a, -um
fit, suitable, proper
apud
among, at the house of
Apulia, -ae, F.
a province of south-east Italy
aqua, -ae, F.
water
aquila, -ae, F.
an eagle; standard of a legion
ara, -ae, F.
an altar
arbitror, arbitrari, arbitratus sum
to think, suppose, believe
arceo, arcere, arcui, ---
to keep (away from)
arcesso, arcessere, arcessivi, arcessitum
to summon, call, send for
ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsum
to burn, be on fire
ardor, -oris, M.
a burning, flame
argenteus, -a, -um
made of silver, silver
argentum, -i, N.
silver, money; silver platted serving dishes
argumentum, -i, N.
evidence, ground, support, proof
arma, -orum, N. pl.
arms, weaponry, weapons
armatus, -a, -um
armed, equipped with arms, carrying weapon, under arms
arx, arcis, F.
citadel, summit, stronghold
ascendo, ascendere, ascendi, ascensum
to mount, climb, ascend, reach
ascisco, asciscere, ascivi, ascitum
to add, adopt, enlist
aspectus, -us, M.
sight, view; appearance, picture; aspect, countenance
aspicio, aspicere, aspexi, aspectum
to look at, view, behold, regard
at
but
atque
and (whats more), and also
atrocitas, -atis, F.
cruelty, harshness, bitterness
atrox, atrocis
savage, cruel, violent, horrible
attendo, attendere, attendi, attentum
to notice, attend to, give heed
attribuo, attribuere, attribui, attributum
to assign (acc.) to (dat.), give, grant, entrust
auctionariuus, -a, -um,
pertaining to an auction
auctor, -oris, M.
author, originator, promoter
auctoritas, -atis, F.
1) power, authority, influence; 2) will, resolve; 3) judgement, decision
audacia, -ae, F.
insolence, boldness, recklessness, audacity, resumption
audacior, -ius,
bolder, more daring
audacissimus, -a, -um
boldest, most daring
audax, -acis
bold, daring, foolhardy, rash
audeo, audere, ausus sum
to venture, dare, be bold
audiens, -entis, M.
hearer, a listener
audio, audire, audivi, auditum
to hear
augeo, augere, auxi, auctum
to increase, make greater, extend
Aurelia Via
the Aurelian way
auris, -is, F.
ear
auspicium, -i, N.
1) omen, auspices, divination, by the flight of birds; 2) command, guidance, authority
aut
either...or
autem
1) but, on the contrary, however; 2) furthermore, in addition
auxilium, -i, N.
help, aid, assistance; plural: auxiliary forces, auxiliary troops
aversus, -a, -um
hostile to, blind to, opposed to
avus, -i, M.
grandfather, ancestor
bacchor, bacchari, bacchatus sum
to revel, rave, exult, rave like a bacchant
barbaria, -ae, F.
strange land, foreign country
barbarus, -a, -um
foreign, strange, barbarous, uncivilized
barbatus, -a, -um
bearded
beatus, -a, -um
1) happy, blessed, fortunate; 2) wealthy, rich, opulent
bellum, -i, N.
war
bene
well
beneficium, -i, N.
service, kindness
benevolentia, -ae, F.
goodwill, favor, gratitude
benignitas, -atis, F.
kindness, goodness, favor
bibo, bibere, bibi, ---
to drink
bipertito
in two parts
bis
twice
bona, -orum, N. pl.
goods, property
bonus, -a, -um
good, sound
brevis, -e
brief, short
breviter
briefly, in a few words
caedes, -is, F.
slaughter, massacre, murder
caelum, -i, N.
sky, heaven; air
calamitas, -atis, F.
misfortune, calamity, disaster
calliditas, -atis, F.
shrewdness, skill, cunning
campus, -i, N.
1) plain, field, level place, open field; 2) Campus Martius
cano, canere, cecini, ---
to sing, foretell, predict, prophesy
canto, cantare
to sing
capillus, -i, M.
hair, head of hair
capio, capere, cepi, captum
1) to take, receive; 2) to hold, contain; 3) to strike, capture
capitalis, -e
deadly, dangerous, pernicious
Capitolium, -i, N.
the Capitol, the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill
caput, -itis, N.
head, capital punishment
carcer, -eris, M.
prison
careo, carere, carui, cariturus
(+abl.) to be without, be depraved of
carior, -ius
more dear
carus, -a, -um
dear, esteemed, beloved, valued
castra, -orum, N. pl.
army camp, military camp
castrensis, -e
of the camp, in the camp
casus, -us, M.
a chance event, chance; accident, mishap
causa, -ae, F.
cause, reason; motive; case trial
cedo, cedere, cessi, cessum
(+dat.) to yield to, submit to, retreat before
celebro, celebrare
to celebrate, solemnize, keep
celeriter
swiftly, quickly
cena, -ae, F.
banquet, dinner, dinner party
censeo, censere, censui, censum
(of senators) to propose, vote, state their opinion
centurio, -onis, M
centurion
cerno, cernere, crevi, cretum
to see perceive, behold
certamen, -inis, N.
contest, struggle
certe
certainly, assuredly, to be sure
certior, certius
more assuredly
certissimus, -a, -um
most trust worthy, most loyal
certo, certare
to fight, contend, compete with, strive to out do
certus, -a, -um
fixed, settled, definite, certain; specified, particular
cervix, cervicis, F.
neck
ceteri, -ae, -a,
the others, the rest, everyone/ everything else, the remainder
cibus, -i, N.
food
cinis, -eris, M.
ashes, ember
circum
(prep.+acc.) around, about
circumcludo, circumcludere, circumclusi, cirumclusum
to shut in, hem in, surround, enclose
circumdo, circumdare, circumdedi, circumdatum
to put (acc.) around (dat.), to surround
circumscriptor, -oris, M.
cheat, swindle
circumsedeo, circumsedere, circumsedi, circumsessum
to sit around, surround
circumspicio, circumspicere, circumspexi, circumspectum
to look at, watch out for; consider
circumsto, circumstare, circumsteti, ---
to stand around, surround, besiege
Cisalpinus, -a, -um
on this side of the Alps
civilis, -e
of citizens, civil
civis, is, M/F.
citizen
civitas, -atis, F.
state, citizenship, citizen's rights
clam
secretly, privately, in secret
clamo, clamare
to shout out, cry out
clarior, clarius
clearer
clarissimus, -a, -um
most famous, most distinguished
clarus, -a, -um
brilliant, glorious; famous
clemens, -entis
mild, merciful, lenient, compassionate
clientela, -ae, F.
clientship, patronage; plural: body of clients
coepi, coepisse, coeptus sum
to begin, commence
coerceo, coercere, coercui, coercitum
to restrain, check, repress; to correct
coetus, -us, M.
meeting, assembly
cogitatio, -onis, F.
thought, design, plan
cogito, cogitare
to think, plan, consider
cognitor, -oris, M.
advocate, sponsor, defender
cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitum
to recognize, acknowledge, identify, investigate, examine
cogo, cogere, coegi, coactum
to summon, convene; to force, compel
colonia, -ae, F.
colony, colonial town
colonus, -i, M.
farmer, settler, colonist
color, -oris, M.
color, hue, tint
comes, -itis, M/F.
companion, associate, partner
comissatio, -onis, F.
revel, carousal
comitatus, -us, M.
escort, retinue, company
comitia, -orum, N. pl.
election
comitium, -i, N.
place of assmebly
comito, comitare
to accompany, follow, attend
commemoro, commemorare
1) to remember, recall, keep in mind; 2) to mention, recount, relate
commendatio, -onis, F.
recommendation, excellence, worth
commendo, commendare
to entrust (acc.) to (dat.), commit for protection
committio, committere, commisi, comissum
1) to begin (a fight); 2) to act, do; 3) to commit, perpetrate, be guilty of a crime; 4) to deliver, entrust, commit, yield,
commoveo, commovere, commovi, commotum
to stir up, alarm, agitate, disturb
communis, -e
common,general, universal, public
commuto, commutare
to alter wholly, change entirely, change
comparo, compare
1) to prepare, make ready; 2) to constitute, comprise; 3) to furnish, provide
compello, compellere, compuli, compulsum
to drive, force
comperio, comperire, comperi, compertum
to find out about, learn about, discover, ascertain
competitor, -oris, M.
rival, opposing candidate, competitor
complector, complecti, complexus sum
to embrace
complexus, -us, M.
embrace
complures, -ium
many several, more than one
comprehendo, comprehendere, comprehendi, comprehensum
to seize, arrest; to detect, discover
comprimo, comprimere, compressi, compressum
to restrain, hinder, check, repress
conatus, -us, M.
an attempt, endeavor, undertaking
concedo, concedere, concessi, concessum
to yield (acc.) to (dative), to submit, withdraw; to grant, defer
concido, concidere, concidi, ---
to fall down, collapse, decline, decay
concipio, concipere, concepi, conceptum
to conceive, imagine, devise
concito, concitare
to stir up, arouse, excite
concordia, -ae, F.
harmony, agreement, concord
concupisco, concupiscire, concupivi, concupitum
to desire eagerly
concurso, concursare
to run about, run to and fro
concursus, -us, M.
a gathering, a coming together
condemno, condemnare
to sentence, condemn, convict, find guilty
condicio, -onis, F.
agreement, condition, circumstances, position, situation
condo, condere, condidi, conditum
to found (a city)
confectus, -a, -um
weakened, impaired, exhausted
confero, conferre, contuli, conlatum
1) to bring together, collect; 2) to bring, direct; 3) to compare; 4) to contribute
confertus, -a, -um
stuffed, packed, full
confessio, -onis, F.
confession, acknowledgement
confestim
immeadiately
conficio, conficere, confeci, confectum
1) to complete, accomplish, fulfill; 2) to weaken, wear out, consume; 3) to destroy, kill
confido, confidere, confisus sum
to trust firmly, be confident that
confirmo, confirmare
1) to affirm, confirm, give assurance; 2) to strengthen, make strong; 3) to declare, promise
confiteor, confiteri, confessus sum
to confess
conflagro, conflagrare
to burn, consume with fire; to be on fire, be consumed
confligo, confligere, conflixi, conflictum
to struggle, fight, contend
conflo, conflare
1) to bring about, effect, produce, cause; 2) to bring together, make up, compose
confringo, confringere, confregi, confractum
to break into pieces, destroy
congrego, congregare
to assemble
conicio, conicere, conieci, coniectum
to throw, hurl; to drive, force
coniectura, -ae, F.
a conjecture, guess, inference, induction
coniunctio, onis, F.
union, bond
coniungo, coniungere, coniunxi coniunctum
to join, connect, unite
coniunx, -ugis, F/M.
husband, wife, spouse
coniuratio, -onis, F.
a conspiracy, plot
coniveo, conivere, conivi, ---
to overlook, leave unnoticed, look the other way
conlega or conllega, -ae, M.
partner in office, colleague, associate
conligo or colligo, conlegere, conlegi, conlectum
to collect, gather, assemble; muster
conloco, conlocare
to place, station, set up
conor, conari, conatus sum
to try, attempt
conroboro, conroborare
to strengthen, invigorate, make strong
conruo, conruere, conrui, ---
to perish, fall in ruin
consceleratus, -a, -um
criminal, defiled with crime
conscientia, -ae, F.
1) knowledge, consciousness, feeling, sense; 2) sense of right, conscience; 3) a sense of guilt, remorse; guilty conscience
conscriptus, -i, M
one enrolled
consecro, consecrare
to make scared
consensio, -onis, F.
agreement, unanimity, concord
consentio, consentire, consensi, consensum
to agree, unite, combine
consequor, consequi, consecutus sum
to pursue, overtake; to follow; to understand; to acquire, get, obtain
conservo, conservare
to preserve, save, keep intact, preserve
consilium, -i, N.
