Nutritional Disorders

Front 1

most important factor determining bmr?

Back 1

body weight

Front 2

energy from carbs?

Back 2

4 kcal/g

Front 3

digestion of carbs?

Back 3

salivary and pancreatic amylase

Front 4

brush border enzymes aka?

Back 4

disaccharidases

Front 5

lactose?

Back 5

galactose + glucose

Front 6

maltose?

Back 6

glucose + glucose

Front 7

sucrose?

Back 7

fructose + glucose

Front 8

transaminase function?

Back 8

remove amine groups to form α ketoacid

Front 9

protein energy?

Back 9

4 kcal/g

Front 10

deficiency of essential fatty acids?

Back 10

scaly dermatitis, hair loss, poor wound healing

Front 11

essential fatty acids and their functions?

Back 11

linolenic acid (omega-3): cardioprotective;
linoleic acid (omega-6): required for synthesis of arachidonic acid

Front 12

fat energy?

Back 12

9 kcal/g

Front 13

kwashiorkor?

Back 13

inadequate protein intake with adequate caloric intake of mostly carbs --> decreased visceral protein

Front 14

symptoms of kwashiorkor?

Back 14

pitting edema and ascites; fatty liver (decreased apolipoproteins); diarrhea; anemia and defects in cmi

Front 15

marasmus?

Back 15

dietary deficiency of both proteins and calories --> decrease in somatic protein

Front 16

most common cause of death in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Back 16

ventricular arrhythmia

Front 17

acid-base disturbance in bulimia nervosa?

Back 17

hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis

Front 18

fat soluble vitamins?

Back 18

A, D, E, K

Front 19

differentiate jaundice from β carotene rich diet?

Back 19

sclera remains white

Front 20

clinical uses of vitamin A?

Back 20

treatment of acne, acute promyelocytic leukemia

Front 21

vit A deficiency?

Back 21

impaired night vision, blindness, follicular hyperkeratosis, pneumonia, growth retardation, renal calculi

Front 22

vit D functions?

Back 22

increase reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus from intestines; bone mineralization; macrophage stem cell conversion to osteoclast

Front 23

vit D deficiency?

Back 23

pathologic fractures, excess osteoid, bow legs, tetany;
children: rickets;
adults: osteomalacia

Front 24

vit E function?

Back 24

antioxidant

Front 25

vit E deficiency?

Back 25

unusual but may occur with cystic fibrosis or abetalipoproteinemia; hemolytic anemia, peripheral neuropathy, degeneration of posterior column (poor joint sensation) and spinocerebellar tract (ataxia)

Front 26

vit K functions?

Back 26

procoagulants and anticoagulant production

Front 27

vit K deficiency?

Back 27

newborns: hemorrhagic disease of newborn;
adults: gi bleeding, ecchymoses, prolonged PT and PTT

Front 28

water soluble vitamins?

Back 28

thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), cobalamin (B12), folic acid, biotin, ascorbic acid (C)

Front 29

thiamine (B1) function?

Back 29

cofactor in reaction that produce ATP

Front 30

thiamine (B1) deficiency?

Back 30

dry beriberi: peripheral neruopathy;
wernick-korsakoff syndrome;
wet beriberi: congestive cardiomyopathy with biventricular failure

Front 31

riboflavin (B2) function?

Back 31

citric acid cycle

Front 32

riboflavin (B2) deficiency?

Back 32

corneal neovascularization, glossitis, cheilosis, angular stomatitis

Front 33

niacin (B3) function?

Back 33

part of cofactors of oxidation-reduction reactions

Front 34

niacin (B3) deficiency?

Back 34

pellagra: diarrhea, dermatitis (hyperpigmentation), dementia

Front 35

niacin and tryptophan?

Back 35

tryptophan is used to synthesize niacin

Front 36

pyridoxine (B6) function?

Back 36

transamination, heme synthesis, neurotransmitter synthesis

Front 37

pyridoxine (B6) deficiency?

Back 37

sideroblastic anemia, convulsions, peripheral neuropathy

Front 38

cobalamin (B12) function?

Back 38

DNA synthesis and odd-chain fatty acid metabolism

Front 39

cobalamin (B12) deficiency?

Back 39

megaloblastic anemia, neurologic disease (posterior colum and lateral corticospinal tract demyelination), glossitis

Front 40

folic acid function?

Back 40

DNA synthesis

Front 41

folic acid deficiency?

Back 41

megaloblastic anemia without neurologic, glossitis

Front 42

biotin function?

Back 42

cofactor in carboxylase reactions

Front 43

biotin deficiency?

Back 43

dermatitis, alopecia, lactic acidosis

Front 44

ascorbic acid (C) function?

Back 44

hydroxylation of lysine and proline residues in collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, reduces nonheme iron for absorption in duodenum, keeps FH4 in reduced form, cofactor for conversion of DA to NE

Front 45

ascorbic acid (C) deficiency?

Back 45

weak capillaries and venules, skin ecchymoses, perifollicular hemorrhage, corkscrew hairs, hemarthrosis, bleeding gums, anemia, loosened teeth, glossitis, poor wound healing

Front 46

zinc function?

Back 46

cofactor for metalloenzymes, growth and spermatogenesis in children

Front 47

zinc deficiency?

Back 47

poor wound healing, dysgeusia, anosmia, perioral rash, hypogonadism and growth retardation in children

Front 48

copper function?

Back 48

cofactor for ferroxidase (binds iron to transferrin), lysyl oxidase (cross-linking collagen and elastic tissue), tyrosinase (melanin synthesis)

Front 49

copper deficiency?

Back 49

microcytic anemia, aortic dissection, poor wound healing

Front 50

iodine function?

Back 50

synthesis of thyroid hormone

Front 51

iodine deficiency?

Back 51

goiter, hypothyroidism

Front 52

chromium function?

Back 52

maintains normal glucose

Front 53

chromium deficiency?

Back 53

impaired glucose tolerance, peripheral neuropathy

Front 54

selenium function?

Back 54

component of glutathion peroxidase

Front 55

selenium deficiency?

Back 55

muscle pain and weakness, diliated cardiomyopathy

Front 56

fluoride function?

Back 56

component of calcium hydroxyapatite in bone and teeth

Front 57

fluoride deficiency?

Back 57

dental caries