Nycc Extremities Radiology Midterm

Front 1

purpose of standard/basic projections is to provide the most ____________ possible with the minimal number of radiographs and thus expose the patient to __________ radiation.

Back 1

visualizations, minimal (excess radiation will damage DNA)

Front 2

Will plain film warrant an advanced screening?

Back 2

no

Front 3

what is the physical reference for positioning terms in naming projections?

Back 3

anatomical position

Front 4

At least _____ radiographs obtained at ________________ are necessary.

Back 4

2, right angles

Front 5

What are the 2 radiographs taken at right angles, necessary to provide adequate information about the dimensions of a structure?

Back 5

AP and Lateral

Front 6

What are the most common projections?

Back 6

AP or PA . Lateral . Oblique

Front 7

wrist projections

Back 7

P-A hand, Oblique (fingers curled slightly), Lateral hand (on side)

Front 8

"The distal aspect [of the fracture] is more posterior than proximal aspect," is an example of

Back 8

how to explain the location of a fracture based on distance and displacement

Front 9

a fracture with more than 2 pieces

Back 9

comminuted

Front 10

It is customary to place radiographs on the view box as if the patient were?

Back 10

facing the individual viewing the r.g.

Front 11

x-table

Back 11

cross table - ie, intrarticular fracture through tibal plateau with fatty marrow going into bursa so put in cross table position

Front 12

2 marker minimum on every xray:

Back 12

patient id + anatomical side markers

Front 13

other markers besides minimum patient id and antomical side:

Back 13

radiographer's initials, INT (internal) or EXT (external) rotation, WB (weight bearing) or NON-WB

Front 14

The Mitchell Marker includes tiny balls in the R or L marker. What do the balls tell you?

Back 14

Whether patient was standing or lying down. Balls drop if standing (hahaha)

Front 15

Why will an image be distorted if patient too close to xray tube?

Back 15

magnification

Front 16

If patient is too far from x-ray tube?

Back 16

objects in film show up larger than the points closer to it (distortion)

Front 17

A.B.C.S. of reading an x-ray

Back 17

Alignment, Bone, Cartilage, Soft tissue

Front 18

which of the ABC'S details joint space width -epiphyseal plates

Back 18

Cartilage

Front 19

size, shape, density, intact cortices, traebecular pattern, angled, # of fractures are all detailed in which ABCS?

Back 19

Bone

Front 20

Wolff's Law

Back 20

lay down more bone

Front 21

shoulder projections

Back 21

internal rotation, external rotation, Grashey's projection

Front 22

fracture of clavicle

Back 22

<10 fracture clavicle

Front 23

what is most common fracture for ages 15-40

Back 23

AC subluxation and GH dislocation

Front 24

on external rotation projection of shoulder, what can you see?

Back 24

greater tubercle sticks outside

Front 25

shoulder measurements

Back 25

Between 2-4am I go into a 7-11 with my 4-5.mm to talk to a 60 year old man and a 62 year old woman who have grandchildren between the ages of 11-13.

Front 26

acromio-clavicular joint space meas.

Back 26

2-4mmm

Front 27

acromiohumeral joint space meas.

Back 27

7-11mm

Front 28

glenohumeral joint space meas.

Back 28

4-5mm

Front 29

male humeral axial line
and
female humeral axial line

Back 29

60 degrees male
62 degrees female

Front 30

coracoclavicular joint space meas.

Back 30

11-13mm

Front 31

elbow projections 3

Back 31

AP elbow, Lateral/EXTERNAL Oblique, Lateral

Front 32

humeral angle of elbow

Back 32

72-95 degrees

Front 33

Hume married Ulna in '72. He died in '95. She died in '99.

Back 33

Humeral angle 72-95
Ulnar angle 72-99

Front 34

Ulnar angle

Back 34

72-99 degrees

Front 35

Carrying Angle of elbow

Back 35

154-178 degrees

Front 36

that purse costs between

Back 36

$154-178 (carrying angle)

Front 37

On which elbow view are the proximal radius and ulna separated?

Back 37

External Oblique elbow

Front 38

what line shows a dislocation of radius?

Back 38

Radio-Capitellar line

Front 39

what line shows a supracondylar fracture of the humerus?

Back 39

Anterior humeral line (through middle 1/3 of capitellum)

Front 40

most common elbow injury in adults?

Back 40

Radial head or neck fracture. Look at capsular fat pad - when there is intrarticular swelling, the anterior fat pad and posterior fat pad will both move forward.

Front 41

children elbow fracture

Back 41

supracondylar (anterior humeral line) fracture transverse or oblique

Front 42

in a child, a humeral fracture does what?