1) plan, design; 2) advice, deliberation, counsel; 3) purpose, judgement; 4) determination, resolution; 5) council, body of counselors
consolor, consolari, consolatus sum
to console, comfort, cheer, encourage
conspectus, -us, M.
sight, view, range of sight
conspicio, conspicere, conspexi, conspectum
to look at, see, gaze upon
conspiratio, -onis, F.
harmony, unanimity, concord, union
constanter
firmly, steadily, constantly, resolutely
constantia, -ae, F.
firmness, steadfastness
constituo, constituer, constitui, constitutum
1) to establish, decide, agree upon; 2) to designate, select, assign, appoint, decree; 3) to set up, found, constitute, set in order
constringo, constringere, constrinxi, constrictum
to bind, shackle, restrain
consuetudo, -inis, F.
custom, habit, usage
consul, -ulis, M.
a consul
consularis, -e
pertaining to the consul, consular; one of consular rank, ex-consul
consulatus, -us, M.
the office of consul, consulship
consulo, consulere, consului, consultum
(+dat.) 1) to consult, deliberate; 2) to take thought for, consider the interests of; 3) to ask for advise, ask one's opinion
consultum, -i, N.
decree, decision
consumo, consumere, consumpsi, consumptum
to waste, use up, consume
contamino, contaminare
to corrupt, contaminate, defile
contego, contegere, contexi, contectum
to cover, protect, conceal, bury
contemno, contemnere, contempsi, contemptum
to despise
contendo, contendere, contendi, contentum
to compare, contrast
contentio, -onis, F.
strife, struggle, rivalry, tension
contentus, -a, -um
content, satisfied
conticesco, conticescere, conticui, ---
to become still, fall silent, cease speaking
continentia, -ae, F.
self-restraint
contineo, continere, continui, contentum
1) to hold together, contain; 2) to hold back, limit, restrain; 3) to comprise, enclose
contingo, contingere, contigi, contactum
to touch: to happen to
contio, -onis, F.
meeting, assembly; public oration
contionator, -oris, M.
one who addresses the people at a public meeting; demagogue
contra
(prep+acc.) against
contraho, contrahere, contraxi, contractum
to draw together, contract (debt); to bring about, accomplish, produce
controversia, -ae, F.
quarrel, question, dispute, controversy
contumelia, -ae, F.
reprimand, reproach, insult, disgrace
convenio, convenire, conveni, conventum
1) to come together, meet, assemble, gather; 2) it is fitting
conventus, -us, M.
meeting, conference
converto, convertere, converti, conversum
to turn around, turn back, reverse, to face, to fix, center, direct
convinco, convinere, convici, convictum
to overcome, convict, refute, expose
convivium, -i, N.
banquet, feast
convoco, convocare
to summon, call together
copia, -ae, F.
supply, abundance, troops, forces
copiosus, -a, -um
wealthy, richly provided
corpus, -oris, M.
body
corrigo, corrigere, correxi, correctum
to correct, make straight, set right
corruptela, -ae, F.
a corruption, seduction, temptation
corruptor, -oris, M.
corruptor, seducer
corruptus, -a, -um
depraved, corrupted
contidianus, -a, -um
daily, everyday
cotidie
every day, daily
credo, credere, credidi, creditum
1) (+dat.) to believe; 2) to give (acc.) to (dat.), entrust to
cresco, crescere, crevi, cretum
to grow, increase, be strengthened
cruciatus, -us, M.
torture, torment, pain
crudelis, -e
cruel, pitiless
crudelissimus, -a, -um
most cruel
crudelitas, -atis, F.
harshness, cruelty
crudeliter
harshly, cruelly
crudelius
too cruel
cruentus, -a, -um
bloody, covered with blood
cubile, -is, N.
bed, couch; bed-chamber, resting place
culpa, -ae, F.
fault, blame, guilt
cum
1) (prep+abl.) with; 2) (conj.) when at the time when
cumulo, cumulare
to heap up, pile up
cunctus, -a, -um
all whole, entire
cupiditas, -atis, F.
a longing, desire, passion
cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitum
to long for, desire
cur
why
cura, -ae, F.
care, concern
curia, -ae, F.
senate house, place of meeting of the senate
curo, curare
to care for, take pains, attend to, take care that
currus, -us, M.
chariot
cursus, -us, M.
course, passage, direction, way
custodia, -ae, F.
watching, guard, protection, custody, confinement, surveillance
custodio, custodire, custodivi, custoditum
to watch, guard, protect
custos, -odis, M/F.
watchman, guard
damno, damnare
to condemn
de
(prep+abl.) 1) about, concerning, of, from among; 2) from, down from, out of
debeo, debere, debui, debitum
1) to owe; 2) to be owed, be due; 3) to be bound, be under obligation, should, ought; 4) to deserve to
debilis, -e
lame, disabled, crippled, infirm, debilitated
debilitatus, -a, -um
crushed, crippled, disabled
debilito, debilitare
to weaken, disable, to lame, debilitate
debitus, -a, -um
due, owing, appropriate
decedo, decedere, decessi, decessum
to go away, withdraw
decerno, decernere, decrevi, decretum
to decree, decide, determine
decimus, -a, -um
tenth
declinatio, -onis, F.
a bending aside, a turning away, a sideways movement
decoctor, -oris, M.
a spendthrift, ruined man, bankrupt
decretum, -i, N.
decree, formal, resolution
dedecus, -oris, N.
a shame, disgrace
deduco, deducere, deduxi, deductum
to lead away, draw out, turn aside
defatigo, defatigare
to wear out, tire, out, exhaust
defendo, defendere, defendi, defensum
to defend, justify, protect
defero, deferre, detuli, delatum
1) to carry away, remove; 2) to bring, transfer, deliver; 3) to indict, charge; 4) to report
deficio, deficere, defeci, defectum
1) to fail, be wanting, be overwhelmed; 2) to desert, abandon, forsake
defigo, defigere, defixi, defixum
to plunge in, drive, fix plant
deflagro, deflagrare
to burn up, consume with fire
deicio, deicere, deieci, deiectum
to throw down, avert, turn away, repel
deinde
then, next
delecto, delectare
to charm, please, delight
delectus, -a ,-um
a chosen force, picked men; a recruited force
deleo, delere, delevi, deletum
to abolish, destroy, annihilate
deligo, deligere, delegi, delectum
to choose
delubrum, -i, N.
temple, shrine, sanctuary
demens, -entis
mad, out of one's senses, insane
dementer
foolishly, madly
dementia, -ae, F.
folly, madness
demigro, demigrare
to go away, migrate, move, depart
deminutio, -onis, F.
decrease, lessening, diminution
demonstro, demonstrare
to show, point out
demum
at last, finally, not until then
denique
finally, at last; in short, in a word
denuntio, denuntiare
to announce, declare, proclaim; to order, command
depello, depellere, depuli, depulsum
to drive away, expel, remove, strike down
dependo, dependere, dependi, depensum
to pay
deploro, deplorare
to weep bitterly for, lament, deplore
depono, deponere, deposui, depositum
to put down, cast aside
deposco, deposcere, depoposci, ---
to demand, claim
depravo, depravare
to corrupt, pervert, spoil; lead astray
deprecor, deprecari, deprecatus sum
to avert, plead against, seek to avoid
deprehendo or deprendo, deprehendere, deprehendi, deprehensum
1) to detect, find out, discover; 2) to take, catch, seize
derelinquo, derelinquere, derelinqui, derelictum
to forsake, abandon, desert
describo, describere, descripsi, descriptum
to define, assign, prescribe, fix
desero, deserere, deserui, desertum
to desert, abandon
desiderium, -i, N.
a longing, ardent desire, wish
desidero, desiderare
to long for, wish for, desire
designo, designare
to point out; appoint, choose, elect
desino, desinere, destiti, desitum
to leave off, cease, desist, stop
desisto, desistere, destiti, destitum
to leave off, cease, desist from
desperatio, -onis, F.
hopelessness, despair
desperatus, -a, -um
without hope, desperate, abandoned
despero, desperare
to despair of, give up hoping for
destringo, destringere, destrinxi, destrictum
to strip off; to unsheathe, draw
desum, deesse, defui, ---
to be lacking, missing, absent; (with dat.) to be lacking to someone or something, to fail
detestor, detestari, detestatus sum
to denounce, avert, ward off
detraho, detrahere, detraxi, detractum
to draw off, take away
detrimentum, -i, N.
harm, loss
deus, -i, M.
a god, deity
devoveo, devovere, devovi, devotum
to devote, dedicate, consecrate
dextera, -ae, F.
right hand
dico, dicere, dixi, dictum
to say, speak
dictator, -oris, M.
dictator
dictatura, -ae, F.
dictatorship
dictito, dictitare
to keep saying
dies, -ei, M.
1) day; 2) a period of time, interval
difficilimus, -a, -um
most difficult
difficilis, -e
difficult
difficultas, -atis, F.
difficulty, trouble
dignitas, -atis, F.
greatness, dignity, authority, self-respect, honor, reputation
dignus, -a, -um
(+abl.) worthy, deserving, proper, suitable
diiudico, diiudicare
to judge, decide; to resolve
dilectus, -us, M.
choice, selection
diligens, -entis
careful, diligent; hard-working, industrious
diligenter
attentively, diligently
diligentia, -ae, F.
diligence, hard work, industry
diligentissimus, -a, -um
most diligent; most hard working
dilucesco, dilucescere, diluxi, ---
to become light, approach dawn
dimicatio, -onis, F
fight, combat, struggle, encounter
dimitto, dimittere, dimisi, dimissum
to break up, dissolve, dismiss
nam
for (explanatory, introduces a reason)
nanciscor, nancisci, nactus sum
to fing, get, obtain
nascor, nati, natus sum
to be born, to grow
natio, -onis, F.
race, tribe, people, nation
natura, -ae, F.
nature
naufragus, -i, M.
shipwrecked person, bankrupt, ruined person
-ne
added to the end of the first word of a sentence to form a question
nec/neque
and not, also not; nor
nec...nec
neither...nor
necessario
unavoidably, by necessity
necessarius, -i, M.
relative, kinsman; friend, client, patron
necesse
necessary
necesse est
it is necessary
necessitas, -atis, F.
need, necessity
neco, necare, necavi, necatus
to kill, to put to death
nefandus, -a, -um
impious, heinous, abomiable
nefarie
unlawfully, impiously, wickedly
nefarius, -a, -um
wicked, unlawful, impious, criminal
neglego, neglegere, neglexi, neglectum
to be indifferent to, disregard, not care about, neglect
nego, negare, negavi, negatus
to say no, deny, refuse
negotium, -i, N.
business, busness affair; difficulty, pains, trouble
nemo, M/F.
no one

(dat. nemini; acc. neminem; gen and abl s. from nullus)
nepos, -otis, M.
grandson, spendthrift, prodigal
nequam
wothless, good-for-nothing
nequior, -ius
comparative of nequam
nequitia, -ae, F.
worthless, vileness, wickedness
nescio, nescire, nescivi, ---
to not know, be ignorant
nescio an
I do not know whether
nex, necis, F.
murder, slaughter, violent death
nihil
1. (indeclinable noun) nothing; 2. (adv.) in no way
nimis
(adv) too much, excessively
nimium
(adv.) too much, exceedingly
nimius, -a, -um
too much, excessive
nisi
(conj.) if not, unless
niteo, nitere, nitui, --
to shine, glisten
nitidius, -a, -um
shining, bright
nix, nivis, F.
snow
nobilis, -e
(adj) distinguished, noble
nocens, -entis
(adj) guilty; (substantive) guilty one, culprit
noceo, nocere, nocui, nociturus
(+dat) to hurt, harm
nocturnus, -a, -um
occurring at night, nocturnal
nolo, nolle, nolui, --
to be unwilling, not wish
nomen, nominis, N.
name, appellation
nominatim
(adv.) by name
nomino, nominare, nominavi, nominatus
to name, call
non
(conj.) no, not
non solum...sed etiam
not only, but also
non iam
(adv) no longer
nondum
(adv.) not yet
nonne
(interrog. adv.; expects affirm answer) would not? surely not? did not?
nonnullus, -a, -um
some
nos, nostrum
we, us
noster, -tra, -trum
our
nota, -ae, F.
mark, stamp, brand
noto, notare, notavi, notatus
to mark, designate
notus,-a, -um
well-known, famous
November, -bris, -bre
(adj) of November
Kalendae Novembers
Kalends/first day of November
novus, -a, -um
recent, new
novae res
new things, revolution
nox, noctis, F.
night
nudius
it is now.... (from nunc dies est)
nudius tertius
it is now the third day
nudus, -a, -um
naked, bare
nullus, -a, -um
not any, none, no
num
1 (interrog. particle expecting a neg. answer) surely not?; 2. (in indirect questions) whether
numen, -inis, N.
divine power
numerus, -i, M.
number
numquam
(adv.) never
non numquam
(adv.) not never, sometimes, frequently, from time to time
nunc
(adv) now, at this time
nuper
(adv) recently, lately
nuptiae, -arum, F. pl
a wedding, marriage
nutus, M.
