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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lipid
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A category of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen compounds that are insoluble in water
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fatty acid
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the most basic unit of triglycerides or phospholipids
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oils
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lipids that are at room temperature
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essential fatty acids
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body cannot make these: linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid
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triglyceride
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commonly known as fat
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precursor
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a substance that is converted into or leads to the formation of another substance
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bile
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used to emulsify fat in the small intestine. made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
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micelles
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small transport carriers in the intestine that enable fatty acids and other compounds to be absorbed
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lipoproteins
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capsule-shaped transport carriers that enable fat and cholesterol to travel through the lymph and blood
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chylomicron
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a type of lipoprotein that carries digested fat and other lipids through the lymph system into the blood
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very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
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delivers fat made in the liver to the tissues, remnants are converted into LDL
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low density lipoprotein (LDL)
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deposits cholesterol in the walls of the arteries. (BAD)
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High density lipoprotein (HDL)
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removes cholesterol from the tissues and delivers it to the liver to be used as part of bile and/or to be excreted from the body (GOOD)
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trans fat
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results from hydrogenating an unsaturated fatty acid, causing a reconfiguring of some of its double bonds. occurs natural in animal foods
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heart attack
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permanent damage to the heart muscle that results from a sudden lack of oxygen-rich blood
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stroke
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a condition caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain that could result in paralysis and possibly death
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atherosclerosis
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narrowing of the coronary arteries due to buildup of debris along the artery walls
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plaque
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the hardened buildup of cholesterol-laden foam cells, platelets, cellular-waste products, and calcium in the arteries that results in atherosclerosis
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normal blood pressure
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120/80
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phytosterols
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naturally occuring sterols found in plants. Lower LDL
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flavonoids
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a phytochemical found in fruits, vegetables, tea, nuts, and seed
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proteins
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compounds in your body that consist of numerous amino acids and are found in all living cells
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amino acids
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the building blocks of protein. contain: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. have acid group and unique side chain
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essential amino acids
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9 of these. must be obtained through dietary sources
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nonessential amino acids
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11 of these that your body can make
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peptide bonds
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connect amino acids. joined by nitrogen group
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denatured
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alteration of a proteins shape, which changes the structure and function of the protein
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amino acid pools
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a limited supply of amino acids stored in your blood and cells and used to build new proteins (stored for a rainy day)
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sickle-cell anemia
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a blood disorder caused by a genetic defect in the development in hemoglobin.
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collagen
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a ropelike, fibrous protein that is the most abundant protein in your body
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edema
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the accumulation of excess water in spaces throughout your body and within and between your cells
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antibodies
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proteins made by your body to bind to and neutralize foreign invaders, such as harmful bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as part of the body's immune response
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complete protein
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has all essential amino acids that your body needs
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incomplete protein
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low in one or more essential amino acids; can be paired with other of these to complete the set
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protein-energy malnutrition
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a lack of sufficient dietary protein and/or calories
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kwashiorkor
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a state of PEM where there is a severe deficiency in dietary protein (little african kids)
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marasmus
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a state of PEM where there is a severe deficiency of calories that perpetuates wasting; also called starvation
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