Back 42

distal portion breaks off and goes posterior so the anterior humeral line will be abnormal

Front 43

DFD

Back 43

Deformities, Fractures, Dislocations

Front 44

tangential view of elbow is

Back 44

from behind (picture of cystic luceny of capitulum for OCD or AVN)

Front 45

on MRI, a transverse cut is called an ____________ view.

Back 45

AXIAL

Front 46

name the MRI views

Back 46

Axial, Sagittal, Sagittal Oblique, Coronal, Coronal Oblique

Front 47

the relationship of the length of the ulna to the radius

Back 47

Ulnar variance

Front 48

Normally, the articular surfaces of the ulna and radius at the area of the lunate are on the same level. This is called? Measurement? How to draw?

Back 48

NEUTRAL ulnar variance
9.0 - 12.0 mm space/distance:
draw bottom on articular surfaces of both u and r, the top across styloid level of radius

Front 49

the ulna is shorter than the radius - called? measurement? how to draw?

Back 49

NEGATIVE ulnar variance - ulna low.
> 12.0mm
bottom line is along ulnar articular surface, top line is radial styloid process. space more than 12.0mm

Front 50

the ulna is longer than the radius - called? measured? draw how?

Back 50

PoSiTiVo ulnar variance - ulna high (+)
< 9.0mm space
top line along ulnar articular surface, bottom line at level of radial styloid process. Space less than 9.0mm

Front 51

Standard Wrist projections

Back 51

P-A wrist (physician's assistant)
Lateral wrist
Medial/INTERNAL Oblique wrist

Front 52

what does the Medial/Internal Oblique wrist shot look like?

Back 52

a hand reaching for something

Front 53

bones of wrist and articulating bones

Back 53

1-5 metacarpals, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium, triquetrum, pisiform, lunate, scaphoid (navicular), ulna, radius and landmark of hook of hamate (hamulus)

Front 54

Hand standard projects

Back 54

same as wrist:
P-A hand (physician's assistant)
Lateral hand
Medial/Internal Oblique hand

Front 55

In order to project a Lateral elbow, how must you position the patient?

Back 55

thumb up to align radius, flexing elbow to 90 deg.

Front 56

In an A-P elbow, the radius and ulna overlap. What wrist position would allow this, ergo what is the other name for an A-P elbow projection?

Back 56

Internal rotation elbow is same as A-P because when wrist pronated, radius and ulna overlap so this appears on the x-ray, too.

Front 57

What conditions would alter the normal measurement of the anterior humeral line of the elbow?

Back 57

Anterior humeral line assesses supracondylar fracture, so that and interarticular swelling would be evident (displaced bursae)

Front 58

most common location for an elbow fracture in a child?

Back 58

supracondylar fracture transverse or oblique

Front 59

what is the normal measurement (placement) for the anterior humeral line?

Back 59

middle 1/3 of capitulum (capitellum)

Front 60

P-A wrist requires the fist be

Back 60

loose

Front 61

Carpal angle :
measurement? drawn?

Back 61

110-150 degrees. Draw one line along ulnar border of lunate and triquetrum. Other line along scaphoid and lunate borders. Lines cross in radius. Measure bottom angle of X

Front 62

carpal angle

Back 62

110-150 degrees

Front 63

3 lines (ar+cs) of carpal alignment

Back 63

line under hamate+capitate, line above triquetral, lunate and scaphoid, and line below these last 3, too. Used when looking for Dislocation!

Front 64

to look for dislocation of the carpals, draw

Back 64

3 arcs

Front 65

If you draw a line straight through the distal radius longways, then a line from styloid to styloid, what are you drawing?

Back 65

Radio=Ulnar Angle
72-95 degrees
measure bottom of X facing ulna

Front 66

Radio=Ulnar angle is same as Humeral angle of elbow

Back 66

Hume married Ulna in '72, He died in '95, the year Radio=U opened.

Front 67

If you draw a line through the midshaft of the radius and another through its articular surface, you are measuring?

Back 67

radius angle on a lateral wrist (radius pops up nicely in this projection) for 79-94 degrees.

Front 68

3 hand projections

Back 68

P-A hand, Lateral hand, Medial/Internal Oblique hand

Front 69

what is the minimal number of plain film radiographic projections for the initial assessment of a single digit?

Back 69

3

Front 70

what conditions may alter the normal contour/density of carpals?

Back 70

osteoarthritis, break, crush

Front 71

Which radiographic position optimally visualizes the joints of the hand?

Back 71

P-A hand

Front 72

line drawn from the ulnar surface of the 5th and 4th metacarpal head to locate fracture or Turner's syndrome

Back 72

Metacarpal sign: Normal is when ulnar side articular surface of 3rd metacarpal head should be located proximal to this or just abut the line.