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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two ways wealth is created
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Trade:getting rid of surplus that has no value to you, and trading for stuff that has no value to them.
Productivity: less labor to make more goods -> less cost for items, pay workers more. |
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What were the Neolithic breakthroughs, and their results?
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1. Produced food (plants/animals) efficiently
2. Semi permanent and permanent settlements 3. Trade 4. Specialization of labor - ex. Pharaoh, potters, prostitutes, priests, philosophers lead to 5. Hierarchy/Stratification of Society 6. Rise of cities and civilizations |
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What are “coins”, and why are they an important invention?
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“Coins” are small, standardized amounts of a precious item for value or labor.
You can trade money for something you need or want (goods and services) instead of bartering. |
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The five great revolutions The Greeks gave us are: (EPICS)
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Economic - Creation of the first complex market economy. Extensive trade network. Free individuals were allowed to offer their products and labor freely.
Social - Allowed individuals to follow their own pursuits. slaves sustained aristocracy Political - Allowed all free adult males to represent republics. Democratic state Intellectual/Philosophical - Discovery of logic and reasoning - creating the first secular philosophy (Doesn’t have anything to do with religion). Cultural/Philosophical - The first social contract with freedom. |
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Briefly explain two ways geography differed between Egypt and Mesopotamia, and then the implications from them.
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Egypt
- Nile had predictable flooding: - life, nature and gods were all easy, and isolated from from invasion: no defense necessary , save $$, spent on pyramids and religious structures. - Ruler:Pharaoh, god on earth. Women had more opportunities. Mesopotamia - Tigris & Euphrates rivers: unpredictable flooding, and no natural geographical defense: walls, warriors, weapons. - life gods nature: unpredictable, messed with them. Ruler: had to be human, to bleed. Valued men and strength more than women. |
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How did geography affect the greeks?
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Greek geography:
-surrounded by water: protection -mountainous terrain Implications: 1.lived in isolation because of mts/peninsulas/islands a.hard to conquer/unify b.colonize rather than conquer c.could develop a democracy 2.Could grow grapes and olives, but farming sucked otherwise (used this to trade) 3.Access to the sea (trade/colonize) *thalassocrasy* is the name of a sea empire |
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What did the Hebrews not have, and how did that Geographical fact affect them?
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The Hebrews did not have a flooding river. This made farming difficult/little-to-non-existent, but had domesticated animals. This caused them to be nomadic and due to their lack of a location, created a portable culture. It was tied to an idea and they were able to spread out culturally more than any of the other civilizations
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explain the five parts of the Greek polis:
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1. Acropolis - top/highest point of the city (government building/temple)
2. Agora - marketplace/meeting area 3. city wall - created defense for the city and defined the city limits 4. Asti - residential area/small businesses 5. peripolis - estates on surrounding farmland |
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The attributes of Hammurabi's Code?
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1. a compilation of rulings and edicts. edicts were laws and rulings were based on individual court cases
2. worked on the principle of an eye for an eye i.e. the offense was equal to the punishment. however, this changed depending on the class of the victim 1. divided society 3. it was a comprehensive legal system. it included family/civil cases and consumer law 4. arbitrarily made up by Hammurabi himself |
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What was ma'at and how did it govern Egyptian behavior?
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Ma'at was the "The God of Right Behavior"
It governed behavior because it taught that that people didn't need the government to tell them what was right and wrong. It was a perceived sense of justice that should guide behavior. |
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What were the Mesopotamian rivers called?
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The Tigris and Euphrates
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Briefly explain the 3 advancements in governance The Persians gave us
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1. cultural tolerance after domination, which meant that instead of decimating a culture, they would allow it to continue as long as the conquered people recognized the Persian king and paid taxes
2. instated infrastructure from said taxes 3. divided the area into 20 provinces and put a local person in charge because they would be trusted |
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Briefly explain two ways democracy arose among the Greeks
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1. The hoplites/Militia: a set of civilians that acted as a military when necessary, since there wasn't the manpower or funds to have a standing army. they decided to blackmail the aristocracy into saying that unless they had a say in governmental decisions, they wouldn't protect it
2. slavery: gave slaves political power since they were a sizable part of the population |
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Briefly describe the three facets of early Athenian government. (A, A, E)
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1. Archons - had executive authority, only served for 1yr, chief admin & in charge of the military,judicial, religious affairs
2. Areopagus - former office holders, served as a high court, act as an institutional memory, influence over hearing cases 3. Ekklesia - they had the right to elect archons; body of all free adult male citizens who (over 18) could participate in the gov’t, their job is to give their (dis)approval. |
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Why and how did writing arise, and in what form?
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It arose because they needed it to keep inventory and manage their economy/society. It evolved as a practical recording technique to support economic pursuits. Pictograms->symbols used to differentiate between things.
- The Ugarit created a phonetic alphabet consisting of 30 symbols. This was later improved upon by the Phonecians by cutting the alphabet down to 22 letters consisting of phonetic consonants. It was even better refined by the Greeks, who made it 24 letters and added consonants |
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What was the contribution of the Ugarit, and why was it such a big deal?
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Ugarit’s contribution was their alphabet, symbols for sounds. It was a big deal because it could be learned and taught easily, also that it is infinitely flexible with concepts and ideas.
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Where did the Hebrews come from?
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The Hebrews came from Lower Mesopotamia, the were descendants of Abraham.
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What were the basics of Zoroasterianism and its two contributions to Western religion?
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The basics are that there is one god, Ahura Mazda (truth, life, justice) that has two opposing forces chaos (uncontrollable) and evil (on purpose). It’s two contributions to the Western religion were:
1. Dualism: that there is a battle between everything that is good and everything that is evil 2. Judgement Day: that there is and end time to come where you will be judged by your actions on this earth/in this life. |
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What were the unique contributions of the Hebrews to the West (pertaining to God, 5 answers)?
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1. monotheism (only one god),
2. transcendent god (above nature, because he created it), 3. free will (man above nature, could decide what they wanted to do), 4. Ethical conduct (not just doing things for you/ in your best interest but for others, just god wants you to sacrifice yourself) 5. Universal god (anyone who recognizes him will be the chosen people) |
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define Ma'at
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god of right behavior
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define thassalocracy
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a sea empire
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What was the Egyptian river called?
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The Nile
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Who created coins?
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The Levites
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difference between monolatry and monotheism
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in monotheism, there is one god and all other gods don't exist
in monolatry, there are multiple gods and you just pick one (but believe the others have their place) |
