Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Goals of Nutritional Assessment
|
To meet the patient’s nutrient needs
|
|
|
Elements of Nutritional Assessment
|
-Historical data -Medical Medication -Diet History -Direct observation |
|
|
Anthropometric Measurements
"measurement of mankind " |
-Height
-Weight -Ideal/ usual/ adjusted body weight -Head circumference |
|
|
Lab data
|
- Albumin, pre-albumin
-Hematological -Hydration status -Diagnostic |
|
|
Other factors
|
-Gastrointestinal status
-Skin integrity -Cognition -Chronic diseases |
|
|
Risk factors for Malnutrition
|
-Poor po intake (<75% of > 3 days)
- NPO or Clear liquid > 5days - Low albumin (<3.0 / prealbumin <10) -Unintentional weight loss -Parenteral/ enteral nutrition -Chronic wounds, pressure ulcers |
|
|
Nutrition Care Plan
|
Assess nutritional status
Analyze assessment data Develop nutrition care plan Implement the plan Evaluate and reassess if necessary |
|
|
Macro Nutrient Needs
|
Calories= 25 – 35 kcal/kg body weight
Protein=1.2 – 1.5 gram/kg body weight RDA = 0.8 gram/kg body weight Fluids=1 ml/kcal/day |
|
|
Nutrition Therapy
|
Oral: Liquids,Mechanically altered (soft, chopped, pureed),Nutrient restricted (low Na, Low K+, low fat),Regular
Nutrition Support: IntravenousTube &feeding |
|
|
Parenteral Nutrition
|
Nutrients delivered intravenously: Can provide total nutrition
-Proteins (amino acids) -Carbohydrates (dextrose) -Fats (microlipids) -Vitamins (multivitamin solution) -Minerals (electrolytes) -Water |
|
|
Parenteral Nutrition
|
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN):Delivered via central/ PICC line,Meets 100% nutrition needs,Long term support (>5 days)
Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN): Delivered via peripheral vein,Short term supplement (<5 days)Meet protein needs |
|
|
Enteral Nutrition
|
Tube feedings: Must have a functioning GI tract,Must have the ability to digest and/ or absorb nutrients
-Nasal (short term): Nasogastric, Orogastric, & nasojejunal -Gastrostomy: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) & Jejunostomy (PEJ) |
|
|
Formula Selection
|
Standard formula:
-Complete at a reasonable volume -Whole protein, protein isolates -Low osmolality -Relatively inexpensive |
|
|
Formula Selection
|
Hydrolyzed formula:
-Elemental (predigested) -Peptide based and free amino acids |
|
|
Formula Selection
|
Modular formula
Single nutrient (CHO, protein) Disease specific: Renal – protein, electrolytes, volume controlled Hepatic – high branched chain amino acids Pulmonary – high protein, low carbohydrates Glucose Intolerance – carbohydrate steady Trauma – conditionally essential amino acids |
|
|
Distinguishing Characteristics
|
- Nutrient density (1.2 kcal/ml)
-Osmolality (isotonic vs hypertonic) -Residue and fiber -Fructo-oligo-saccharides (FOS) -Prebiotics that stimulate growth of good bacteria (bifobacteria) in the colon -Promote uptake of electrolytes and water, preventing diarrhea. -Arginine and Glutamine -Phytochemicals |
|
|
Enteral Nutrition Complications |
Aspiration: Possible result in pneumoniaHydration status: Over-hydration or dehydrationGI tolerance: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipationMalabsorption: Impaired digestion or absorptionContamination: microbial ( not seen often)
|
