Nutrition Test Carbs

Front 1

Simple Sugars

Back 1

are easily broken down to be absorbed by the body
Monosaccharides : glucose and fructose

dont last long

Front 2

Carbohydrates

Back 2

purpose is to provide energy
they can be stored in the body

Front 3

Complex Sugars

Back 3

formed by two monosaccharides coming together
Disaccharides: sucrose,maltose,lactose

release slower

Front 4

Trisaccharides

Back 4

consist of one molecule of glucose, galactose, and fructose

Front 5

Polysaccharides

Back 5

made up of numerous molecules of simple sugars
dextrin, starch cellulose, glycogen

has to be broken down in to monosaccharides before used

Front 6

digestion of carbohydrates occur in where?
(two places)

Back 6

mouth: enzyme salivary amylase
Intestines: primary sites

(starch, glycogen and disaccharides broken down to monosaccharides)

Front 7

most of the carbohydrates in pet rations are absorbed as ---------?

Back 7

glucose

Front 8

absorbed galactose and fructose are converted to _______?

Back 8

glucose

Front 9

blood glucose into body cells is dependent on _____ from _________?

Back 9

Insulin, Pancreas

Front 10

entry of glucose into RBCs, liver cells, and CNS is NOT ________ __________

Back 10

Insulin Dependent

Front 11

what are the normal values of blood glucose?

Back 11

80- 120mg/di

Front 12

small dogs under 10 lbs with a high metabolism can get ________________?

Back 12

hypoglycemia
need constant replenishment of energy (chihuahua)

Front 13

hypoglycemia is?

Back 13

decrease in blood glucose
causes: pancreas dysfunction, causing excessive insulin production depleting blood glucose
heavily worked unconditioned animal (bird dog) depleting blood glucose supply

Front 14

hyperglycemia is?

Back 14

Increase in blood glucose, causes Diabetes mellitus

Front 15

diabetes mellitus is?

Back 15

a deficiency in insulin production causes theses symptoms:
Glucosuria, ketonemia (ketones in blood), ployuria and polydipsia

Front 16

diabetes mellitus is mostly found in ______ aged,_____ (fat)________ (girl) dogs

Back 16

middle, obese,female

Front 17

this diseases________ can be hereditary and found in what breeds?

Back 17

Diabetes mellitus, schnauzer, cockers, and poodles

Front 18

what is the first thing you do to check for Diabetes mellitus? how long fast?

Back 18

fasting glucose test
fast for 12 hours

Front 19

a dogs average glucose level is?

Back 19

80-120mg/di

Front 20

doges tend to be type one diabetic which is?

Back 20

insulin dependent

Front 21

Gluconeogenesis is?
levels of glucose drop below 60

Back 21

the liver uses fats and proteins and convert them into glucose
get dramatic weight loss

Front 22

fats are

Back 22

complex molecules that are broken down by digestive system into fatty acids.

Front 23

Fatty acids are used as sources of____ for ____, hormone ________, skin and_____ oils, membranes and body cell parts

Back 23

fuel, energy, production, coat

Front 24

fats four main functions are

Back 24

supply energy, palatability, essential fatty acids, carry fat soluble vitamins (A,E,D,&K)

Front 25

Essential fatty acids

Back 25

Linoleic acids
Linolenic acids
Arachidonic acids

Front 26

what has most of the fatty acids a dog needs?

Back 26

vegetable oil

Front 27

what essential fatty acid does cats need most?
where do they get it from?

Back 27

Arachidonic acid
animal origin

Front 28

fatty acids and fats are in what two see able parts of animals?

Back 28

hair and skin

Front 29

a deficiency in fats or fatty acids makes the hair ____ and ____ and the skin____ thicken and ______

Back 29

dry, course, dry, flaky

Front 30

what are the six sources of fats?

Back 30

lard
horse fat, poultry fat
cottonseed oil, vegetable oil, fish oil

Front 31

what is the concentration of energy in fats?

Back 31

9 cal/gm

Front 32

where are fats converted to glycerol and fatty acids?

Back 32

Small Intestine

Front 33

fats are _______ insoluble

Back 33

water

Front 34

bile salts break down fats into a ?

Back 34

water miscible form

Front 35

Pancreatic Lipase splits fat in to ____ and ____.

Back 35

glycerol, fatty acids

Front 36

digestion and absorption of fats is completed in how many hours?

Back 36

two hrs

Front 37

fats contribute to ________ _________.

Back 37

water retention

Front 38

affects of fat on blood are....

Back 38

slowed circulation, shortened clotting time, and decrease in sedimentation rate (blood doesn't separate well)

Front 39

pancreatitis / holiday syndrome

Back 39

severe inflammation due to over activated digestive enzymes which starts digesting the pancreas

Front 40

pancreatitis is classified as ____ or ____.

Back 40

acute (reaction) , chronic (little episodes)
need anti inflammatory's and fluids to flush system

Front 41

symptom's of pancreatitis are

Back 41

abdominal pain, vomiting, elevated pancreatic enzymes and diarrhea

Front 42

causes of pancreatitis are

Back 42

hyperlipemia (high fat), obesity, infectious disease ( parvo, distemper) abdominal trauma (hit by car)

Front 43

laboratory analysis

Back 43

elevated lipase and amylase

Front 44

treatment

Back 44

NPO- reduce inflammatory action of pancreas
IV fluids
anti-inflammatory drugs

Front 45

dietary management

Back 45

diet low in fat, no table food

Front 46

cats are what type of carnivore

Back 46

obligate

Front 47

cats have a decreased amount of of intestinal and pancreatic _______

Back 47

amylase which break down carbs

Front 48

percent of cat in one house hold
percent of multiple cats in house hold

Back 48

34%
56%

Front 49

what percent of cats are obese

Back 49

35%

Front 50

nutritional needs of a cat

Back 50

higher protein needs
taurine, arachodonic acid
reduced carbohydrates

Front 51

1950's what type of food
1970's what type of food

Back 51

canned
dry

Front 52

Diabetes mellitus in cats

Back 52

recent, due to living indoors
non insulin dependent
endocrine disorder

Front 53

characteristic of diabetes in cats

Back 53

hyperglycemia, obesity, genetic predisposition, poor diet, hormones abnormalities, gender

Front 54

what gender is the most likely candidate of diabetes in cats?

Back 54

male, neutered, sedentary, obese

Front 55

symptoms of this diseases are?

Back 55

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,weight loss or gain

Front 56

diagnosis

Back 56

glucosuria, hyperglycemia : hematologic analysis

Front 57

treatment is through diet exercise and insulin therapy
how ?

Back 57

diet: is low carb, high protein
excercise: toys, laser pointer, virtual fish bowl
insulin therapy: PzI- long acting (40 IU/mL) Glargine (100IU/mL) Detemir (100IU/mL)

Front 58

Insulin therapy also have how many days to take affect and possible remission in how many weeks?

Back 58

3-5 day
4-6 weeks

Front 59

blood glucose for cats is?

Back 59

83-133 mg/di