O+M Practical 2

Front 1

Describe the Color Vision test?

Back 1

Cover each eye while looking at a red pen and check for red desaturation and dullness.

Front 2

One eye deficits in visual fields indicates what?

Back 2

Lower Motor Neuron lesions

Front 3

Where do lesions occur with visual field deficits for both eyes?

Back 3

Behind the optic chiasm, and is UMN

Front 4

In Visual Extinction HEMINEGLECT what side to patients not see fingers?

Back 4

In visual extinction hemineglect, patients do not see fingers on the AFFECTED side which is usually the LEFT side

Front 5

Visual HEMINEGLECT is usually caused by what and where?

Back 5

Caused by CONTRALATERAL parietal lesions, neglect is usually more robust in the right hemisphere lesions

Front 6

Smooth Pursuit and Saccades are associated with what nerves?

Back 6

CN 3, 4, and 6

Front 7

Describe the Smooth Pursuit drill

Back 7

Move a pen horizontally, vertically and then converge in front of the eyes. Then observe the eyes at rest and check for nystagmus, dysconjugate, and diplopia.

Front 8

What is being tested by the Visual tests?

Back 8

abnormalities in individual muscles or in cranial nerves from the brainstem to the orbit.

Front 9

What cause cause positive Visual tests?

Back 9

Spontaneous nystagmus can indicate metabolic condidtions, drugs, or peripheral or central vestibular dysfunction

Front 10

What CN controls Mastication?

Back 10

CN 5 Trigeminal

Front 11

Weakness of mastication muscles can be due to what?

Back 11

UMN lesions when synapsing onto CN5 motor nuceli, or in LMN trigeminal motor nuclei

Front 12

Describe the hearing test for CN8

Back 12

Place a tuning fork to either ear and check for air conduction sound vs placing the fork on the mastoid process for mechanical sound. The Weber test places the fork at the vertex of the skull at midline

Front 13

What do individual with normal hearing hear better? If hearing loss is conductive what will they hear better?

Back 13

Conduction is heard better for normal folks, conductive hearing loss will better hear mechanical bone placement sound.

Front 14

What is being tested by CN8?

Back 14

Unilateral hearing loss is invariably caused by peripheral neural or mechanical lesions

Front 15

What nerves control Articulation?

Back 15

5, 7, 9, 10, and 12

Front 16

What should be checked during Articulation tests?

Back 16

hoarse, slurred, quiet, nasal, low or high speech, and always check if it has CHANGED FROM BASELINE

Front 17

What is being tested during Articulation

Back 17

lesions in the motor cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and pathways to the brainstem. UMN

Front 18

Cn 11 tests what?

Back 18

SCM and Trapezius.

Front 19

What is being tested and can cause CN 11 positive sign?

Back 19

Testing for lesions in the muscles, NM junction, and LMN of CN 11. Contralateral weakness can be caused from unilateral UMN lesions

Front 20

Describe the tongue protrusion test

Back 20

Observe tongue at rest in mouth, stick out and move from side to side and force it against cheek.

Front 21

What is being tested for the tongue?

Back 21

Fasciculations (quivering), curling, or unilateral movements.

Fasciculations are LMN lesions.

Unilateral tongue weakness are LMN lesions or UMN lesions from the brain stem.

Front 22

What three sensory Asymmetry tests are being performed?

Back 22

Pin Prick, Joint Position, and 2 point discrimination

Front 23

Explain Graphesthesia and Sterognosis

Back 23

G: Draw a letter or number on the palm or finger

S: Close eyes and identify various object with one hand

Front 24

What is being tested in G and S?

Back 24

Somatosensory deficits can be caused by lesions in the PERIPHERAL NERVES

Front 25

If Primary sensation is intact but G and S are deficient where would lesions be present?

Back 25

Lesions are present in the contralateral sensory cortex, UMN

Front 26

Describe the DTR Scale

Back 26

0 absent relfex

1+ trace reflex

2+ normal

3+ Brisk reflex

4+ Non-sustained clonus

5+ sustained clonus

Front 27

What is being tested in DTR?

Back 27

Abnormally increased reflexes (hyperreflexia) is indicative of UMN lesions

Front 28

Match the muscle for DTR to the spinal root level

Back 28

Biceps C5/6

BRAD C6

Triceps C7

Patellar L4

Achilles S1

Front 29

Babinski's sign is associated with what and where?

Back 29

UMN along the corticospinal tract

Front 30

Tennis elbow tests should place hands where and cause stress to what muscle if positive?

Back 30

3rd digit dorsal side and proximal to the wrist. Extensor Digitorum muscle will present if positive

Front 31

Describe Berg Balance from 9-14

Back 31

9 Pick up shoe

10 Check blindspot

11 360 turn both ways

12 Alternate stool stepping

13 Tandem stance

14 Single leg standing

Front 32

What are the scores for Berg balance?

Back 32

0-20 WC

21-40 AD with walking

41-56 Normal function

Front 33

What two methods are used to measure peripheral edema?

Back 33

Digital pressure x 5" for Soft Pitting

Measurement for Non-Pitting

Front 34

Describe the Edema Scale by depth and time

Back 34

1+ No shape change, <1/4" disappears IMD

2+ Pitting 1/4-1/2" for 10-15"

3+ Pitting 1/2- 1" for 1-2'

4+ Pitting >1" for 2-5'

Front 35

Where is the calf girth measurement taken?

Back 35

At the largest circumference

Front 36

Where is upper thigh girth taken?

Back 36

Halfway from the ASIS to the superior patellar border

Front 37

Where is upper arm girth taken?

Back 37

Halfway from olecranon to acromion

Front 38

Where is forearm girth taken, and how is the hand positioned?

Back 38

Maximum circumference while the elbow is extended and forearm supinated

Front 39

Where is the chest girth taken?

Back 39

At the fourth sternocostal joint while subject breaths normally and takes a slight pause for measurement

Front 40

Where is abdominal girth taken?

Back 40

Laterally halfway between lowest rib and iliac crest.

Anteriorly halfway from xiphoid to umbilicus

Front 41

Where is hip girth taken?

Back 41

Anteriorly at the pubis symphysis

Posteriorly at the largest gluteal circumference

Front 42

Where does Fibure 8 hand measurement start?

Back 42

Distal to the Radial styloid process wrapping around the palmar wrist to the 2nd MC head

Front 43

Where does the Fibure 8 foot measurement start?

Back 43

Halfway from the Anterior Tib tendon to the LATERAL malleolus moving across the navicular head and around the base of MC 5

Front 44

Explain the Weber-Barstow test

Back 44

Fingers on medial malleoli, slight traction, hips and knees flexed, PATIENT BRIDGES, then returns to normal and check for asymmetry

Front 45

Where does True Length measure from?

Back 45

ASIS to medial malleolus

Front 46

Positive sign for True Length is what?

Back 46

>1/4" by three measures

Front 47

Where does Apparent Length measure from?

Back 47

xiphoid or umbilicus to medial malleolus