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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the leading cause of death from disease in children?
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Cancer, 10% of all deaths.
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What is the most common cancer in childhood?
What is the survival 10yr post Dx for the total pop of childhood cancer? |
Acute leukemia
ALL:AML = 4:1 ~82% |
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What is the purpose of the children oncology group?
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a pool of patients/samples that can provide research material for many different studies.
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What are some major lessons we've learned about ALL? (6)
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Delayed intensification
Cranial Irradiation eliminated, almost Rapidity of bone marrow response Dexamethasone improved outcome - But not without toxicity Cytogenetics Prognostic features change with therapy |
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Dexamethasone, the way it was initially used, raises risk of....
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AVN - avascular necrosis
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ALL is more common in which ethnicity? Male of F? T or B cell?
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White, Males, T-cell is more likely to have these predispositions
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We have to monitor the first few days of treatment of kids with ALL very closely why?
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Because the cells will lyse very quickly, and kidneys can become overloaded w/ breakdown products v. quickly.
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Are peripheral blasts synonymous with leukemia in kids?
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No.
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(T/F) Most kids w/ ALL are diploid or hyperdiploid.
Hyperdip is good or bad? What do we mean by hyperdip? Hypodip? Triple Trisomy - 4, 10, 17 - carries a good prog? TEL-AML? |
True.
Good. >50 chromosomes (in general) Bad. Good. Good. |
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Risk group factors for ALL are WBC lvls and Age. Define them.
Which has a worse prog, T or B? |
< 50,000 good
1-9yo, good T. |
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What is the cure rate of AML?
What are some risk factors for it? What age range does it peak in? |
50% survival.
Down, Fanconi, Bloom, MDS, etc. ~55yo |
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Which classes of agents make more kids likely to develop cancer down the road?
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Alkylating agentsm Epipodophyllotoxins
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Is down syndrome a bad or good prog factor in AML?
WBC? 2ndary diz? |
Good, 90% survival with less therapy.
higher = worse secondary = bad. |
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In all kids / adults with cancer, what is the big emergency we have to treat fast?
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Fever/Infection/neutropenia
- ANC <500 |
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Which is easier to get into remission, AML or ALL?
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ALL.
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Does supportive care improve survival during/post chemo?
Do we lose a lot of kids to infection during AML chemo treatment? |
yes.
yes, up to 10% |
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Is Wilm's Tumor curable?
What is it? Sx? |
Yes, incredibly.
most common kidney tumor in kids. Abdominal mass Hematuria Hemihypertrophy **Aniridia** - black eyes? |
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What childhood cancer can present with:
Abdominal mass Abdominal pain Bone pain/FTT Diarrhea **Black eyes Fevers Congenital presentation **elevated urinary catecholamines |
Neuroblastoma
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Neuroblastoma is a disease of...
Under 1yo, how do the kids do? |
...the sympathetic nervous system.
V. well, they can resolve w/o any treatment. |
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Rhabdomyosarcoma is....
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... a muscle derived tumor.
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Which childhood cancer can present with symptomatic bone pain, awakening them from sleep?
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Bone tumors:
- Osteogenic Saracoma - Ewing's Sarcoma |
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Ends of long bones
Older, growth spurt Tx: Methotrexate (HD), Cisplat, Adria Surgery tx. is very important in this diz. - which bone cancer does this characterize? |
Osteogenic Sarcoma.
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Where does Ewing's sarcoma tend to occur?
Does it present older or younger than Osteogenic sarcoma? |
Mid shaft long bones, flat bones
Younger. Osteogenic Sarc likes to show up in growth spurts. |
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Headache
Nausea/vomiting – esp AM Papilledema Ataxia Unilateral weakness **Head tilt **Strabismus - can evidence what class of childhood tumor? |
brain tumors.
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Why is Xrt so difficult to decide to use in childhood brain cancer?
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can cause developmental issues.
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What is the most common brain tumor in kids?
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low grade glioma
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Lymphadenopathy
Fever Night sweats Weight loss Superior vena cava syndrome - could be signs of what? |
Lymphoma.
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Hodgkin's vs NHL in kids... which has a better prog? Which has a smaller role of Xrt tx?
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Hodgkins.
NHL. |
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Are late effects an issue in treating ped cancer?
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yes, can have a huge effect. infertility, pulmonary, cardiac, endocrine, .... pretty much everything.
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