Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
normal BP
|
< 120/80
|
|
|
BP stabilizing mechanisms
|
1) arterial baroreceptors
2) regulation of fluid volume 3) renin-angiotensin 4) vacular autoregulation |
|
|
meds causing hypertension
|
estrogen (birth control)
steroids cyclosporins erythropoeitin (Procrit, Epogen) |
|
|
Angiotensin is a powerful ...
|
vasoCONSTRICTOR
|
|
|
Classes of drugs for hypertension drug therapy
|
diuretics
calcium channel blockers ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitors ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers) Aldosterone receptor antagonists Beta-adrenergic blockers Central alpha antagonists Alpha-adrenergic antagonists |
|
|
Alpha-adrenergic receptors work to ...
|
cause vasoCONSTRICTION in peripheral vasculature when stimulated by norepinephrine
|
|
|
Beta-adrenergic receptors work to ...
|
cause vasoDILATION in blood vessels when activated by epinephrine
|
|
|
Types of diuretics
|
1) Thiazide (hydrochlorothiazide)
2) Loop (Lasix, Bumex) 3) Potassium-sparing (Aldactone) |
|
|
Thiazide
|
diuretic
prevents Na reabsorption in DCT eat foods high in K can cause hyperuricemia (gout) monitor K level periodically |
|
|
Loop diuretics
|
Lasix
Bumex |
|
|
Central alpha antagonists
|
Decrease sympathetic tone - produces vasoDILATION
Aldomet (methyldopa) Catapres (Clonidine) most common both cause sedation |
|
|
Aldomet
|
methyldopa
Central alpha antagonist SE: ortho hypo, fatigue, ED, Na & H2O retention, sedation |
|
|
Catapres
|
clonidine
Central alpha antagonist most common SE: ED, sedation, dry mouth, sleep disturbances May be given in patch (fewer SEs) |
|
|
Alpha-adrenergic blockers
|
block alpha-adreneric effects and so cause vasoDILATION
end in "zosin" (remember alpha/A to Z/zosin) Cardura (doxazosin) Minipres (Prazosin) Hytrin (terazosin) SE: ortho hypo, syncope w/1st dose, Na & H2O retention |
|
|
Cardura
|
dozazosin
Alpha-adrenergic blocker |
|
|
Minipres
|
Prazosin
Alpha-adrenergic blocker |
|
|
Hytrin
|
terazosin
Alpha-adrenergic blocker |
|
|
Watch out for this with alpha-adrenergic blockers
|
syncope with 1st dose
ortho hypo |
|
|
Beta-adrenergic blockers
|
decrease CO and reduce sympathetic tone
DOC for pts. w/ischemic heart disease, unstable angina, MI two types: cardio-selective and non-cardio-selective end in "lol" (remember: BETTY with sunBLOCK LOLling on the beach) atenolol, metoprolol, nadolol SE: bronchospasm, nightmares, depression, ED, may exacerbate HF |
|
|
Atenolol
|
Beta-blocker
|
|
|
Metoprolol
|
Beta-blocker
|
|
|
Nadolol
|
Beta-blocker
|
|
|
Calcium channel blockers
|
block movement of extracellular Ca into cells, causing vasoDILATION
Norvasc (amlodipine), Isoptin (verapamil), Caridizem (diltiazem) SE: bradycardia, dizziness, peripheral edema, gingival hyperplasia, constipation, headache, dry cough avoid grapefruit juice, high-fat meals, limit caffeine |
|
|
Norvasc
|
amlodipine
Calcium channel blocker |
|
|
amlodipine
|
Norvasc
Calcium channel blocker |
|
|
Isoptin
|
verapamil
Calcium channel blocker |
|
|
verapamil
|
Isoptin
Calcium channel blocker |
|
|
Cardizem
|
diltiazem
Calcium channel blocker |
|
|
diltiazem
|
Cardizem
Calcium channel blocker |
|
|
ACE Inhibitors
|
inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme
end in "pril" (remember the month APRIL --> ACEPRIL) enalapril, captopril, lisinopril, ramipril SE: hyperkalemia, ortho hypo, angioedema, cough, acute renal failure avoid: oranges, bananas, salt substitutes |
|
|
enalapril
|
ACE inhibitor
|
|
|
captopril
|
ACE inihbitor
|
|
|
lisinopril
|
ACE inhibitor
|
|
|
ramipril
|
ACE inhibitor
|
|
|
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs)
|
prevent action of angio II
end in "sartan" (remember: pirate captain Sartan says "ARrrrrB") losartan (Cozaar), irbesartan (Avapro), valsartan (Diovan) SE: hyperkalemia, can cause hepatitis - monitor liver enzymes |
|
|
losartan
|
Cozaar
ARB |
|
|
Cozaar
|
losartan
ARB |
|
|
irbesartan
|
Avapro
ARB |
|
|
Avapro
|
irbesartan
ARB |
|
|
valsartan
|
Diovan
ARB |
|
|
loop diuretics
|
Lasix (furosemide)
Bumex (bumetanide) |
|
|
central alpha antagonists
|
Aldomet (methydopa)
Catapres (clonidine) |
|
|
alpha-adrenergic blockers
|
Cardura (doxazosin)
Minipres (Prazosin) Hytrin (terazosin) |
|
|
beta blockers
|
atenolol
metoprolol nadolol |
|
|
Calcium channel blockers
|
Norvasc (amlodipine)
Isoptin (verapamil) Cardizem (diltiazem) |
|
|
ACE Inhibitors
|
enalapril
captopril lisinopril ramipril |
|
|
ARBs
|
losartan (Cozaar)
irbesartan (Avapro) valsartan (Diovan) |
|
|
MAWDS
|
for CHF Management
Medications - take as prescribed Activity - stay as active as possible while limiting symptoms Weight - daily; call MD if 2lb weight gain overnight Diet - fluid restrictions, low sodium Symptoms - report: dyspnea at rest, wheezes, weight gain, periph. edema |
|
|
CMS Assessment
|
Circulation
Movement Sensation - use 6 P's |
|
|
6 P's
|
pain
pallor pulselessness paresthesia paralysis poikilothermia |
|
|
Virchow's triad
|
1) venous stasis
2) endothelial damage 3) hypercoagulability (assessing for venous thrombosis) |
|
|
Potassium-sparing diuretic
|
spironolactone (Aldactone)
do not give w/ ACEIs or K suppls |