(no gen.; abl s. nutu) nod; command, will
ob
(prep+acc) on account of
obeo, obire, obivi, obitum
1. to travel over; 2. to surround; 3. to attend to; 4. to go to meet, engage in
obligo, obligare, obligavi, obligatus
to bind; pledge mortgage
oblino, oblinere, oblevi, oblitum
to daub, smear
oblitus, -a, -um
(+gen) forgetful, unmindful, not remembering
obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus sum
(+gen) to forget
obscure
(adv) secretly, stealthily, in the dark; darkly, obscurely, in a way that is difficult to understand
obscuro, obscurare, obscuravi, obscuratus
to cover up, hide, obscure
obscurus, -a, -um
hidden, secret, obscure
obses, -idis, M
hostage; surety, pledge, assurance, guarantee
obsideo, obsidere, obsedi, obsessum
1. to besiege, surround; 2. to watch for, wait for
obsides, -idis, M
hostage, pledge
obsidio, -onis, F
siege, blockade, besieging
obsto, obstare, obstiti, obsitium
(+dat) to thward, hinder, prevent
obstupefacio, obstupefacere, obstupefeci, obstupefactum
to stupify, amaze
obstupesco, obstupescere, obstupui, ---
to be astonished, dumbstruck, amazed, thunderstruck
obsum, obesse, ofbui, --
(+dat) to be harmful to, hurt, injure
obtempero, obtemperare, obtemperavi, obtemperatus
to comply, obey
obtineo, obtinere, obtinui, obtentum
to assert, maintain, prove, demonstrate
obtingo, obtingere, obtingi, --
to befall, happen, occur
occasus, -us, M
ruin, destruction, downfall
occido, occidere, occidi, occisum
to strike down; to kill, slay, murder
occido, occidere, occidi, occasum
to fall, to go down, to set
occludo, occludere, occlusi, occlusum
to shut up, close
occulte
(adv) in secret, in concealment, secretly
occultus, -a, -um
concealed, secret
occupo, occupare, occupavi, occupatus
to take possession of
occurro, occurrere, occurri, occursum
(+dat) to run to meet; to oppose, resist
oculus, -i, M.
eye
odi, odisse
(defective verb) to hate
odium, -i, M.
hatred, ill-will, enmity
offendo, offendere, offendi, offensum
to offend, displease, repel, vex
offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatum
(+acc/+dat) to offer, give, to expose (acc) to (dat)
officium, -i, N.
service, duty, function
omen, -inis, N.
omen, sign of the future
omitto, omittere, omisi, omissum
to omit, disregard; to pass over, say nothing of
omnis, -e
all, every
opera, -ae, F
effort, work, labor, service, pains, exertion, assistance
opinio, -onis, F
opinion, expectation, common belief, general impression
opinor, opinari, opinatus sum
to think, believe, be of the opinion
oportet
it is right, it is proper, it is fitting
oppeto, opetere, oppetivi, oppetitum
to meet, encounter
oppono, opponere, opposui, oppositum
(+acc/+dat) to put (acc) against (dat)
opprimo, opprimere, opressi, opressum
1. to crush, to overwhelm, put down; 2. to suppress, subdue, check, restrain, overpower; 3. to press upon, burden, oppress
ops, opis, F
help, aid, support; (pl.) resources
optimates, optimatium, M. pl.
the optimates, the aristocratic party
optimus, -a, -um
the best, best
opto, optare, optavi, optatus
desire, wish for; pray for
opus, operis, N.
work, labor, toil; occupation, trade
oratio, -onis, F.
speech, oration
orbis, -is, M.
round surface, circle
ordo, ordinis, M.
1. row, line, series, order, rank; 2. class, rank, degree, body (senatorial, equestrian, and plebian)
orior, oriri, ortus sum
to rise
ornamentum, -i, N
equipment, decoration, mark of honor, ornament, adornment; (pl.)resources
orno, ornare, ornavi, ornatus
to equip, furnish, supply, adorn; to honor, dignigy
ortus, -us, M.
rising, rise
os, oris, N.
mouth; face, countenance
ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, ostentum
to show
ostendo, ostentare, ostentavi, ostentatus
to show, display
otiosus, -a, -um
1. leisurel, quiet, peaceful; 2. carefree, unconcered
otium, -i, N.
leisure, quiet, peace
paco, pacare, pacavi, pacatus
to subdue, pacify
pactum, -i, N.
an agreement, stipulation, contract
paene
(adv) almost
paenitet
it causes regret to (acc. person) for (gen obj)
palam
(adv) openly
pango, pangere, pepigi, pactum
to fix, settle, determine, agree upon
pars, paris
equal
paratus, -a, -um
prepared, ready
paratus, -us, M
preparation, provision
parco, parcere, peperci, parsum
(+dat) to spare, preserve by sparing
parens, -entis, M/F
parent, father, mother
pareo, parere, parui, --
(+dat of person) to obey
paries, -etis, M.
wall of a house, house wall
pario, parere, peperi, partum
1. to bear, bring forth, give birth; 2. to produce, create; 3. to acquire, obtain; 4. (passive) to accrue, result
paro, parare, paravi, paratus
to prepare, make ready, provide; acquire, obtain
parricia, -ae, M.
parricide, murderer of his father, desperate ciminal
parricidium, -i, N.
parricide, murder of a father; murder, destrction
pars, partis, F.
1. part, portion, share; 2. party, faction, side
particeps, -cipis, M.
(+gen) partner, participant in
partim
(adv) partly
parum
(adv) too little, not enough; insufficiently
parvolus, -a, -um
very small, very little
parvus, -a, -um
small
pastor, -oris, M
herdsman, shepherd
patefacio, patefacere, patefeci, patefactum
to throw open, disclose, bring into light
pateo, patere, patui, --
to lie open, be clear, be plain
pater, -tris, M
father
patientai, -ae, F.
patience, edurance
patior, pati, passus sum
suffer, allow, edure, permit
patria, -ae, F.
fatherland
patricius, -i, M.
patrician, nobelman, man from the upper class
patrimonium, -i, M.
inheritance from a father, paternal estate
paucus, -a, -um
few
paulisper
(adv) for alittle while, for a short time
paulo
(adv) a little, by a little
paulum, -i, N
a little, trifle, small amount
paulus, -a, -um
a little
pecto, pectere, pexi, pexum
to comb
pecunia, -ae, F
money; (pl) riches
pecus, pecudis, F
sheep, cattle
pedester, pedestris, pedestre
on foot, pedestrian
direptio, -onis, F.
a plundering, pillaging, sack
direptor, -oris, M.
pillager
diripio, diripere, diripui, direptum
to tear to pieces, plunder
discedo, discedere, discessi, discessum
to go apart, separate, scatter
discessus, -us, M.
departure, withdrawal
disciplina, -ae, F.
teaching, instruction
disco, discere, didici, ---
to learn
discribo, discribere, discripsi, discriptum
distribute, divide, assign; arrange
discrimen, -inis, N.
critical moment, decision, determination
dispertio, dispertire, dispertivi, dispertitum
to distribute, divide, apportion
dissemino, disseminare
to sow, scatter, spread, extend
dissensio, -onis, F.
disagreement, dissention, discord, strife
dissentio, dissentire, dissensi, dissensum
to disagree, be at odds, differ
dissimilis, -e
unlike, different
dissimulo, dissimulare
to hide, conceal, disguise, pretend that something is not so, dissimulate
dissolutus, -a, -um
lax, remiss; negligent, careless, irresponsible
dissolvo, dissolvere, dissolvi, dissolutum
1) to unloose, separate; 2) to pay, discharge; 3) to be released from debt
distribuo, distribuere, distribui, distributum
to divide, distribute, apportion
diu
a long time, a long while, for a long time
diutius
too long, rather long; longer, for along time, any longer
divello, divellere, divelli, divulsum
to tear away
diversus, -a, -um
different, various, diverse
divinitus
from heaven
do, dare, dedi, datum
to give
dolor, -oris, M.
pain, grief, resentment, distress, anguish, sorrow
domesticus, -a, -um
1) of the family, domestic, household, private; 2) domestic, native
domicilium, -i, N.
home
dominatio, -onis, F.
rule, dominion, power, tyranny
domus, -us, F.
home
dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormitum
to be asleep
dubitatio, -onis, F.
doubt, hesitation
dubito, dubitare
to doubt; (+inf.) hesitate
dubius, -a, -um
doubtful, uncertain
duco, ducere, duxi, ductum
to lead, guide, conduct; to draw (a sword)
dudum
for a long time
dulcis, -e
sweet
dum
while, yet, still;as long as, provided that
duo, duae, duo
two
dux, ducis, M.
leader, commander, general
ebriosus, -a, -um
drunk, drunken
ecquis, ecquid
1) anyone? anything? any at all? 2) (indirect question) whether any
edictum, -i, N.
edict, proclamation
edo, edere, edidi, editum
to set forth, publish, write down
edoceo, edocere, edocui, edoctum
to explain, show exactly
pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsum
to beat, strike, hurl, impel; to drive away
Penates, -ium, N.
household gods; guardian gods of the family
penitus
(adv) deeply, deep within
per
(prep+acc) 1. (personal agency) through, by, through he efforts of, by the agency of; 2. (in oaths) by
percello, percellere, perculi, perculsum
to strike down, overthrow, destroy
percipio, percipere, percepi, perceptum
to learn, understand, know
percutio, percutere, percussi, percussum
to strike
perditus, -a, -um
ruined, profligate, lost, corrupt
perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditum
to run, destroy
perduco, perducere, perduxi, perductum
to lead through, bring, conduct
pereo, perire, perii, peritum
to perish, be destroyed
perfero, perferre, pertuli, perlatus
1. to bring, convey, carry through; 2. to bear, put up with, endure, allow; 3. to report
perficio, perficere, perfeci, perfectum
to complete, bring about, accomplish, finish, bring to pass
perfringo, perfringere, perfregi, perfractum
to break thoroughly, violate, infringe
perfruro, perfrui, perfructus sum
(+abl) to enjoy fully
perfugium, -i, N.
place of refuge, shelter
pergo, pergere, perrexi, perrectum
to go on, go forward, march, proceed
perhorresco, perhorrescere, perhorrui, --
to be terrified at, shudder at
periclitor, periclitari, periclitatus sum
to put in peril, endanger
periculum, -i, N
danger, risk
permagnus, -a, -um
very large, very great
permaneo, permanere, permansi, permansurus
to remain, stay
permitto, permittere, permisi, permissum
(+acc/+dat) to entrust (acc) to (dat)
permodestus, -a, -um
very modest, extremely shy
permoveo, permovere, permovi, permotum
to move deeply, arouse, excite, disturb
permultus, -a, -um
very much; (pl) very many
pernicies, -ei, F
danger, destruction, calamity, ruin; (+dat) destruction for
perniciosus, -a, -um
dangerous, destructive, ruinous, harmful, pernicious
perpetuus, -a, -um
perpetual, continuous, lasting, permanent
persaepe
(adv) very often
perscribo, perscribere, perscripsi, perscriptum
to write out; to record, register
persequor, persequi, persecutus sum
to pursue, hunt down, chase, overtake
perspicio, perspicere, perspexi, perspectum
to see clearly, perceive, understand, observe, mark, note
perterreo, perterre, perterrui, perterritum
to frighten thoroughly, terrify
pertimesco, pertimescere, pertimui, --
to become thoroughly frightened, to fear terribly, tremble, dread
pertineo, pertinere, pertinui, --
to pertain to, have reference to, concern, tend to, apply to, relate to
perturbo, perturbare, perturbavi, perturbatus
to disturb, throw into confusion, discompose, embarrass
pervenio, pernenire, perveni, perventum
to reach, come to, arrive at
pestis, -is, F.
disease, plague, pest; destruction, ruin
petitio, -onis, F.
blow, thrust, attack
peto, petere, petivi, petitum
1. to seek for, aim at; 2. to attack, assault
petulantia, -ae, F.
impudence, wantonness, petulance
pietas, -atis, F.
loyalty, sense of duty
placeo, placere, placui, placitum
(+dat) to pleas, suit, satisfy
plane
(adv) plainly, clearly
plebs, plebis, F.
the common people
plenus, -a, -um
full, crowded, thronged
plurimus, -a, -um
most, very many
plus, pluris
(adj) more
poena, -ae, F.
punishment
polliceor, polleri, pollicitus sum
to promise
pono, ponere, posui, positum
to put, place
pons, pontis, M.
bridge
educo, educere, eduxi, eductum
to lead out, bring forth
effero, efferre, extuli, elatum
1) to carry away; 2) to raise up, elevate, exalt
effrenatus, -a, -um
unrestrained, unbridled
effugio, effugere, effugi, ---
to flee from, escape from
egens, -entis
poor, needy
egeo, egere, egui, ---
(+abl.) to need, lack, to want, to be without
egestas, -atis, F.
want, lack, destitution
egredior, egredi, egressus sum
to go out, come forth, depart
egregius, -a, -um
distinguished, extraordinary
eicio, eicere, eieci, eiectum
to throw out, hurl forth, cast out, drive away
eiectus, -a, -um
condemned, rejected, wrecked
elabor, elabi, elapsus sum
to slip away, escape
eludo, eludere, elusi, elusum
to elude, avoid; to escape, to mock, insult
emergo, emergere, emersi, emersum
to come forth, arise, extricate oneself, get free from
emitto, emittere, emisi, emissum
to send out, send away
emorior, emori
to die, decease
enim
for, because
eodem
to the same place
eques, -itis, M.
equestrian, horseman, member of the equestrian order
equitatus, -us, M.
cavalry
erga
(prep. + acc.) toward
ergo
then, therefore
eripio, eripere, eripui, ereptum
to snatch away,tear out, take away; to rescue, deliver
erro, errare
1) to wander, to go astray; 2) to be mistaken, to err
eructo, eructare
to belch, belch forth; to make drunken threats about
erumpo, erumpere, erupi, eruptum
to burst forth, break out; be disclosed
et
and, also
etenim
(adv.) for, indeed, really; (conj.) for, truly, indeed, since, because
etiam
now too, yet, as yet, still, even, even though
Eturia, -ae, F.
a region of Italy northwest of Rome
evado, evadere, evasi, evasum
to go forth, escape
everto, evertere, everti, eversum
to overturn, overthrow, destroy
evocator, -oris, M.
a summoner, a recruiter
evomo, evomere, evomui, evomitum
to vomit forth, eject
ex, e
(prep + abl.) from. out of
exaggero, exaggerare
to heap up, accumulate; to heighten, magnify, exalt
exanimatus, -a, -um
weaken, tired, exhausted; frightened, terrified
exaudio, exaudire, exaudivi, exauditum
to hear clearly, listen to, heed, regard
excedo, excedere, excessi, excessum
to go forth, depart, leave, withdraw
excelsus, -a, -um
high, lofty, elevated
excido, excidere, excidi, ---
to fall from, fall away, slip away
excipio, excipere, excepi, exceptum
to take up, capture, receive; to take out, single out; to exclude, omit
excito, excitare
to stir up, rouse up, raise up
ecludo, excludere, exclusi, exclusum
to shut out, exclude
excursio, -onis, F.
