Nutritional Needs Of The Newborn

Front 1

Caloric needs for newborns

Back 1

110-120 kcal/kg (50-55 kcal/lb) of body wt/day.

9-12% as protein
45-55% as carbs

Front 2

Regains birth weight at?

Back 2

bottle fed = 10 days
breast fed = 14 days

Front 3

Breast & bottle have how many cal/oz?

Back 3

20 cal/oz

Front 4

Fluid needs of the newborn

Back 4

40-60 ml/kg (18-36 ml/lb) for 1st 2 days

100-150 ml/kg after 1st 2 days of life

Front 5

Protein needs of the newborn

Back 5

2.2 g/kg.
Needed for rapid growth

Front 6

Fat needs of the newborn

Back 6

linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid needed for growth & skin integrity.

Human milk contains 3x the amount

Front 7

Breastfeeding advantages for baby

Back 7

contains enzymes that aid in digestion (amylase & lipase)

anti-infective properties (only in breast milk)

Secretory IgA which binds large molecules of foreign proteins, including viruses & bacteria & keeps them from being absorbed thru GI tract

Lactoferrin - iron binding protein

Lysozyme - destroys bacteria

Leukocytes - protection against common URIs

Macrophages - interfere with virus growth.

Better for dental arch

eliminates protein intolerance

Front 8

Breastfeeding advantages for mom

Back 8

protection for breast CA

aids uterine involution (oxytocin release from sucking)

may help with PPD weight loss

enhanced bonding

conveniencec & reduced cost

Front 9

Disadv/contraindications of breastfeeding

Back 9

if mom has hepatitis

if HIV+ (only in USA)

if infant has galactosemia (very rare disease where baby cannot tolerate mother's breast milk)

herpes lesions on nipples

mom on meds (ex: lithium/methotrexate)

Breast CA

Front 10

Prolactin

Back 10

causes milk production by suckling and removal of colostrum or milk

Front 11

Oxytocin

Back 11

nipple stimulation causes milk ejection reflex or let-down reflex

Front 12

Colostrum

Back 12

the first milk
thick yellow or clear substance
high in protein, fat-soluble vits & minerals.
Low in calories, fat & lactose.
VERY rich in immunoglobulins (esp IgA)
helps establish normal flora in GI & works as laxative to rid intestine of meconium

Front 13

Transitional breast milk

Back 13

by 7-10 days looks like whole milk.
Immunoglobulins & proteins decrease
lactose, fat & calories increase
Vit D is about the same as mature milk

Front 14

Mature breast milk

Back 14

appears after 1st 2 weeks.
bluish and not as thick (skim milk like)
contains approx 20 kcal/oz & all nutrients needed

Front 15

Prep of breast for breast feeding

Back 15

avoid soap & water before birth & during lactation - removes the natural oils from montgomery tubercles.
Assess for flat/inverted nipples

Front 16

Flat/Inverted nipples

Back 16

Adhesions are what cause flat/inverted nipples

nipple shells go over the breast & puts gentle pressure on areola to help break up the adhesions.

Front 17

Breast feeding

Back 17

Have infant grasp the nipple and areola
1st feeding should take place w/i the 1st 30 mins to 2 hrs if possible.
Infants head & face should directly face the breast with nose & chin touching the breast.
Brush nipple against the center of the infant's mouth until it opens
Place nipple and as much areola as possible in mouth so nipple can be drawn into the back of the mouth.
Start at least 10 mins and alternate breasts.
Feed every 1.5-3 hours

Front 18

Good latch

Back 18

open wide
nose & chin touch

Front 19

Fore-milk

Back 19

the first milk they get; very watery & gives hem all their water soluble vits & fluids

Front 20

Hind-milk

Back 20

the creamy, fat-rich milk; deep in breast & is the last milk they get.
If baby only gets fore-milk he/she will fail to gain weight.

Front 21

Breast milk storage

Back 21

4 hrs at room temp
4 days in refrigerator
4-6 months in freezer
up to 1 year in deep freeze

Front 22

Engorgement

Back 22

brief heat (2-3 mins) for leakage
teach her how to massage her breast all the way around & express a little milk (press back against chest wall & put baby to breast)
If breast is so hard ti won't leak, apply ice pack after breastfeeding (10 mins)

Front 23

Nipple trauma

Back 23

sustained pain
greatest on 3rd-4th day
nipples are red, cracked, blistered or bleeding

Front 24

Mastitis

Back 24

redness of breast
purulent drainage
fever
anti-Bs needed (moms continue feeding)
doesn't usually happen the first two weeks

Front 25

plugged ducts

Back 25

caused by missed feedings, engorgement, or constricting bra.
massage then follow with heat & then breastfeed

Front 26

Pumping

Back 26

begin within 4-12 hours if not breast feeding

pump approx q 2-3 hrs for 10-15 mins.

Front 27

Formula feeding

Back 27

semi upright position
hold bottle at angle to keep nipple full
burp after every 1/2 oz
feed q 3-4 hours (1/2-1oz each feed 1st day AND 2-3oz per feed by third day)

Front 28

sterilization of bottles/nipples

Back 28

5 minutes in boiling water unless hot water dishwasher is available

tap water should be brought to a rolling boil for 1 minute & then allowed to cool before mixing with formula.