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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rda
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recommended daily allowance
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basic 5
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meat-2, milk-3, fruits-2, veggies-3, grains 6
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glucose
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monosaccharide- blood sugar “ dextrose”
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glycogen
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Stored in liver + muscles, 24 hr storage
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Us Dietary Guidelines
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50% carbs, 30% fat, 2-% protein
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Digestion
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breaking down food to release nutrients
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Indigestion
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overeating lack of exercise, eating to fast
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Enrichment program
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add 4 b vitamins + iron to breads/ cereals
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Carbs
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50% of total body calories, primary body fuel
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Fructose
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Fruit sugar- sweetest
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Galactcose
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milk sugar
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Sucrose
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table sugar
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Maltose
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malt products
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Lactose
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milk sugar
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Starch
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most important, ex breads cereals
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Cholesterol
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most important, ex breads cereals
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Saturated fat
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Bad, increases blood cholesterol
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Polyunsaturated fat
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good, decreases blood cholesterol
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Vegetarian
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no meat
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Complete protein
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all 10 essential amino acids
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Incomplete protein
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missing 1 or more essential amino acids
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Complementary protein
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incomplete + incomplete or incomplete + complete
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Essential amino acids
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10 essential- have to eat
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Hydrochloric acid
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Gastrointestinal secretion, increases acidity, absorption ca +fe
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Rennin
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Stomach for digestion of milk protein
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Anabolism
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tissue building
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Catabolism
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tissue breakdown
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Basal Metabolic Rate
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65% calories for resting tissues, controlled by thyroid
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Vitamin A
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antioxidant for healthy epithelial tissue, adapt to changes in lighting
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Vitamin D
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bone development + absorption of calcium + phosphorus
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Vitamin E
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Antioxidant
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Vitamin K
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blood clotting
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Vitamin C
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Antioxidant collagen formation, wound healing, absorption of calcium + iron
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Vitamin B1
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healthy nervous tissue, metabolism / coenzymes, alcohol treatment
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Vitamin B2
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healthy nervous tissue, metabolism/ coenzymes, light enzymes
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Vitamin B3
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healthy nervous tissue, metabolism/ coenzymes, light enzymes
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Folic acid
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healthy nervous tissue, metabolism/ coenzymes, pregnant women
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Calcium
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bone+ tooth formation, blood clotting+ muscle action
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Phosphorus
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bone+ tooth formation, blood buffer
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Sodium
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water balance, acid- base balance, muscle action
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Potassium
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water balance, acid base balance, glycogen formation
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Iron
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hemoglobin
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Iodine
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synthesize thyroxin
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Wic program
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low income for pregnant or breast-feeding women+ children 5 yrs or younger
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Water consumption
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8 glasses a day
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Pregnancy
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25- 35 lb weight gain
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Breastfeeding
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+ 500 calories/day ^ calcium, protein, fluids
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Nausea/morning sickness
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1st trimester, hormones + decrease blood sugar+ fat
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Colostrum-
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1st milk, increase protein + antibodies
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Beikost
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4-6 months, solid food additions, unable to digest starch until 3 months
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Infant feeding
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1/ rice, 2/ fruit, 3/ veggies, 4/ meat
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Nutrition for athletes
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15% protein, 30% fat, 55% carbs
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Anorexia nervosa
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self induced starvation, denial of appetite
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Bulimia
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antidepressants, minimum of 2 binges/ week, 20 % college women
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Compulsive overeating
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more than 2 binges/week, with large amounts of food w/o hunger
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Eternal feeding
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oral- using Gi tract, tube- unable to chew or swallow
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Parental feeding
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avoid Gi tract, peripheral vein- need isn’t great
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Dental caries
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sugar+ bacteria= acid
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Peptic ulcer
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erosion of Gi tract + increased stomach acid- avoid chemical irritations
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Irritable bowel syndrome
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more often in women under stress, increase fiber
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Diverticulitis
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inflamed + infected pouches
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Ulcerative colitis
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inflamed colon + ulcers from dehydration
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Chron’s disease
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affects any part of Gi tract
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Cystic Fibrosis-
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more in males + Caucasians, inherited
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Phenylketonuria
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missing enzyme to metabolize PHE
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Cholecysitis
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inflammation of gall bladder
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Lithiasis
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gall stones
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Lactose intolerance
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missing lactose, genetic, in blacks
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Food allergy
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overreaction of immune system
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Hepatitis
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inflamed liver
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Cirrhosis
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advanced liver disease
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Congestive heart failure
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heart fails to pump
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Glomerulonephritis
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inflammation of small blood vessels, in head of nephron
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Renal failure
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adrenal function meltdown
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Rule of five
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weight loss rule, patient had no food for 5 days , likely to not have food for 5 more
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Cancer
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high fat, low fiber
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celiac disease
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intestinal villi damaged
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