a running out, running away; attack, excursion
exeo, exire, exii, exitum
to go forth, set out; to go away, depart
exerceo, exercere, exercui, exercitum
to exercise, train ,discipline
exercitatio, -onis, F.
training, exercise, practice, experience
exercitus, -us, M.
army
exhaurio, exhaurire, exhausi, exhaustum
to drain off, remove, exhaust
exigo, exigere, exegi, exactum
to complete, end, finish
exilium, -i, N.
exile
eximius, -a, -um
exceptional, outstanding, distinguished, extraordinary
existimo, existimare
to think, believe, consider, estimate, judge
exitiosus, -a, -um
deadly, dangerous, destructive
exitium, -i, N.
destruction, ruin
exitus, -us, M.
an outcome, result, conclusion, end
expectatio, -onis, F.
expectation; eagerness, concern, anticipation
expello, expellere, expuli, expulsum
to drive out, drive away, eject, expel
expono, exponere, exposui, expositum
to set forth, explain
expromo, expromere, exprompsi, expromptum
to practice, exert; exhibit, display
exsilium, -i, N.
exile
exsisto, exsistere, exstiti, ---
to emerge, appear; to exist, be
exspecto, expectare
to expect, wait for
exstinguo, extinguere, extinxi, extinctum
to kill, put out, quench, destroy, blot out, extinguish
exsto, exstare, exstiti, ---
to appear, arise, exist, be found
exsul, -is, M.
exile
exsulto, exsultare
to rejoice, exult
extermino, exterminare
to drive out, drive away, expel
externus, -a, -um
external, foreign
extorqueo, extorquere, extorsi, extortum
to twist out, wrench away
extremum, -i, N.
end
facile
easily
facilius
more easily
facinorosus, -i, M.
criminal, vicious man
facinus, -oris, N.
crime, villainy
facio, facere, feci, factum
to make, do
factum, -i, N.
deed, act
facultas, -atis, F.
power, means, opportunity
pontifex, pontificis, M.
priest
popina, -ae, F.
tavern
popularis, -e
(adj) pertaining to the people, democratic, popular, devoted to the people, populist
populus, -i, M.
people, nation
porta, -ae, F.
city-gate, gate
possessio, -onis, F.
property, possession, holding, having
possum, posse, potui, --
to be able
post
(prep+acc) after
postea
(adv) afterward, after this, later, after that, often
posteri, -orum, M. (pl)
coming generations, descendant, posterity
posteritas, -atis, F.
the future, future time, after ages
posterus, -a, -um
future, subsequent, ensuing
posthac
(adv) after this, hereafter, henceforth, in the future, afterward
postremo
(adv.) finally
postremus, -a, -um
last, final
postulo, postulare, postulavi, postulatus
to ask, demand, request, desire
potens, -entis
(adj) power
potentissiums, -a, -um
most powerful
potestas, -atis, F.
power, ability, opportunity
potior, potiri, potitus sum
(+gen) to take possession of, gain, acquire
potius
raher
prae
(prep+abl) in front of; in comparison with
praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitum
to give, grant, offer
praeceps, -cipitis
headlong, rash, inconsiderate, hasty
praecipio, praecipere, praecepi, praeceptum
to consider beforehand; to advise, warn; to order, command
praecipue
(adv) especially, chiefly, principally
praeclarus, -a, -um
very famous, distinguished, outstanding, extraordinary; splendid, admirable, excellent
praecurro, praecurrere, praecucurri, praecursus
(+dat) to run before; to surpass, outstrip
praedator, -oris, M.
plunderer, robber
praedico, praedicare
1. to proclaim, boast, claim, declare; 2. to praise, laud; 3, to say first, begin by saying
praedico, praedicere, praedixi, praedictum
to say beforehand,predict, foretell
praedium, -i, N
farm, estate
praefectura, -ae, F.
prefecture, city governed by a prefect
praefero, praeferre, praetuli, praelatum
to place before, offer, present
praemitto, praemittere, praemisi, praemissum
to send ahead
praemium, -i, N
reward, recompense
Praeneste, -is, F
Praeneste (modern Palestrina), a town about twenty miles southeast of Rome
praescribo, praescribere, praescripsi, praescriptum
to instruct, give instruction, direct
praesens, -entis
(adj) 1. present, at hand, in person; 2. powerful, influential; helpful; 3. (of time) present, contemporary, existing
praesidium, -i, N
garrison, guard; defense, protection; armed escort, troops
praesto
(adv) at hand, ready, present
praesto, parestare, praestiti, praestitum
to stand in front, be responsible
praestolor, praestolari, praestolatus sum
(+acc/dat) to wait for, expect
praeter
(prep+acc) except for, besides, apart from; against, contrary to
praeterea
(adv) besides, furthermore
praetereo, praeterire, praeterii, praeteritum
to pass over, pass by
praetermitto, praetermittere, praetermisi, praetermissum
to let pass by, let slip, neglect, omit
praeterquam
(adv) beyond, besides, except, other than
praetero, -oris, M
praetor, roman magistrate who acted as a judge
praetoria cohors
praetorian guard, the body guard of a praetor or general
praetorius, -a, -um
pertaining to a praetor or general, praetorian
praetura, -ae, F.
praetorship, office of praetor
precor, precari, precatus sum
to pray to, invoke, entreat, beg
premo, premere, pressi, pressum
to press, overwhelm
pretium, -i, N.
price, bribe
pridem
(adv) long ago, for a long time
pridie
(adv) on the day before
primo
(adv) at first
primum
(adv) first
primus, -a, -um
first, foremost
princeps, -cipis, M.
chief, leader, foremost man
principium, -in N.
beginning, commencement, origin
pristinus, -a, -um
former, ancient
priusquam
before, earlier, than
privatus, -a, -um
private, not public; out of office
privatus, -i, M.
private citizen
privo, privare
to deprive (acc) of (abl)
pro
(prep+abl) on behalf of, in return for, in place of
probo, probare
1. to approve, recommend; 2. to prove, make clear
procella, -ae, F
storm, squall
procul
(adv) formerly, once
procuatio, -onis, F.
superintendency, charge, management
prodigium, -i, N.
1. omen, portent, prodigy; 2. a monster, unnatural being, unnatural crime
prodigus, -a, -um
wasteful, lavish, prodigal, spendthrift
proelium, -i, N
battle, fight
profectio, -onis, F
setting out, departure, going away
profecto
(adv) certainly, assuredly
profero, proferre, protuli, prolatum
to bring forward
proficio, proficere, profeci, profectum
to accomplish
proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum
to set out, depart
profiteor, profiteri, professus sum
(+ two acc) to declare publicly that one is, to avow oneself to be, to claim to be
profligo, profligare
to overthrow
profugio, profugere, profugi, profugitum
to flee, run away, escape
profundo, profundere, profundi, profusum
to pour forth; squander
progredior, progredi, progressus sum
to go forward, proceed, advance, go
prohibeo, prohibere, prohibui, prohibitum
to hold back, prevent, obstruct
proicio, proicere, proieci, poiectum
to hurl forth, throw out
proinde
(adv) therefore, accordingly
prolato, prolatare
to postpone,put off
propago, propagare
(+acc/dat) to increase, prolong, preserve; establish, ordain
prope
(adv) nearly, almost, about
propono, proponere, proposui, propositum
to put forward, present, propose; to consider
propius, -a, -um
(+gen) one's own, peculiar to, proper to, appropriate for
propter
(prep+acc) on account of
propulso, propulsare
to drive back, drive off, ward off, avert, repel
proscriptio, -onis, F.
proscription, confiscication
prosequor, prosequi, prsecutus sum
to follow, pursue, accompany, escort
prospicio, prospicere, prospexi, prospectum
(+acc/dat) to foresee, see beforehand, provide for, take precautions for
prostratus, -a, -um
on the ground, prostrate; powerless
prosum, prodesse, profui, --
(+dat) to be useful to , benefit, profit, serve
providentia, -ae, F
wisdom, foresight
provideo, providere, providi, provisum
(+dat) to foresee; to care for, provide for, take precautions for, prepare
provincia, -ae, F.
province, territory governed by a Roman magistrate
provincialis, -e
of or pertaining to a province, in a province
proximus, -a, -um
1. nearest, next; 2. most recent, last; 3. following, ensuing, upcoming
prudens, -entis
prudent, discreet, wise
prudentia, -ae, F
foresight, wisdom, prudence
prunia, -ae, F
cold, frost
publication, -onis, F
confiscation
publice
(adv) publicly, in public
falcarius, -i, M.
scythe-maker
fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsum
to deceive, mislead, trick; to disappoint
falsus, -a, -um
false, not true
fama, -ae, F.
1) reputation; 2) rumor, report; 3) good reputation, fame
fames, -is, F.
hunger
familia, -ae, F.
household, family; group of slaves
familiariter
very closely, familiarly, on intimate terms
fanum, -i, N.
shrine, sanctuary
fascis, -is, M.
bundle
fatalis, -e
ordained by fate, destined, decreed
publico, publicare
to confiscate, take away; to make public
publicus, -a, -um
of the people, public, for the common good, common
pudor, -oris M.
modesty, sense of shame, decency
puer, -eri, M
boy, young man
pugna, -ae, F
fight, battle, combat
pugno, pugnare
o fight
pulcher, -era, -erum
beautiful
pulvinar, -aris, n
couch of the gods, cushioned seat on which images of the gods were placed during a feast of the gods
punctum, -i, N
point, moment
punio, punire, punivi, punitum
to punish
purgo, purgare
to clean out, cleanse, purify, purge
purpura, -ae, F
purple
purpuratus, -a, -um
wearing purple
puto, putare
to think, believe, consider
fateor, fateri, fassus sum
to admit, confess, grant, acknowledge
fatum, -i, N.
fate, destiny; ill-fate, calamity, death; prediction about the future, that which is ordained
fauces, -ium, F. pl.
1) jaws; 2) mountain passes
faveo, favere, favi, fauturus
to be favorable, well disposed, to favor
fax, facis, F.
1) torch, firebrand; 2) meteor, comet, shooting star; 3) incitement, stimulus
febris, -is, F.
fever
fere
almost, practically, nearly
fero, ferre, tuli, latum
1) to bear, endure, tolerate; 2) to cast a vote, give an opinion; 3) to report, say, tell
ferramenta, -orum, N. pl.
arms, weapons, iron implements
ferreus, -a, -um
made of iron; hard-hearted, unfeeling
ferrum, -i, N.
iron; sword
fidelis, -e
trustworthy, faithful
fides, -ei, F.
faith, trust; loyalty, credit, confidence, reliance
filia, -ae, F.
daughter
filius, -i, M.
son
fingo, fingere, finxi, finctum
to fashion, invent, imagine
finis, -is, M.
limit, boundary, termination; pl. territory
fio, fieri, factus sum
to be made, become; to happen, occur, be done
firmo, firmare
to make firm, strengthen, fortify
firmus, -a, -um
secure, reliable, strong
fixus, -a, -um
fixed, firm, rooted
flagitiose
disgracefully
flagitiosissime
most disgracefully
flagitiosus, -a, -um
shameful, disgraceful
flagitium, -i, N.
shameful act, disgraceful deed
flagito, flagitare
to demand
flamma, -ae, F.
flame blaze, fire
flecto, flectere, flexi, flexum
to turn aside, turn away
florens, -entis
flowering, blooming; prosperous
floreo, florere, florui, ---
to bloom, to blossom; to flourish, be prosperous, be distinguished
flos, floris, M.
flower
focus, -i, M.
fireplace, hearth
foedissimus
foulest
foedus, -a, -um
foul, defiled, impious
foedus, -eris, N.
treaty, league, compact, alliance
foras
out of doors
foris
out of doors, outside; outside the city
formido, -inis, F.
fear, dread
fors, fortis
strong
fortasse
perhaps
forte
by chance
fortis, -e
strong, firm, steadfast; brave, courageous, spirited, bold
fortissimus, -a, -um
most honorable
fortiter
bravely, strongly, courageously
fortitudo, -inis, F.
strength, firmness, courage, fortitude
fortuna, -ae, F.
1) fortune, luck, circumstances, fate; 2) good fortune; 3) state, condition; 4) pl. possessions, property, goods
fortunatissimus, -a, -um
luckiest, most fortunate
fortunatus, -a, -um
fortunate, lucky, blessed
forum, -i, N.
the forum
frango, frangere, fregi, fractum
to break, break down, soften, weaken
fraudatio, -onis, F.
deception, fraud, cheating
frequens, -entis
a great number, crowded, in a crowd
quaero, quaere, quaesivi, quaesitum
to seek, to look for, to strive, to attain
quaesitio, -ionis, F.
