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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Protein RDA
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0.8g/kg
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Protein AMDR
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10-35%kcal
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Carbohydrate RDA
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130g/day
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Carbohydrate AMDR
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45-65%kcal
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Lipid AMDR
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20-35%kcal
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Fiber AI
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14g/1000kcal
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Blood Glucose
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70-100 mg/dl
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Maltose
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Glucose+Glucose
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Sucrose
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Glucose+Fructose
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Lactose
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Galactose+Glucose
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Hexoses
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Glucose & Galactose
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Fructose
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pentose
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Carbohydrate
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CnH2nOn
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Starch
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Glucose polymer
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Fiber
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Nonstarch polysaccharides
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Glycogen
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animal polysaccharide, more branched
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Functions of CHO
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Generate ATP,
spare Protein, preventing ketosis, synth of glycolipids/glycoproteins/structural CHO/nucleic |
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Fates of Blood Glucose
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muscle/liver glycogen, adipose tissue, kidney excretion, energy in other tissues
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Hormones Regulating Blood glucose
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Insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone
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Insulin effects
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lowers blood glucose-puts it in muscle&fat, increases glycogen storage, stops glucose synth in liver
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Glucagon effects
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(pancreas) breakdown of glycogen to glucose, increased gluconeogenesis
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Prediabetes
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100-126 mg/dl
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Diabetes
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+126 mg/dl
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Type1 Diabetes
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immune disorder, pancreas fail, urination wight loss hunger blurred vision neuropathy, CDVD, renal failure, insulin/diet exercise
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Type 2 Diabetes
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90%+ cases in US, problem w/insulin receptors, obesity, exercise, diet.
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Glycemic index
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ratio of blood glucose response of a given food compared to a standard (50g) influenced by type of starch/fiber/processing or other nutrients
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Glycemic Load
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GI X gCHO in 1 svg/100
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Non-nut Sweetners
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aspartame, neotame, saccharin, acesulfame-K, sucralose, tagatose, rebiana
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Sucralose
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Clorinated Sucrose
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Triglyceride
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3 fatty acids esterified to glycerol
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Cis/Trans
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Cis is bent, Trans is straight on CC double bond
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EFAs
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Linoleic (C18:2n6) forms arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) cell walls/
Alpha Linolenic (C18:3n3) required for rods/cones + Parent of EPA/DHA |
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Eiconasoids
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regulate inflammation BP, clotting. N-3 reduce, n-6 increase
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Chylomicron
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formed in intestine from dietary fat. Removed by liver
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VLDL
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formed in liver from fatty acids/phospholipids/proteins
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LDL
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formed from VLDL(after removal of Tg) forms plaque. Used in cells w/LDL receptor pathway
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HDL
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formed in intestine & liver. Removes cholesterol
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CHD
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Smoking, Blood Cholesterol/Tg High BP, Inactivity, Obesity, Blood sugar
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22 AAs
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9 essential/11 nonessential
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Essential
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PVT TIM H[A]LL
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Legumes
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lack methionine
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Cereals
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lack lysine
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Lysine/Methionine
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Limiting aas
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N Balance
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Nin – Nout =16%proteing –(TUN+2)
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Protein digestion
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Pepsin + Pancreatic enzymes
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Absorption
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small peptides+aminos
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Physiologic
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tissues, buffers for pH albumin, neurotransmitters
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Protein Turnover
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250-400g/day – 300g broken down, 100g diet
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Allergies
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Peanuts, treenuts, fish, shellfish, eggs, milk, soy, wheat
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Alcohol svg
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15g
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Ethanol
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CH3CH2OH
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Enzyme Pathways
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Alc Dehydrogenase pathway ethanol>acetaldehyde>AcetylCoA
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Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing system
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accts for tolerance, uses energy
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Legally intoxicated
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.08%
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