Nutr:unit 1 Vocan

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Malnutrition

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Any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients. Nutrient or energy deficiencies are classed as forms of undernutrition; nutrient or energy excesses are classed as forms of over nutrition.

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Chronic diseases

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Long duration degenerative diseases characterized by deterioration of the body organs. Ex. Heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.

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Genome

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The full compliment of genetic material in the chromosomes of a cell.

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DNA

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Deoxyribonucleic acid. The molecule that encodes genetic information in its structure.

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Genes

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Units of a cells inheritance. Made of the chemical DNA. Each gene directs the making of one or more proteins, which perform important tasks in the body.

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Nutritional Geonomics

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The science of how nutrients affects the activities of genes and how genes affect the activities of nutrients. ( Also called molecular nutrition or nutrigenomics)

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Energy

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The capacity to do work. Energy in food is chemical energy. It can be converted to mechanical, electrical, heat, or other forms of energy in the body. Food energy is measured in Calories.

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Organic

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Carbon containing. Four of the six classes of nutrients are organic. Carb, fat, protein, and vitamins. Organic compulounds include only those made by living things and do not include carbon dioxide and a few carbon salts.

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Energy yeilding nutrients

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The nutrients that the body can use for energy. May also supply building blocks for body structures.

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Essential nutrients

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Nutrients that the body cannot make for itself(or cannot make fast enough) from other raw materials. Nutrients that must be obtained from food to prevent defiencies

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Calories

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Units of energy. Used to measure the energy contained in foods. It is the amount of heat energy nessessary to raise the temp of a kg (1 liter) of water 1 degree celcius.

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Gram

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Unit of mass. It is the mass of a cubic centimeter (cc) or mililiter (ml) of water under defined conditions of temp and pressure. 28G = 1 oz

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Dietary supplements

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Pills, liquids, or powders that contain purified nutrients or other ingredients.

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Elemental diets

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Diets composed of purified ingredients of known chemical composition; intended to supply all essential nutrients to people who cannot eat foods.

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Nonnutrients

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Compounds other than the six nutrients that are present in foods and have biological activity in the body.

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Phytochemicals

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Non nutrient compounds in plant derived foods that have biological activity in the body.

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Cuisine

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Style of cooking

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Foodway

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The sum of a cultures habits, customs, beleifs, and preferences concerning food.

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Ethnic foods

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Foods associated with particular cultural subgroups within a population.

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Omnivores

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People who eat foods of both plant and animal origin, including animal flesh.

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Vegetarians

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People who exclude from their diets animal flesh, and possibly other animal products such as milk, cheese and eggs.

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Vegans

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People who include only food from plant sourcea: vegetables, grains, legumes, fruit, seeds, nuts, also called strict vegetarians.