1. a question, inquiry; 2. judicial investigation, trial, court of law
quaesitior, -oris, M
investigator, examining magistrate, prosecuting official
quaeso
I beg, I pray, I beseach
quaestus, -us, M
business, employment, occupation, trade
qualis, -e
(adj) such as, of such a kind
quam
(adv) than
quam
(adv) in what manner, how
quamquam
(conj) although; and yet
quantus, -a, -um
how much, how great
quantus, -a, -um
how much, how great
quapropter
(adv) for this reason, wherefore, on this acount
quartus, -a, -um
forth
-que
and
querimonia, -ae, F.
complaint
queror, queri, questus sum
to complain about
qui, quae, quod
who, which, what
quia
(conj) because
quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque
(indef pron +adj) some, certain, a certain one, certain ones
quidem
(adv) indeed
quies, -etis, F.
rest, repose, peace, quiet, inaction, freedom from exertion
quiesco, quiescere, quievei, quietum
to keep quiet, be inactive, be at peace
quietus, -a, -um
peaceful, at rest
quintus, -a, -um
fifth
Quirites, M pl.
citizens
quis, quid
who? what? what kind of?
quispiam, quaepiam, quodpiam
anyone, anything
quisquam, quidquam
1. (adj) some, any; 2. (indef pron) someone, anyone; something, anything
quisque, quaeque, quidque
each, each person, each one
quisquis, quicquid
whoever, whatever
quo
1. (adv) to this place; 2. (conj) t what place, to where, whither; 3. (conj) to what point? how long?
quoad
(adv) as long as, until
quocumque
(adv) to wherever, in whatever direction, whithersoever
quondam
(adv) formerly, once, at one time
quoniam
(adv) since, seeing that, because
quoque
(conj) also, toos
quot
how many
quotiens
(adv) how many times, as often as, as many times as
quotienscumque
(adv) as may times as, as often as
frequentia, -ae, F.
crowd, multitude, throng
frequento, frequentare
to fill with a multitude
fretus, -a, -um
(+abl.) relying on, trusting in
frigus, -oris, N.
cold, coldness, chill
frons, frontis, F.
forehead
fructus, -a, -um
fruit, profit, enjoyment; gratification; achievements, benefits, rewards
fruor, frui, fructus sum
(+abl.) to enjoy, have the benefit of
fuga, -ae, F.
flight, fleeing, running away, exile
fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitum
to flee, fly, run away
fugitivus, -i, M.
fugitive, runaway slave
fulgeo, fulgere, fulsi, ---
to shine brightly, gleam
fulmen, -inis, N.
lightening flash, stroke of lightening, thunderbolt
fundamentum, -i, N.
foundation
fundo, fundare
to found, set up, establish
funestus, -a, -um
deadly, fatal, destructive
fungor, fungi, functus sum
(+abl.) to perform, fulfill
furiosus, -a, -um
mad, raging, wild
furo, furere, ---, ---
to rage, rave, be out of one's mind
furor, -oris, M.
rage, fury, madness, passion
furtim
furtively, secretly, like a thief
furtum, -i, N.
theft, robbery; deceit
ganeo, -onis, M.
glutton, profligate, debauchee
gaudium, -i, N.
gladness, enjoyment, joy
gelidus, -a, -um
cold, icy cold
gener, -eri, M.
son-in-law
gens, gentis, F.
race, clan, tribe, people
genus, -eris, N.
tribe, kind, class, type; family, birth, descent
gero, gerere, gessi, gestum
to carry; accomplish, do, manage, perform
gladiator, -oris, M.
gladiator; fighter, cutthroat
gladiatorius, -a, -um
gladiatorial
gladius, -i, M.
sword
gloria, -ae, F.
glory, honor, praise, renown
gradus, -us, M.
a step, stage, grade
gratia, -ae, F.
favor, gratitude; pl. thanks
gratulatio, -onis, F.
joy, congratulation, rejoicing, public thanksgiving
gratus, -a, -um
pleasing, welcome
gravis, -e
serious, heavy, weighty, burdensome
gravissimus, -a, -um
heaviest, most severe, most important, most influential
graviter
seriously, gravely
gravius
more heavily
grex, gregis, M.
flock, herd
gubernatio, -onis, F.
direction, management, steering, government
rapina, -ae, F.
plundering, ribbery, pillage, rapine
rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum
1. to seize and carry off; 2. to drive, impel, push
ratio, -onis, F.
1. method, reason, rational thinking; 2. mode, manner, way
recens, recentis
(adj) recent, fresh
recipio, recipere, recepi, receptum
1. to promise, pledge oneself, take responsibility, undertake, agree; 2. to take back, receive, accept; 3. to receive, welcome
recito, recitare
to read aloud, read out
recognosco, recognosverre, recognovi, recognitus
to recall to mind, recollect, review
reconciliatio, -onis, F.
reestablishment, restoration, reinstatement
recondo, recondere, recondidi, reconditum
to put away, hide, conceal
recorder, recordari, recordatus sum
to think over, remember, recollect, call to mind
recreo, recreare
to restore, refresh
recta
(adv) straightaway, directly
recte
(adv) rightly, properly, suitably, appropriately, correctly
recusatio, -onis, F.
a declining, a refusal
recuso, recusare
to refuse
redeo, redire, redii, reditum
to go back, retrun
redimio, redimire, redimii, redimitum
to bind around, crown
redundo, redundare
1. to run over, overflow, be in excess, be abundant; 2. to wash back over, overwhelm, redound
refero, referre, rettuli, relatus
1. to carry back; 2. to report; 3. to refer, show, submit for consideration
regie
(adv) regally, tyrannically
regio, -onis, F.
a territory, province, districkt, area, region; boundary-line, limit
regno, regnare
to reign, to rule as king
regunum, -i, M.
rule, authority, sovereignty, super power
relevo, relevare
to relieve, free, lighten; to free from a burden
relinquo, relinquere, relinqui, relictum
to leave behind
reliquus, -a, -um
remaining, the rest, left over, left
remaneo, remanere, remansi, remansum
to remain, remain behind, be left
remissio, -onis, F.
relaxation, slack, loose; negligent, remiss
remoror, remorari, remoratus sum
to hold back; to be delayed, deferred
removeo, removere, removi, remotum
to exclude (acc) from (abl), to take away, set aside, withdraw, remove
repello, repellere, repuli, repulsum
to drive back, drive away, repulse; to drive away from, keep away from
repente
(adv) suddenly
repentius, -a, -um
sudden
reperio, reperire, repperi, repertum
to find out, discover
reprimo, reprimere, repressi, repressum
to restrain, check, curb
repudio, repudiare
to spurn, refuse, put aside, reject
res, rei, F.
thing, affair, fact, circumstance, reason, matter, business
reseco, rescare, rescui, resctum
to cut away
reservo, reservare
to preserve, save, keep
resideo, residere, resedi, --
to be left, stay behind, remain
resisto, resistere, restiti, --
1. to stand still, remain behind; 2. to withstand, oppose, resist
respondeo, respondere, respondi, responsum
to reply to, to respond to, to answer (acc. thing) to (dat. person)
responsum, -i, N.
an answer, reply, reponse; opinion, advice
restinguo, restinguere, restinxi, restinctum
to extinguish, put out
restituo, restituere, restitui, restitutum
to restore
resto, restare, restiti, --
to be left, remain; (+dat) to oppose, resist, withstand
reticeo, reticere, reticui, --
to be silent
retineo, retinere, retinui, retentum
to hold back, maintain, preserve
retorque, retorquere, retorsi, retortum
to twist back, turn back
rettundo, rettundere, rettundi, retusum
to beat back, weaken, blunt, dull
reus, -, M
person accused, defendant
reverotr, reverti, reversus sum
to return, come back
revoco, revocare
to call back, recall, diverty
rex, regis, M.
king
robur, -oris, N
oak tree; strength
robustus, -a, -um
strong, hardy
rogor, rogare
to ask, request
Romanus, -a, -um
Roman, of or belonging to Rome
ruina, -ae, F.
a downfall, ruin, catastrophe
rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruputum
to burst, break
rusticus, -a, -um
pertaining to the country, rustic, rural
sacra, sacroroum, N (pl)
sacred rites, religious rituals
sacrarium, -i, N
shrine, sanctuary
sacrosanctus, -a, -um
sacred, inviolate; untouched, safe
saeculum, -i, N.
age, century
saepe
(adv) often
saepio, saepire, saepsi, saeptum
to hedge in, fence around; protect
saepius
very often
sagax, sagacis
intellectually quick, keen, acute, sagacious
salto, saltare
to dance
salus, -utis, F.
health, safety
saltuo, salutare
to greet, welcome, hail, pay respects to
salvus, -a, -um
safe, unharmed; solvent, free from debt
sancio, sancire, sanxi, sanctum
1. to make sacred; 2. to decree, ordain
sanctissiums, -a, -um
most sacred; very upright, conscientious
sane
truly, indeed, by all means
sanguis, -inis, M
blood
sano, sanare
to heal, cure, make healthy
sanus, -a, -um
sound, sane, healthy
sapiens, -entis, M
wise man, philosopher
satelles, satellitis, M/F
1. attendant, follower; 2. accomplice, partner
satis
(+gen) enough, sufficient
saucius, -a, -um
wounded
scaena, -ae, F
stage, scene; theater
scelerate
(adv) wickedly, criminally
sceleratus, -a, -um
wicked, criminal, impious
sceleratus, -i, M
scoundrel, criminal
scelus, -eris, N
a wicked deed, crime, sin
scientia, -ae, F
knowledge
scilicet
(adv) you may know, you may be certain; clearly, surely, certainly
scio, scire, scivi, scitum
to know, be aware of
scortum, -i, N
harlot, prostitute
scriba, -ae, M.
clerk, secretary, accountant, career, civil servant
se/sese
him/herself, themselves
secedo, seceder, secessi, secessum
to withdraw, go away
secerno, secernere, secervi, secertum
to separate, segregate, seclude
securis, -is, F.
as
sed
(conj) but
sedes, -is, F
a seat, chair; dwelling-place, residence
seditio, -onis, F.
a rebellion, insurrection, sedition, treason
sedo, sedare
to settle, stop, bring to an end
seiungo, seiungere, seiunxi, seiunctum
to disunite, disjoin, seperate, part
sella, -ae, F.
chair, bench, work-stool
semel
(adv) once
semen, seminis, N
seed
seminarium, -i, N
breeding ground, hot-bed
semper
(adv) always, ever
semperiternus, -a, -um
everlasting, perpetual, eternal
senatus, -us, M
sense of perceptino, feelings, sense, consciousness, emotion
sententia, -ae, F
1. opinion, judgment; 2. plan, purpose, resolve; 3. intention, will, desire
sentina, -ae, F.
bilge water, refuse, sewage; the lowest of the people, dregs, rabble
sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus
perceive, feel, sense; think, realize, know
sepelio, spelire, sepelivi, sepultum
to bury; to ruin, destroy
sequor, sequi, secutus sum
to follow, pursue; to adopt, act on, put into effect
serius
too late
sermo, -onis, M
1. talk, conversation, discourse, speech; 2. rumor, report
serpo, serpere, serpsi, serptum
to creep along, crawl, glide
serta, -orum, N (pl)
wreath of flowers, garlands
serus, -a, -um
late
servio, servire, servii, servitum
(+dat) 1. to serve, be a slave; 2. to labor for, gratify; 3. to aim at, have regard to
servitium., -i, N
slavery; (pl) body of slaves, class of slaves, slaves
servo, servare
to save, make safe, deliver, rescue, preserve
servus, -i, M
slave, servant
severior, -ius
more severe
severitas, -atis, F.
seriousness, gravity, strictness, severity
severus, -a, -um
serious, strict, stern, severe
si
(conj) if
sic
(adv) so, thus, in such a way
sica, -ae, F
dagger
sicarius, -i, M
assassin, murderer
sicut
(adv) as, just as
significatio, -ionis, F
sign, indication; omen, portent
signum, -i, n
1. sign, mark; 2. a seal, the impression of a seal ring; 3. image, picture, statue; 4. (pl) military standards
silentium, -in, N
silence
sileo, silere, silui
to be silent; to not speak of, suppress
silvestris, e
(adj) wooded, of the woods
similis, -e
(adj) like, resembling, similar
simul
(adv) at the same time
simulacrum, -i, N.
image, statue
sin
(conj) but if, in not, if however, in on the contrary
sine
(Prep+abl) without
singularis, -e
(adj) single, extraordinary, unprecedented
singuli, -ae, -a
(pl. adj) one by one, individual; one to each, separate
sino, sinere, sivi, situm
to permit, allow
sinus, -us, M
curve, fold; bosom
sitis, -is, F
thirst
sobrius, -a, -um
sober
societas, -atis, F
fellowship, alliance, association
socius, -i, M
companion, ally, partner; accomplice
sodalis, -is, M/F
close friend, intimate, boon companion
sol, solis, M
the sun
soleo, solere, solitus sum
(+infin) to be accustomed
solitudo, solitudinis, F
isolation, solitude
sollicitatio, -onis, F.
inciting, instigation
sollicito, sollicitare
to stir, rouse up, excite, incite, provoke
sollicitus, -a, -um
excited, alarmed, anxious, worried
solum
(adv) only
solum, -i, N
soil, ground
solus, -a, -um
alone, only
solutior, solutius
more careless
solutus, -a, -um
careless, lax, remiss
somnus, -i, M
sleep; inactivity, laziness
sors, sortis, F.
1. fate, lot; 2. wages, pay
spargo, spargere, sparsi, sparsum
to scatter, to sprinkle
species, -ei, F.
apperance, look; outward, apperance
speculator, speculari, speculatus sum
watch
spero, sperare
to hope, expect, believe
spes, -ei, F.
hope
spiritus, -us, M
breath, air
spolio, spoliare
to rob someone (acc) of something (abl); strip, deprive, plunder
sponte
free will, accord
stabilio, stabilire, stabilivi, stabilitum
to make firm, establish, assure
statim
(adv) at once, immediately, right away
statua, -ae, F
image, statue, monumental figure
statuo, statuere, statui, statum
1. to set up, erect, place, stand; 2. to decide, choose, resolve, decree
status, -us, -um
condition, situation, status
stirps, stirpis, F.
stalk, stem, root; source, origin
sto, stare, steti ,statum
to stand, remain firm
studeo, studere, studui, --
1. (+infin) to be egar to do; 2. (+dat) to be eager for, desire
studiosus, -a, -um
(+gen) interested in, devoted to, found of
studium, -i, N
eagerness, zeal, inclination, desire; (pl) pursuits, interests
stultitia, -ae, F
foolishness, simplicity
stultus, -a, -um
foolish, stupid
stuprum, -i, N.
lewdness, outrage; incest, lust; shame, adultery
suadeo, suadere, suasi, suasum
to advise, urge, recommend
subeo, subire, subicio, subicere, subieci, subiectum
to undergo, endure
subicio, subicere, subieci, subiectum
to bring (acc) to (dat)
subiector, -oris, M
forger
subigo, subigere, subegi, subactum
to crush, suppress, overpower, subdue
subito
(adv) suddenly
subsellium, -i, N
low bench, seat; a senator's seat
succedo, succedere, successi, successum
(+dat) to approach, march to, draw near
suffero, sufferre, sustuli, sublatum
to suffer, undergo, endure
sum, esse, fui, futurus
to be
summa, -ae, F
precedence, chief rank, leadership, supreme power; the highest welfare, the greatest good
summus, -a, -um
highest, extreme; most important, most eminent
summo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptum
to take in hand, claim; to exact or inflict punnishment
sumptuose
(adv) expensively, sumptuously
sumptus, -um, M
expense
superior, -ius
1. higher; 2. former previous, earlier; 3. most recent
supero, superare
to surpass, conquer
supersum, superesse, superfui, superfuturus
to be left, remain, remain alive
superus, -a, -um
higher, above
supperdito, supperditare
to supply, provide, abundantly
supplex, -icis, M
suppliant, supplicant, humble petitioner
supplicatio, -onis, F
public thanksgiving, thanksgiving day, festival
supplicium, -i, N
1. humble entreaty, petition, supplication; 2. punishment, penalty
surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectum
to stand up
suscipio, suscipere, suscepi, susceptum
to undertake, take upon oneself; incur, bear
suspicio, suspicere, suspexi, suspectum
to mistrust, suspect
suspicio, suspicionis, F
suspicion
suspicior, suspicari, suspicatus sum
to mistrust, suspect
sustento, sustentare
to procrastinate, put off, defer, delay; to support, depend upon
sustineo, sustinere, sustinui, sustentum
to endure, tolerate, sustain
suus, -a, -um
his/her own, its own, their own
tabella, -ae, F
writing tablet, waxed tablet for writing; something used metaphorically for the letters that were written on such tablets
taberna, -ae, F
shop, inn, tavern
tabesco, tabescere, tabui, --
to waste away, pine away
tabula, -ae, F.
1. board; 2. writing tablet, letter; 3. (pl) public records; 4. an auction placard, auction sale
taceo, tacere, tacui, tacitum
to be silent, say nothing
taciturnitas, -atis, F
a keeping silent, silence, taciturnity
tacitus, -a, -um
silent, secret, hidden, concealed
taeter, -tra, -trum
foul, loathsome
talaris, -e
(adj) reaching to the ankles
talis, -e
(adj) such, of such a kind, of such a sort
tam
(adv) so, such, so much
tamen
(adv) nevertheless
tametsi
(conj) nevertheless
tamquam
(adv) as much as; as if, as though
tandem
(adv) finally, at last; (in ?) I as you, pray tell
tango, tangere, tetigi, tactum
to strike at, smite, hit
tantum
(adv) so much, only so much
tantus, -a, -um
so much, so great; of so great a size, such great
tarde
(adv) late, lastly, slowly
tardissime
last of all, finally
tarditas, -atis, F
slowness, tardiness
tardus, -a, -um
slow, late, tardy
tectum, -i, N
roof; house, dwelling, abode
telum, -i, N
a missile weapon, spear, javelin
temere
(adv) rashly, heedlessly, too boldly, imprudently, unwisely
temeritas, -atis, F
rashness, boldness, heedlessness, thoughtlessness, foolhardiness, recklessness, indiscretion
temperantia, -ae, F
moderation, temperance, self-control
tempestas, -atis, F
a storm, tempest
templu, -i, N
a place dedicated to a deity, temple, shrine
tempto, temptare
1. to try, test, attempt; 2. to attack, assail
tempus, -oris, N
1. time, occasion, time of need emergency, crisis; 2. (pl) the times, conditions, circumstances
tendo, tendere, tetendi, tentum
to hold out, stretch out
tenebrae, -arum, F. pl.
darkness
tenero, tenere, tenui, tentum
to hold, catch; to maintain preserve
tenuis, -e
(adj.) thin, slender; humble, poor
termino, terminare
to set bounds, bound, limit, set limits, define, determine
terminus, -i, N.
limit, border, boundary
terra, -ae, F.
land
tertius, -a, -um
third
testamentum, -i, M.
will, testament
Tiberis, is, M.
the River Tiber
timeo, timere, timui, --
to fear, be afraid of, dread
timidus, -a, -um
fearful, afraid, faint-hearted
timor, -oris, M.
fear, dread
toga, -ae, F
toga
togatus, -a, -um
citizen, civilian
tolerabilis, -e
bearable, endurable, tolerable, not extremely harsh
tolero, tolerare
to tolerate, endure, allow
tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatum
1. to lift up, raise up, elevate, exalt; 2. to remove, destroy, take away, abolish
tot
so many
totiens
so often, so many times
totus, -a, -um
all, the whole, total, entire
tracto, tractare
to handle, manage, conduct
trado, tradere, tradidi, traditum
to hand over, deliver
Transalpinus, -a, -um
on the other side of the Alps
transcendo, transcendere, transcendi, transcensum
to climb over, make one's way across, cross over
transfero, transferre, transtuli, translatum
to convey, direct, transfer
tansigo, transigere, transegi, transactum
to accomplish, carry out, put into effect
tribunal, tribunalis, N
platform, raised platform for seats of magistrates
tribunus, -i, M
commander, chief representative
tribunun aerarius
paymaster, official in charge of making payments from the public treasury, tribune of the treasury
tribunus plebis
tribune of the people
triduum, -i, N
a three-day period
triumpho, triumphare
to celebrate a triumph; rejoice, be glad
triumphus, -i, M
triumphal procession; triumph, victory
trucido, trucidare
to slaughter, slay, kill, murder
tuba, -ae, F
trumpet
tueor, tueri, tutus sum
to guard, maintain, protect; to look at
tum
(adv) at that time; thereupon, next, afterwards
tumultus, -us, M
disturbance, disorder, rebellion, insurrection
tumulus, -i, M
heap of earth, mound, hill
tunica, -ae, F
tunic
turbulentus, -a, -um
restless, stormy, troublesome
turpis, -e
(adj) shameful, disgraceful
turpissime
most shamefully
turpitudo, -inis, F
baseness, shamefulness, dishonor, disgrace
turpiter
(adv) shamefully, disgracefully, dishonorably
tuus, -a, -um
your
tyrranus, -i, M
tyrant, absolute ruler, despot
uber, -eris, N
a teat, udder, brest
ubinam
where? where in the world?
ulcisor, ulcisci, ultus sum
o take vengeance on, take revenge against, avenge; punish
ullus, -a, -um
any, any one, any at all
ultro
(adv) voluntarily, of one's own accord, unasked, spontaneously
unquam
at any time, ever
una
(adv) along with, together with
undique
(adv) from all sides, from everywhere
unguentum, -i, N
ointment, unguent, perfume
unice
(adv) uniquely, singularly, especially
universus, -a, -um
all together, entire, whole
unus, -a, -um
one, alone, single
urbanus, -a, -um
urban, pertaining to the city
urbs, urbis, F
city
usque
(adv) all the way
usura, -ae, F
use, enjoyment; (in business) interest
usurpo, usurpare
to use, employ
uterque, utraque, utrumque
each of two, both
utilior, utilius
more useful
utilis, utile
useful, profitable
utilitas, -atis, F
usefulness; benefit, profit, advantage, welfare
utor, uti, usus sum
(+abl) 1. use, enjoy; 2. to reat, to deal with; 3. find
uxor, -oris, F.
wife
habeo, habere, habui, habitum
1) to have, hold;2) celebrate; 3) to hold, convene, cause to take place
haereo, haerere, haesi, haesum
to cling to, remained fixed in, abide, continue
haesito, haesitare
to hesitate, be at a loss, be irresolute
haruspex, haruspicis, M.
soothsayer, diviner, prophet
hebesco, hebescere
to grow dull
hesternis, -a, -um
of or concerning yesterday
hic
in this place, here
hic, haec, hoc
this
hiems, hiemis, F.
winter
hinc
hence, from this place, from this (reason), from (on) this side
hodiernus, -a, -um
of today, today's
homo, hominis, M.
human being, man, person
honestas, -atis, F.
honor good reputation, good character, merit
honeste
honorably
honestissimus, -a, -um
most honorable
honesto, honestare
to honor, dignify, adorn, grace
honestus, -a, -um
honorable, distinguished, noble
honor, -oris, M.
1) honor, repute, distinction; 2) high office, public honor
horribilis, -e
horrible, dreadful, terrible
hortor, hortari, hortatus sum
to urge, encourage, exhort
hospitum, -i, N.
hospitality, ties of hospitality
hostis, -is, M/F.
enemy, public enemy
huc
hither, to this point
humanitas, -atis, F.
kind consideration, kindness, humanity
humanus, -a, -um
human, cultured, refined
humus, -i, F.
earth, ground, soil
humi
on the ground
iaceo, iacere, iacui, ---
to lie, lie down, be in an inferior position, be at disadvantage
iacio, iacere, ieci, iactum
to throw, hurl; to send forth, utter, declare
iacto, iactare
to throw, toss, throw about, toss about, torment
iactus, -us, M.
throwing, casting, hurling
iam
1) now, right now; 2) already
Ianuarius, -a, -um
of January
ibi
there, in that place
idcirco
on that account, for this reason
idem, eadem, idem
the same
Idus, Iduum, F. pl.
Ides, middle of the month
igitur
therefore, accordingly
ignavia, -ae, F.
laziness, cowardice
ignis, ignis, M.
fire
ignominia, -ae, F.
shame, dishonor
ignoro, ignorare
to not know, be unacquainted with
ignotus, -a, -um
unknown, not known
ille, illa, illud
this, that
illinc
on that side, from that side
imago, -inis, F.
likeness, picture, image,
imberbis, -e
beardless
immanis, -e
enormous, immense; monstrous
immanitas, -atis, F.
enormity, excess; savageness, fierceness, barbarism
immaturus, -a, -um
unripe, premature, too early, untimely
immineo, -ere
(+dat.) to threaten
immitto, immittere, immisi, immissum
to send in, send against
immo
nay, on the contrary
immortalis, -e
immortal, imperishable, eternal
impedio, impedire, impedivi, impeditum
hinder, prevent
impello, impellere, impuli, impulsum
to urge on, encourage, impel
impendeo, impendere
(+dat.) to hang over, be imminent, threaten, impend
imperator, -oris, M.
commander, general
imperitus, -a, -um
unskilled, ignorant
imperium, -i, N.
chief command, power, authority; empire
impero, imperare
to order, command
impertio, impertire, impertivi, impertitum
to bestow, give a share, give, impart
impetro, impetrare
to gain one's end, succeed, prevail
impetus, -us, M.
an attack, assault
impius, -i, M.
an impious, wicked, shameless
impius, -a, -um
impious, wicked, shameless
imploro, implorare
to entreat, beg, beseech, implore
importunissimus, -a, -um
most troublesome, cruelest, savagest
importunus, -a, -um
1) troublesome, cruel, savage; 2) unsuitable, unnatural; 3) unmannered, rude
improbissimus, -a, -um
wickedest
improbitas, -atis, F.
wickedness, dishonesty
improbus, -a, -um
wicked, base, shameless
improbus, -i, M.
wicked person, rogue, criminal
impubes, -eris
youthful, young, not full-grown
impudens, -entis,
shamelessly, without shame, extremely bold, impudent
impudenter
shameless, without shame, impudently
impudentia, -ae, F.
rashness, boldness; shamelessness, imprudence, effrontery
impudicus, -a, -um
unchaste, shameless
impunitus, -a, -um
unpunished
impurus, -a, -um
unclean, impure
in
(+abl.) in ,on, in the case of; (+acc.) into, against
inanis, -e
empty, vain
inauratus, -a, -um
gilded, overlaid with gold
incendium, -i, N.
burning, fire, conflagration
incendo, incendere, incendi, incensum
to set fire to burn
incensio, -onis, F.
burning
inceptum, -i, N.
beginning, undertaking
incetus, -a, -um
not fixed, unsettled, doubtful, uncertain
incido, incidere, incidi, ---
to fall into, incur (debt)
incido, incidere, incidi, incisum
to cut through
incipio, incipere, incepi, inceptum
to begin
inclino, inclinare
to learn, tend
includo, includere, inclusi, inclusum
to shut in, inclose, confine
incolumis, -e
safe, unharmed
incredibilis, -e
unbelievable, unparalleled
increpo, increpare, increpui, increpitum
to make a sound, rattle, rustle
incumbo, incumbare, incubui, incubitum
to bend to (the oars); apply oneself to, pay attention to
indemnatus, -a, -um
uncondemned, unsentenced
index, indicis, M./F.
informer, witness, spy
indicium, -i, N.
proof, evidence, sign ,mark
indico, indicare
to disclose, inform, betray; to inform against, accuse
indico, indicere, indixi, indictum
to appoint, announce, declare publicly
induco, inducere, induxi, inductum
1) to lead on, influence, induce; 2) to ensnare, delude
industria, -ae, F.
hard work, diligence, industry
ineo, inire, inii, initum
to begin, attempt, undertake
iners, ertis,
lazy, sluggish, cowardly
inertia, -ae, F.
inactivity, idleness, laziness; lack of skill
infamis, -e
of ill-repute, shameful, disreputable, infamous
inferi, -orum, M. pl.
the dead, shades, inhabitants of the lower world
infero, inferre, intuli, inlatum
1) to bring acc. to dative, to carry to, introduce; 20 inflict on, bring against
inferus, -a, -um
low, below
infestissimus, -a, -um
most hostile, most dangerous
infestus, -a, -um
hostile, dangerous, troublesome, threatening
infimus, -a, -um
the lowest, last, most humble; M. pl. slaves
infinitus, -a, -um
not limited, infinite; countless, indefinite
infirmus, -a, -um
weak, feeble, infirm
infitiator, -oris, M.
a denier, defaulter, one who repudiates a debt
infitior, infitiari, infitiatus sum
to deny, contradict
inflammo, inflammare
to inflame, kindle; to arouse, excite
ingenium, -i, N.
natural talent
ingens, -entis
huge, enormous
ingenuus, -i, M.
freeborn man, free man who has free parents
ingravesco, ingravescere
to increase, grow worse
ingredior, ingredi, ingressus sum
to advance, go forward, march, proceed
inhio, inhiare
(+dat.) to open the mouth to
inhumanissimus, -a, -um
most brutal, cruelest
inhumanus, -a, -um
brutal, cruel, inhuman
inicio, inicere, inieci, iniectum
to throw onto; to thrust upon, cause, bring about
inimicitiae, -arum, F. pl.
enmity, hostility
inimicus, -i, M.
enemy, personal enemy
iniquitas, -atis, F.
inequality, unfairness, injustice
iniquus, -a, -um
unfair, unjust
initio, initiare
to initiate, consecrate
iniuria, -ae, F.
wrongly, unjustly
inlecebra, -ae, F.
charm, enticement, allurement
inlustris, -e
bright, brilliant; famous, honorable, renowned
inlustro, inlustrare
to bring to light, reveal, disclose; to illuminate, make clear
inopia, -ae, F.
want, lack of resources, scarcity, poverty, indigence
inquam
I say
inquis
you say
Iinretio, inretire, inretivi, inretium
to catch in a net, ensnare, entangle
inscribo, inscribere, inscripsi, inscriptum
to write upon, inscrible
vacillo, vacillare
to sway to and fro, stagger, reel; to vacillate
vacuefacio, vacuefacere, vacuefeci, vacuefactum
to make empty, make clear, make vacant
vacuus, -a, -um
empty, free
vadimonium, -i, N
bail, security, bail-bond, promise of appearance secured by bail
vagina, -ae, F
scabbard, sheath for a sword
valde
(adv) very much, exceedingly
valeo, valere, valui, valitum
be strong, powerful
vastitas, -atis, F
devestation, destruction, ruin
vasto, vastare
to lay waste, devastate, destroy
vates, -is, M
poet, prophet, soothsayer
vectigal, --alis, N
tribute, tax, revenue
vehemens, -entis,
(adj) 1. vigorous, strong, forceful, powerful; 2. eager, active; 3. violent
vehementer
(adv) strongly, vehemently, violently
vehementior, -ius
more strongly
vehementissime
most eagerly, most earnestly; strongly, most forcefully
velum, -i, N
cloth, covering, awning, curtain, veil
vena, -ae, F.
vein, blood vessel
veneficus, -i, M
prisoner
venenum, -i, N
poison
veneror, venerari, veneratus sum
to venerate, worship, pray to, reverence, adore, honor
venio, venire, veni, ventum
to come
verbum, -i, N
word; (pl) language
vere
(adv) 1. truly, really; 2. properly, rightly
vereor, vereri, veritus sum
1. to fear, be afraid, 2. to revere, respect, reverence
vero
(adv) in truth, certainly, to be sure, truly, in fact, but, although, however, on the other hand
verso, versare
1. to turn often, to keep turning, to twist; 2. (passive) to live in, dwell, remain, stay
versor, versari, versatus sum
1. to be, be situated in, exist; 2. to be busied, be employed, be engaged in; 3. to move about, keep turning; 4. to be around, be among, belong; 5. to live in, dwell
verum
(adv) truly, indeed; but yet, still, however
verum, -i, N.
the truth, reality, fact
verus, -a, -um
true, real, genuine
vesperia, -ae, F
evening
Vesta, -ae, F
the goddess Vesta
vester, vestra, vestrum
your, yours
vestigium, -i, N
footprint, trace; (pl) ruins
vetus, -eris
(adj) old, ancient, of old, of a former time, of long standing
vexatio, -onis, F
annoyance, outrage, insult, harassment
vexo, vexare
to harass, trouble, vex
via, -ae, F.
way, course, policy
vibro, vibrar
to move to and fro, to brandish
vicesimus, -a, -um
the twentieth
vicinus, -i, M
neighbor
voctor, -oris, M.
a conqueror, victor
voctoria, -ae, F
victory
videlicet
(adv) one may see, it is evident, clearly, plainly
video, videre, vidi, visum
1. to see; 2. (passive) to seem; to be seen
vigilans, -antis
watchful, vigilant, careful
vigilia, -ae, F
1. a watching, wakefulness, lying awake; 2. guard, watch, night watch; 3. lack of sleep
vigilo, vigilare
to watch, keep awake, be wakeful; stay up late for, do at night
villa, -ae, F.
a country-house, farm, villa
vinco, vicere, vici, victum
conquer, defeat, vanquish
vinculum, -i, N
bond, fetter, imprisonment
vindex, -icis, M
an avenger, punisher
vindico, vindicare
to punish
vinum, -i, N
wine
violo, violare
to threat with violence, injure, dishonor, outrage, violate
vir, -i, M
man, husband
virgo, -inis, F
maiden; Vestal Virgin
virtus, -utis, F
1. courage, bravery, valor; 2. strength, vigor; 3. virtue, moral goodness
vis, vis, F
force, strength, power, violence
viscus, visceris, N
internal organs, viscera, guts, entrails
vita, -ae, F
life, way of life
vitium, -i, N
fault, crime, vice
vito, vitare
to avoid
vituperatio, -onis, F
blame, reproach, accusation, censure
vivo, vivere, vixi, victum
to live, have life, be alive
vivus, -a, -um
alive, living, gaving life
vix
(adv) with difficulty, barely, hardly, scarcely
vixdum
(adv) barely, scarcely
voco, vocare
to call, summon; to convoke, convene
volito, volitare
to fly about, go to and fro
volnus, -eris, N
wound
volo, velle, volui, --
to wish, want, will, desire
voltu, -us, M
face, look; appearance, expression
voluntas, -atis, F
1. wish, will, desire, choice, inclination; 2. disposition, consideration; 3. goodwill, favor
voluptas, -atis, F.
pleasure, satisfaction, enjoyment
votum, -i, N
vow, prayer; wish, promise
vox, vocis, F
voice, sound; word, saying, speech
vulnero, vulnerare
to wound, hurt, injure
insepultus, -a, -um
unburied
insidiae, -arum, F. pl.
plot, snare, trap; ambush
insidiator, -oris, M.
spy, assassin, one who lies in wait
insidior, insidiari, insidiatus sum
(+dat.) lie in wait for, plot against
insidiosus, -a, -um
deceitful, treacherous, dangerous
insigne, -is, N.
mark, indication, proof, sign, token
insimulo, insimulare
to charge, accuse
insolenter
immoderately, haughtily, insolently
insolentius
more insolently
insperatus, -a, -um
unhoped for, unexpected
instituo, instituere, institui, institutum
to intend, decide; to begin
insto, instare, institi, instaturus
to draw near, approach, be at hand
instrumentum, -i, N.
implements, tools, instruments
instruo, instruere, instruxi, instructum
to arrange, set in order, marshal
integer, integra, integrum
intact, untouched, whole; open, undecided
intellego, intellegere, intellexi, intellectum
to understand, perceive, think
intendo, intendere, intendi, intentum
to plan, intend; to aim
inter
(prep.+acc.) between, among
intercedo, intercedere, intercessi, intercessum
to intervene, come between
interea
meanwhile, in the meantime
intereo, interire, interii, intertium
to die, perish
interficio, interficere, interfeci, interfectum
to kill, slay
interim
meanwhile
interimo, interimere, interemi, interemptum
to destroy, kill, slay
interitus, -us, M.
destruction, overthrow, ruin, annihilation
internicio, -onis, F.
massacre, slaughter, carnage, destruction
interrogo, interrogare
to ask, enquire
intersum, interesse, interfui, interfuturum
1) to be between, lie between; 2) to differ, be different; 3) (impersonal) it is of interest, it concerns
interventus, -us, M.
coming in, intervention
intestinus, -a, -um
internal; civil
intimus, -a, -um
intimate, close to
intra
(prep.+acc.) within, inside
introduco, introducere, introduxi, introductum
to lead in, being in
intueor, intueri, intuitus sum
to look upon, gaze at
intus
on the inside, within
inuro, inurere, inussi, inustum
(+dat.) to burn into, brand into
invenio, invenire, inveni, inventum
to find, discover, devise, invent
investigo, investigare
to find out, discover, devise, investigate
inveterasco, inveterascere, inveteravi, ---
to grow old, become established, be rooted
invictus, -a, -um
unconquered, invincible
invidia, -ae, F.
1)ill-will, prejudice, hatred, unpopularity; 2) envy, jealousy
invidiosus, -a, -um
arousing hatred, causing hatred
invidus, -i, M.
envious person, hater
invito, invitare
1) to invite, treat, feast, entertain; 2) to ask, request
invitus, -a, -um
unwilling
ipse, ipsa, ipsum
self
is, ea, id (demonstrative pron. and adj.)
this, that; such, of such a kind
iste, ista, istud
1) (demonstr. adj) this, that, such, of such a kind; 2) (demonstr. pron.) he, she, it
ita
thus, in this way, in such a way
Italia, -ae, F.
Italy
itaque
and so, and thus
item
likewise, also, in the same way
iter, itineris, N.
path, route
iterum
again, a second time
iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussum
to order, command, desire, entreat, propose, wish
iucundus, -a, -um
pleasant, agreeable, delightful, pleasing
iudicium, -i, N.
judgement, decision, lawsuit, trial, court, tribunal
iudico, iudicare
to judge, form an opinion
iugulum, -i, N.
throat
iungo, iungere, iunxi, iunctum
to join together
iure
by right, with justice, justly, deservedly
ius, iuris, N.
right, justice, law
iussu, M.
order, command, decree
iustior, -ius,
more just, more right, fairer
iustus, -a, -um
just, right, fair, righteous, honorable
iuventus, -utis, F.
1) period of youth, youth; 2) a young man
Kalendae, -arum, F. pl.
Kalends, first day of the month
labefacio, labefacere, labefeci, labefactum
to weaken, cause to shake
labefacto, labefactare
to cause to totter, undermine, weaken
labor -oris, M.
1) labor, work, effort, exertion; 2) hardship, trouble, pain
lacesso, lacessere, lacessivi, lacessitum
to challenge, provoke
lacrima, -ae, F.
joy, exultation, gladness, happiness, pleasure
lacto, lactare
to take milk, suck milk
laedo, laedere, laesi, laesum
to hurt, wound, injure, damage
laetitia, -ae, F.
joy, exultation, gladness, happiness, pleasure
laetor, laetari, laetatus sum
to rejoice, be glad
lamentatio, -onis, F.
wailing, grief, lamentation
laetor, laetari, laetatus sum
to rejoice, be glad
lamentatio, -onis, F.
wailing, grief, lamentation
lamentor, lamentari, lamentatus sum
to lament, bewail
lamentor, lamentari, lamentatus sum
to lament, bewail
languidus, -a, -um
weak, sluggish, dull, languid
languidus, -a, -um
weak, sluggish, dull, languid
largitio, -onis, F.
giving freely, generosity, granting
largitio, -onis, F.
giving freely, generosity, granting
largitor, -oris, M.
lavish giver, spendthrift
late
widely
lateo, latere, latui, ---
to lie hidden
latius
more widely
lator, -oris, M.
one who proposes a law, proposer
latro, -onis, M.
robber, thief
latrocinium, -i, N.
1) robbery, piracy, brigandage; 2) band of robbers
latrocinor, latrocinari, latrocinatus sum
to be a robber, practice robbery
latus, -eris, N.
side, flank; body
laudo, laudare
to praise, give praise to
laus, laudis, F.
praise
lectissimus, -a, -um
most distinguished
lectulus, -i, M.
couch, bed
lectus, -a, -um
distinguished
lectus, -i, M.
couch, bed, sofa
legatus, -i, M.
ambassador, legate
legio, -onis, F.
legion
lego, legere, legi, lectum
to read
lenio, lenire, lenivi, lenitum
to soften, to soothe, relieve
lenior, -ius
milder, more gentle
lenis, -e
mild, gentle, lenient, merciful
lenissimus, -a, -um
mildest, gentlest
lenitas, -atis, F.
1) softness, gentleness, mildness; 2) clemency, mercy, leniency
leno, -onis, M.
agent; pimp, procurer
lentus, -a, -um
slow, sluggish
lepidus, -a, -um
delicate, effeminate
levior, -ius
lighter
levis, -e
1) light, not heavy; 2) of character, light-minded, capricious, fickle, untrustworthy
levitas, -atis, F.
lightness, fickleness; shallowness, superficiality
levo, levare,
to lift, lighten, relieve, mitigate, ease, lessen
lex, legis, F.
law
libenter
gladly, willingly, cheerfully, with pleasure
liberi, -orum, M. pl.
children
libero, liberare
(+abl.) to be free from, liberate, free
libertas, -atis, F.
freedom, liberty
libertinus, -i, M.
a freedman or ex-slave
libertinus, -a, -um
pertaining to a freedman or ex-slave
liberus, -a, -um
free
libet
it is pleasing to (dat.) to do (inf.), it is agreeable to, it is desirable
libido, -inis, F.
passion, lust, license; desire, longing
licet, licere, licuit
it is possible, it is permitted
linum, -i, N.
linen, linen thread
liquefacio, liquefacere, liquefeci, liquefactum
to melt
litterae, -arum, F. pl.
letter, literature, history
loco, locare
1) to determine, fix, establish; 2) assign a contract
locuples, -etis
rich, wealthy, opulent; responsible, trustworthy
locupletior, -ius
richer, wealthier
locus, -i, M.
1) place, spot; 2) occasion, fitting time
longe
a long way off, far
longinquus, -a, -um
distant, remote
loquor, loqui, locutus sum
speak, say, mention
luctus, -us, M.
sorrow, grief, affliction
ludus, -i, M.
game, spectacle, show; school
lugeo, lugere, luxi, luctum
to grieve, mourn
lupinus, -a, -um
of a wolf
lux, lucis, F.
light, brightness; day
luxuria, -ae, F.
rankness, luxuriance, extravagance
machinator, -oris, M.
contriver, designer, engineer, architect
machinor, machinari, machinatus sum
to devise, plan
macto, mactare
to punish, afflict
maeror, -oris, M.
grief, sadness, sorrow
magis
more
magistratus, -us, M.
magistrate, public official
magnifice
nobly, generously, richly
magnitudo, -tudinis, F.
size, large, great extent, magnitude, greatness, importance, gravity
magnus, -a, -um
large, great
maior, maius
greater
male
badly, scarcely, not at all
maleficium, -i, N.
an evil deed, wickedness, offense, crime
malleolus, -i, M.
an incendiary missile
malo, malle, malui, ---
to choose rather, prefer
malum, -i, N.
evil, misfortune, calamity, mischief
mandatum, -i, N.
command, order, instruction
mando, mandare
to hand (acc.) over to (dat.), sentence, entrust, commit
mane
early in the morning
maneo, manere, mansi, mansum
to remain
manicatus, -a, -um
having long sleeves
manifesto
openly, clearly, evidently, manifestly
manifestus, -a, -um
clear, plain, obvious, evident, manifest
mano, manare
to drip, trickle, flow, spread, extend
manus, -us, F.
1) hand; 2) handwriting; 3) band of men
mare, -is, N.
sea
maritus, -i, M.
husband
mater, -tris, F.
mother
matuor, matuari, matuatus sum
to hasten
mature
1) early, soon; 2) at the proper time
maturitas, -atis, F.
ripeness, maturity
maturius
earlier, sooner
maxime
in the highest decree, most exceedingly
maximus, -a, -um
greatest, largest
medicina, -ae, F.
medicine, remedy, relief
mediocris, -e
moderate; limited, existing, within bounds or limits
mediocriter
moderately, slightly
meditor, meditari, meditatus sum
to consider, give attention to; to practice
medius, -a, -um
middle
melior, -ius
better
memini, -isse
to remember
memor, -oris, (adj.+gen.)
mindful, aware, remembering, heedful
memoria, -ae, F.
memory, remembrance
mendicitas, -atis, F.
beggary, poverty, destitution
mens, mentis, F.
1) mind, thought, plan, purpose, opinion; 2) mind, feeling, heart, soul
mereor, mereri, meritus sum
to deserve, merit, be entitled to
merito
deservedly, justly
meritum, -i, N.
merit, service, kindness, benefit, favor
-met
(enclitic pronoun) self
metuo, metuere, metui
to fear
metus, -us, M.
fear, anxiety, dread
meus, -a, -um
my
mihi
(personal pronoun + dat.) to me
miles, -itis, M.
soldier
militaris, -e
pertaining to a soldier, military
minae, -arum, F. pl.
threats
minime
least of all
minimus, -a, -um
smallest, least
minitor, minitari, minitatus sum
(+dat. of person) threaten
minor, minus
less
minuo, minere, minui, minutum
to make small, lessen, diminish
minus
less
misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtum
to mix, circulate; concoct, prepare
miser, -a, -um
miserable, wretched, pitiable
miseria, -ae, F.
misery, distress, misfortune
misericordia, -ae, F.
pity, compassion, sympathy, mercy
misericors, -cordis
merciful, compassionate; sympathetic
miseror, miserari, miseratus sum
to pity, feel compassion
miserrimus
most miserable, most wretched
mitior, -ius
milder, gentler
mitis, -e
mild, gentle, considerate
mitissimus, -a, -um
mildest, gentlest
mitto, mittere, misi, missum
to send
mixtus, -a, -um
mixed, varied, motley
modo
only, merely
modus, -i, N.
way, manner, mode, measure; type, sort, kind
moenia, -ium, N. pl.
city walls, defensive walls
moles, -is, F.
1) a massive structure, weight, burden; 2) difficulty, labor, toil
molior, moliri, molitus sum
1) to undertake, to build; 2) to plot, contrive; 3) to set in motion, try, attempt
mollis, -e
soft, gentle, mild
moneo, monere, monui, monitum
to advise, warn
monstrum, -i, N.
repulsive character, monster, abomination
monumentum, -i, N.
memorial, monument, statue, memorial statue
mora, -ae, F.
delay
morbus, -i, M.
sickness, disease, illness
morior, mori, mortuus sum
to die
mors, mortis, F.
death
mortuus, -a, -um
dead
mos, moris, M.
custom, usage, practice, habit
motus, -us, M.
1) movement, motion; 2) disturbance, political uprising
moveo, movere, movi, motum
to move, stir; to concern, trouble, disturb, influence
mucro, mucronis, M.
sword, the point of a sword
mulier, -eris, F.
woman
muliercula, -ae, F.
little woman, mistress
multitudo, -inis, F.
great number, multitude, crowd, throng; the common people
multo, multare
to punish
multus, -a, -um
much, many
municeps, -cipis, M.
citizen of a municipium (free town), townsman, fellow citizen
municipium, -i, N.
town
munio, munire, munivi, munitum
to fortify, defend
munitus, -a, -um
defended, fortified
murus, -i, M.
wall, city wall
muto, mutare
to change
mutus, -a, -um
mute, unspeaking, unable to speak, still, silent
barbarus, -i, M
barbarian, native
bellum, -i, N
war
brevitas, -atis, F
shortness; small stature
cadaver, -eris, n
corpse, dead body
cado, cadere, cecidi, casum
fall, die
calamitas, -atis, F
disaster
calo, calonis, M
camp-follower, officer's servant
captivu, -i, M
prisoner
caput, capitis, N.
head; (pl) people, persons
castellum, -i, N
fort, redoubt
castra, -orum, N. pl.
a camp
casus, -us M.
fate, chance, extremity
causa, -ae, F
reason, cause
cedo, cedere, cessi, cessum
give ground, retreat
celeritas, -atis, F
speed, swiftness
celeriter, celerius, celerrime
quickly
celo, celare
hide, conceal
centum
a hundred
centurio, -onis, M
centurion
certus, -a, -um
sure, certain, fixed, regular
ceteri, -ae, -a, pl.
the rest, the other
circiter
about
circuitas, -us, M
way around, circumference
circumicio, circumicere
surround, place around
circumunio, circumunire
surround, hem in
circumvenio, circumvenire
surround
cis
(prep+acc) on this side of
citra
(prep+acc) on this side of
citerior, -ius,
nearer, hither
civitas, -atis, F
tribe, community, state
clamor, -oris, M
shout, shouting, din
claudo, claudere
shut, close
clementia, -ae, F
mercy, forbearance
coacervo, coacervare
heap up, pile up
coepi, coepisse
began
cognosco, cognoscere
learn, discover, find out
cogo, cogere
collect, compel
cohors, cohortis, F
cohort
cohortatio, -onis, F
speech of exhortation, encouragement
coicio, coicere
hurl, throw, place
colligo, colligere
collect, send away together
collis, -is, M
hill
colloco, collocare
place, station
commeatus, -us, M
supplies, food
commemoro, commemorare
mention, relate
committo, commitere
entrust
commode
(adv) well, conveniently
commoveo, commovere
rouse, alarm, disturb
communis, -e
common, general
commutatio, -onis, F
change
comparo, comparare
prepare, provide
compello, compellere
drive, force back
compleo, complere
fill
complures, -plura
several
concido, concidere
cut down, destroy
concilium, -i, N
assemble, council
concurro, councurrere
run together, rush
condicio, -onis, F
terms, conditions
conduco, conducere
collect; recruit, hire
confectus, -a, -um
worn out, exhaused, disabled
confero, conferre, contuli, collatum
bring together, convey
confertus, -a, -um
closely packed, dense
conficio, conficere
finish, accomplish; supply, muster, raise; disable
confido, confidere
trust, believe
confirmo, comfirmare
confirm, encourage; declare
confligo, confligere
fight
congredior, congredere
meet, fight
coniungo, coniungere
join
coniuro, conurare
conspire, form a conspiracy
conor, conari, conatus
try
consanguineus, -a, -um
related by blood; (M. pl) relations, kinsfolk
conscribo, conscribere
levy, enroll, raise
consesnsus, -us, M
agreement, consent
consentio, consentire
agre, combine
consequor, consequi
pursue, obtain, achieve
conservo, conservare
keep, spare, protect
considio, considere
encamp, settle, take up position
consilium, -i, N
advice, plan
consimilis, -e
very like
consisto, consistere
halt, stand, take up position; rest, depend on
conspectus, -us, M
sight
conspicio, conspicere
observe, see
conspicior, conspicari
see, observe
constanter
(adv) unanimously
consitituo, constituere
determine, decide; draw up; build, construct
consuesco, conscuescere
become accustomed
consuetudo, -tudinins, F
habit, custom
contemptus, -us, M
scorn, contempt.
contendo, contendere
hasten, fight, march
contineo, continere
keep, restrain
contra
(prep+acc) against
contrarius, -a, -um
opposite, facing
contumelia, -ae, F
insult, abuse, ill-treatment
convenio, convenire
come together, assemble; be agreed upon
converto, convertere
turrn
convoco, convocare
summon, assemble
copia, -ae, F
plenty; (pl) forces, troops; supplies
cornu, -us, N
horn; wing (of an army)
corpus, corporis, N
body, corpse
cortex, -ticis, M
bark (of a tree)
cotidie
(adv) every day, daily
creber, -bra, -brum
frequent, numerous
credo, credere
(+dat) trust, believe
cruciatus, -um, M
torture
cum
(prep+abl) with, together with
cunctus, -a, -um
all
cupio, cupere
desire
cursus, -us, M
running, speeed
custodia, -ae, F
guard
de
(prep+abl) from, about, concerning
debeo, debere
owe, ought
decem
ten
decerno, decernere
decree
decerto, decertare
fight it out
decimus, -a, -um
tenth
declivis, -e
sloping downwards
decurro, decurrere
run down
dediticius, -a, -um
having surrendered; (m pl) surrendered subjects
dedo, dedere
surrender
deduco, deducere
lead down, bring, withdraw
defendo, defendere
defend; defend oneself against, ward off
defendio, -onis, F
defense
defensor, -oris, F
defender
defero, -ferre
confer, hand over
deficio, deficere
fail
deiectus, -us, M
slope
deinde
(adv) then, next
deicio, deicere
throw down, dislodge
deleo, delere
destroy, wipe out
deligo, deligere
choose